The Complete Poems of Tyutchev In An English Translation by F.Jude Nature, Love And Politics --------------------------------------------------------------- Copyright (c) F. Jude Durham, 2000 Email: fjude369(a)yahoo.co.uk WWW: http://www.oriontyne.com 12 South Crescent, North End, DURHAM, DH1 2BH. phone number +44(0)191 384 6985. --------------------------------------------------------------- Illustrated by S. Razvi Foreword by R. Lane (Lecturer in Russian at the University of Durham) Copyright (c) F. Jude, Durham, 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Copyright owner. The author welcomes orders, enquiries about and comments on this book at the publishing address: 62 Devonshire Road, Belmont, Durham, DH1 2BH, U.K. DEDICATION I dedicate this book to Dr. R. Lane of the University of Durham for sharing with me his great expertise and for his encouragement. Imperturbable form is the outward sign of nature's utter consonance. Only our spectral liberty imparts a sense of dissonance. Whence this disharmony? How did it arise? In the general chorus, why this solo refrain? Why do our souls not sing like the sea and why must the thinking reed complain? (The sea is harmony. F. Tyutchev) ..... the great figures in imaginative literature are perpetually contemporary... they never become History. Ancient or modern, they live in the perpetual present of mankind, crowding it with an accumulation of life and a living variety of human experience. (Essays in Literature and Society. E. Muir) THE AUTHOR A freelance teacher in the north east of England, having taught myself Russian I graduated from the University of Durham in 1972 with first class honours, following this with doctoral research in the work of Tyutchev, supervised by R. Lane. The research was never completed and I returned to it some four years ago, one result being this book. THE ILLUSTRATOR Shaheen Razvi is a freelance artist living in Scotland. She has done portraits, illustrated an Urdu text book and a multi-cultural collection of nursery rhymes. She has also contributed a series of oil paintings on an anti-racist theme to a major exhibition. FOREWORD BY R. LANE TO THE 1983 EDITION The poet Fyodor Tyutchev is known and appreciated by too few people outside of Russia, and yet his position as second to Pushkin (arguably only with the exception of Lermontov) has been acknowledged by generations of Russian/Soviet writers and critics. The reading public had always cherished his lyrics, although they did not always have sufficient access to them. Tyutchev can teach much of value about both how to savour the beauty of fleeting moments and how to face life's adversities with spirit. It is precisely these qualities which have, I believe, been caught admirably in Frank Jude's translations. They transmit faithfully the feelings and the tone of the originals, sometimes with remarkable success. I believe that he has tackled sensibly the dilemma of the equation facing all translators of poetry - to what extent to reproduce the originals. It seems inevitable that some of the rhymes and the other formal features must be sacrificed to the need to reproduce the "feel" of Tyutchev's often amazing lyrics. Frank Jude has trod this tightrope with great sureness and Tyutchev's distinctive style remains largely unsacrificed. Because he has known and loved the Master for so long, his translations have become consonant with the original poems. In this way they fill a real lacuna. For this collection is the first accurate translation in bulk by a British author. Its only forerunner was Charles Tomlinson's slim volume of 1960. This contained poems of great distinction by an eminent poet, but there was more of Tomlinson in them than Tyutchev. What is more, Frank Jude has translated more poems than any other author, several for the first time into English, including some of the much neglected political pieces. This book has been interestingly illustrated by Shaheen Razvi. Certain of the illustrations do not present the poems in the way in which some people might have visualised them, but they are nevertheless a bold break with the pretty-pretty presentation of anthological pieces hitherto dominant. All in all, I believe that Frank Jude's book is essential reading for students and other readers of Russian poetry and is to be warmly recommended. R. Lane University of Durham, England February, 1983 FOREWORD TO THIS EDITION Since R. Lane wrote his Foreword in 1983, only one edition of "quality" translations of Tyutchev has appeared till now, Anatoly Liberman's versions of 181 of the poems published in 1991. In calling them "quality" translations, I make a deliberate value judgement, for his is not the only edition of selected poems to have appeared. There are too many gaps in published Tyutchev scholarship for any one researcher to deal with. The present book is intended to be the first of several of various lengths and formats which I wish to produce as time allows and whose overall aim is to fill some of these gaps. I shall also continue to work at the translations of the poems. I am all too aware of the defects of several of my versions, although I hope they are at least accurately rendered, even if they do little justice to Tyutchev. Very little has been published in English about his personal letters. There has been no serious attempt to translate them in bulk, possibly because the task would be monumental. A satisfactory Russian version of all the poems has yet to appear. Russian editors still tend to favour splitting up the poems according to relative quality, a very subjective business, to say the least. A study of Tyutchev in the letters and memoirs of others would prove illuminating. His family, in particular two of his daughters, Anna and Ekaterina, deserve attention in their own right. Studies carried out by Russian scholars during the late nineteenth century and the Soviet period, culminating in Pigaryov's Lirika edition and his book on the poet's life and work, Gregg's study of the life and poetry, and Lane's extensive research, represented by numerous articles, some of his contributions published in Literaturnoe nasledstvo (1988-89), now, it seems to me, need drawing together with the many other smaller contributions of the past twenty or thirty years into a single, new book in English on the writer, a thorough, critical re-appraisal of his work. Such a task will be for a new Tyutchev scholar of energy. Frank Jude Durham, England January, 2000 CONTENTS Foreword by R.C. Lane to the 1983 edition vi Foreword to this edition vii Contents 8 Preface 26 Note on transliteration 34 Acknowledgements 35 Introduction 36 The Poems 53 Notes 237 Selective Bibliography CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF TYUTCHEV'S POEMS The title/first line of a known translation and the author's name are given after the English title/first line. Some titles are in French or Latin. Where the first line is given in French, the poem was written in French. Italics are used for the first line of each untitled poem. Where the title is a proper name identical in the languages in question, it is given once only (e.g. Sakontala). Title/first line Page 1. Lyubeznomu papen'ke 53 Dear Dad! 2. Na novyi 1816 god 53 New Year 1816 3. Dvum druz'yam 54 To Two Friends 4. Puskai ot zavisti serdtsa zoilov noyut 55 Let envy gnaw Zoilus's heart 5. Poslanie Goratsiya k Metsenatu, v kotorom priglashaet ego k 55 sel'skomu obedu A Letter from Horace to Mecenatus Inviting him to Dinner in the Country Tyrrhena progenies, tibi (Horace) 6. Vsesilen ya i vmeste rab 57 Omnipotent am I while weak 7. Uraniya 57 Urania 8. Nevernye preodolev puchiny 61 Inconstant, watery gulfs finally behind him 9. K ode Pushkina na Vol'nost' 61 On Pushkin's Ode to Freedom 10. Kharon i Kachenovsky 62 Charon and Kachenovsky 11. Odinochestvo 62 Solitude L'Isolement (Lamartine) 12. Vesna (Posvyashchaetsya druz'yam) 63 Spring (Dedicated to my Friends) 13. A.N.M. 64 14. Gektor i Andromakha 64 Hector and Andromache Hektor und Andromacha (Schiller) 15. Na kamen' zhizni rokovoi 65 Along the fateful shore of life 16. "Ne dai nam dukhu prazdnoslov'ya!" 65 "Do not endow us with the spirit of idle gossip!" 17. Protivnikam vina 66 (Yako i vino veselit serdtse cheloveka) To Wine's Detractors (For wine, indeed, brings joy to man's heart) 18. Poslanie k A.V. Sheremetevu 67 An Epistle to A.V. Sheremetev 19. Pesn' Radosti 67 Song of Joy An die Freude (Schiller) 20. Slyozy 70 Tears 21. S chuzhoi storony 70 From a Foreign Land Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam 22. Drug, otkroisya predo mnoyu 71 Be open with me, my love Libeste, sollst mir heute sagen (Heine) 23. Druz'yam pri posylke Pesni Radosti - iz Shillera 71 To My Friends (On Sending them Schiller's "Song of Joy") 24. K N. 72 To N. 25. K Nise 72 To Nisa. 26. Pesn' skandinavskikh voinov 72 The Song of the Norse Warriors Morgengesang im Kriege (Herder) 27. Problesk 73 The Gleam 28. V al'bom druz'yam 74 In an Album for my Friends Lines written in an Album at Malta (Byron) 29. Sakontala (Kalidasa/Goethe) 74 30. 14-oe dekabrya 1825 75 December 14th. 1825 31. Zakralas' v serdtse grust', - i smutno 75 Sadness stole into my heart and I vaguely Das Herz ist mir bedruckt, und sehnlich (Heine) 32. Voprosy 75 Questions 33. Korablekrushenie 76 The Shipwrecked Man Der Schiffbruchige (Heine) 34. Kak poroyu svetlyi mesyats 77 As the bright moon sometimes Wie der Mond sich leuchtend dranget (Heine) 35. Privetstvie dukha 77 The Spirit's Greeting Geistesgruss (Goethe) 36. i Kto s khlebom slyoz svoikh ne el 78 He who has not eaten tears with his bread Wer nie sein Brot mit Tranen a? ii Kto khochet miru chuzhdym byt' He who would be a stranger in the world Wer sich der Einsamkeit ergiebt (Goethe) 37. Zapad, Nord i Yug v krushen'e 78 Hegira Hegire (Goethe) 38. Vesennyaya groza 80 A Spring Storm 39. Mogila Napoleona 80 Napoleon's Tomb 40. Cache-Cache 80 Hide and Seek 41. Letnii vecher 81 A Summer Evening 42. Olegov shchit 81 Oleg's Shield 43. Videnie 82 A Vision 44. Bairon 82 Byron Totenkranze (Zedlitz) 45. Sredstvo i tsel' 86 The Means and the End 46. Imperatoru Nikolayu I 86 To the Emperor Nicholas I Nicolaus das ist der Volksbesieger (Ludwig I of Bavaria) 47. Bessonnitsa 87 Insomnia 48. Utro v gorakh 88 Morning in the Mountains 49. Snezhnye gory 88 Snowy Mountains 50. Poslednii kataklizm 88 The Final Cataclysm 51. K N.N. 88 To N.N. 52. Eshchyo shumel vesyolyi den' 89 The happy day was loud 53. Vecher 89 Evening 54. Polden' 90 Midday 55. Lebed' 90 The Swan 56. "Prekrasnyi budet den", - skazal tovarischch 90 "It's going to be a nice day", my friend said Reisebilder (Heine) 57. Ty zrel ego v krugu bol'shogo sveta 92 You saw him in polite company 58. V tolpe lyudei, v neskromnom shume dnya 92 Among society's gossips 59. i Zvuchit, kak drevle, pred toboyu 92 As in days gone by, before you is heard Die Sonne tont nach alter Weise ii Kto zval menya? - O strashnyi vid! - "Who called me? - "Oh, horrible sight!" Wer ruft mir? - Schreckliches Gesicht! iii Chego vy ot menya khotite? What do you want of me Was sucht ihr, machtig und gelind iv Zachem gubit' v unynii pustom Why destroy in empty depression Doch la? uns dieser Stunde schones Gut v Zavetnyi kubok The Cherished Cup Es war ein Konig in Thule vi Derzhavnyi dukh! Ty dal mne, dal mne vsyo Almighty spirit, you have given me everything, everything Erhabner Geist, du gabst mir, gabst mir alles (Goethe) 60. Vysokogo predchuvstviya 96 Lofty presentiment's Il cinque maggio (Manzoni) 61. Edva my vyshli iz tresenskikh vrat 97 We had just left the gates of Trezene A peine nous sortions des portes de Trezene (Racine) 62. Nochnye mysli 99 Night Thoughts Nachtgedanken (Goethe) 63. i lyubovniki, bezumtsy i poety 99 Lovers, madmen and poets ii Zarevel golodnyi lev The hungry lion has begun to roar (Shakespeare) 64. Kak okean ob''emlet shar zemnoi 100 Just as the ocean curls around earth's shores 65. Velikii Karl, prosti! - Velikii, nezabvennyi! 100 Forgive me, Great Charles! Great, unforgotten! Hernani (Hugo) HeHH 66. Kon' morskoi 102 The Sea Horse 67. Pevets 102 The Singer Der Sanger (Goethe) 68. Zdes', gde tak vyalo svod nebesnyi 103 Here the sky stares inert 69. Uspokoenie (Groza proshla - eshchyo kuryas', lezhal) 104 Peace (The storm has passed) 70. Dvum syostram 104 To Two Sisters 71. Sei den', ya pomnyu 104 I recall that day 72. Tsitseron 104 Cicero 73. Osennii vecher 105 An Autumn Evening 74. List'ya 105 Leaves 75. Cherez livonskie ya proezzhal polya 106 Crossing Livonian fields 76. Pesok sypuchii po koleni 106 Sand gives softly. Hooves sink. 77. Strannik 106 The Wanderer 78. Bezumie 107 Madness 79. Al'py 107 The Alps 80. Mal'aria 108 Infected Air 81. Za nashim vekom my idyom 108 We walk behind our age 82. Vesennie vody 108 Vernal Waters 83. Silentium! 108 Stay Silent! 84. Kak nad goryacheyu zoloi 109 As a piece of paper 85. K*** (Usta s ulybkoyu privetnoi) 109 To... (Lips with a smile of greeting) 86. Kak doch' rodnuyu na zaklan'e 110 Just as Agamenon brought his daughter 87. Vsyo beshenei burya, vsyo zlee i zlei 110 The storm howls more evilly, screaming its spite 88. Vesennee uspokoenie 111 Peace in Springtime Fruhlingsruhe (Uhland) 89. Na dreve chelovechestva vysokom 111 You were the best leaf 90. Dva demona emu sluzhili 111 Two demons served him 91. Probleme 112 A Problem 92. Son na more 112 A Dream at Sea 93. Prishlosya konchit' zhizn' v ovrage 113 I'm ending my days in a ditch 94. Arfa skal'da 114 The Skald's Harp 95. Ya lyuteran lyublyu bogosluzhen'e 114 I like the service of the Lutherans 96. V kotoruyu iz dvukh lyubit'sya 114 With which of the two has fate decreed In welche soll ich mich verlieben (Heine) 97. Iz kraya v krai, iz grada v grad 115 From land to land, from town to town Es treibt dich fort von Ort zu Ort (Heine) 98. Ya pomnyu vremya zolotoe 115 I remember a golden time 99. Dusha moya - elisium tenei 116 My soul, you're an Elysium of shades 100. Kak sladko dremlet sad temnozelyonyi 116 How sweetly sleep lies on the green garden 101. Net, moego k tebe pristrast'ya 117 No, Mother-Earth, my tenderness for you 102. V dushnom vozdukha molchan'e 117 Silent air enwrapping 103. Chto ty klonish' nad vodami 118 Willow, why do you lower 104. Vecher mglistyi i nenastnyi 118 Foul night, misty night 105. I grob opushchen uzh v mogilu 118 Into the grave the coffin's lowered 106. Vostok belel. Lad'ya katilas' 118 The east whitened. 107. Teni sizye smesilis' 119 Blue-grey mingling 108. S polyany korshun podnyalsya 119 The kite lifts from the field 109. Kakoe dikoe ushchel'e 120 What a wild ravine! 110. Kak ptichka, ranneyu zaryoi 120 The whole world starts as sunlight streams 111. Tam, gde gory, ubegaya 120 Far into the shining distance 112. Nad vinogradnymi kholmami 121 Across vine-covered hillsides 113. O chyom ty voesh', vetr nochnoi? 122 Why do you howl, night wind? 114. Potok sgustilsya i tuskneet 122 The stream has frozen and dulled 115. Sizhu zadumchiv i odin 122 I sit deep in thought and alone 116. Eshchyo zemli pechalen vid 123 Earth's face is still a melancholy thing 117. Zima nedarom zlitsya 123 Winter's spite is vain 118. Yarkii sneg siyal v doline 124 Brilliant snow shone in the valley 119. Fontan 124 The Fountain 120. Dusha khotela b byt' zvezdoi 124 My soul would like to be a star 121. Ne to, chto mnite vy priroda 125 Nature is not what you think it is 122. I chuvstva net v tvoikh ochakh 125 There's not a spark of feeling in your eyes 123. Lyublyu glaza tvoi, moi drug 125 I love your eyes, dear 124. Vchera, v mechtakh obvorozhyonnykh 126 Last night in enchanted dreams 125. 29-oe yanvarya 1837 126 January 29th. 1837 126. 1-oe dekabrya 1837 127 December 1st. 1837 127. Ital'yanskaya villa 127 The Italian Villa 128. Davno l', davno l', o Yug blazhennyi 128 Is it so long, blessed, blissful South 129. S kakoyu negoyu, s kakoi toskoi vlyublyonnoi 128 What gentle, tender joy, what enamoured pangs 130. Nous avons pu, tous deux, fatigues du voyage 129 Tired by travel, we made 131. Smotri, kak zapad razgorelsya 129 Watch the West flaming up 132. Vesna (Kak ni gnetyot ruka sud'biny) 129 Spring (No matter how oppressive the hand of fate) 133. Den' i noch' 130 Day and Night 134. Ne ver', ne ver' poetu, deva 130 Don't believe the poet, girl! 135. Zhivym sochuvstviem priveta 131 With a lively, sympathetic greeting 136. K Ganke 132 To Hanka 137. Znamya i Slovo 133 The Banner and the Word 138. Ot russkogo, po prochtenii otryvkov lektsii g-na 133 139. Mitskevicha From a Russian, Having Read Extracts from Mr. Mickiewicz's Lectures 139. Que l'homme est peu reel, qu'aisement il s'efface! 134 Unreal man's so simple to efface 140. Glyadel ya, stoya nad Nevoi 134 I stood by the Neva, my gaze 141. Kolumb 134 Columbus 142. Un Reve 135 A Reverie 143. More i Utyos 136 The Sea and the Cliff 144. Un ciel lourd que la nuit bien avant l'heure assiege 136 A heavy sky which night has prematurely assailed 145. Eshchyo tomlyus' toskoi zhelanii 137 Longing, desires still ravage 146. Ne znaesh', chto lestnei dlya mudrosti lyudskoi 137 By which can human wisdom more surely be enhanced 147. Kak dymnyi stolp svetleet v vyshine 137 A cloud bank, bright and high 148. Russkoi zhenshchine 137 To Russian Woman 149. Russkaya Geografiya 137 A Russian Geography 150. Svyataya noch' na nebosklon vzoshla 138 Holy night has climbed across the sky 151. Neokhotno i nesmelo 138 Timidly, unwillingly 152. Itak, opyat' uvidelsya ya s vami 138 So once again we meet 153. Tikhoi noch'yu, pozdnim letom 139 Quiet evening, late in summer 154. Kogda v krugu ubiistvennykh zabot 139 When clinging, murderous cares 155. Slyozy lyudskie, o slyozy lyudskie 139 Tears of people, tears of people 156. Pochtenneishemu imeninniku Filippu Filippovichu Vigelyu 140 To the Most Honourable Filipp Filippovich Vigel 157. Po ravnine vod lazurnoi 140 Across an azure plain of water 158. Rassvet 140 Daybreak 159. Vnov' tvoi ya vizhu ochi 141 Once again I see your eyes 160. Kak on lyubil rodnye eli 141 How he loved the native firs 161. Lamartine (La lyre d'Apollon, cet oracle des dieux) 142 Lamartine (Apollo's lyre, oracle of the gods) 162. Napoleon 142 163. Comme en aimant le coeur devient pusillanime 143 The heart in love cowers 164. Poeziya 143 Poetry 165. Rim noch'yu 143 Rome at night 166. Venetsiya 143 Venice 167. Konchen pir, umolkli khory 144 Feating finished, choirs quiet 168. Prorochestvo 144 A Prophecy 169. Uzh tretii god besnuyutsya yazyki 145 For the third year now, the tribes have run amok 170. Net, karlik moi! trus besprimernyi 145 Your cowardice can't be measured, you dwarf! 171. Poshli, Gospod', svoyu otradu 146 Lord, send your comfort 172. Na Neve 146 On the Neva 173. Kak ni dyshit polden' znoinyi 147 Midday breathes its hottest 174. Ne rassuzhdai, ne khlopochi! 147 Forget all cares, don't reason deep 175. Pod dykhan'em nepogody 147 Swelling, darkening waters 176. Vous dont on voit briller, dans les nuits azurees 148 Unsullied gods of light 177. Obveyan veshcheyu dremotoi 148 Prophetic sleep enfolds 178. Grafine E.P. Rostopchinoi (V otvet na eyo pis'mo) 148 To Countess E.P. Rostopchina (In Reply to her Letter) 179. Dva golosa 149 Two Voices 180. Togda lish' v polnom torzhestve 149 The desired structure 181. Pominki 150 The Wake 182. Smotri, kak na rechnom prostore 153 Across the river's broad expanse you see 183. O, kak ubiistvenno my lyubim! 154 How we murder while we love! 184. Des premiers ans de votre vie 155 How I love to find again the source 185. Ne znayu ya, kosnyotsya l' blagodat' 155 I don't know whether grace will touch 186. Pervyi list 155 The First Leaf 187. Ne raz ty slyshala priznan'e 156 You've often heard the admission 188. Nash vek 156 Our Age 189. Volna i duma 156 The Wave and the Thought 190. Ne ostyvshaya ot znoyu 156 Heat has not congealed 191. V razluke est' vysokoe znachen'e 157 Separation has this lofty meaning 192. Ty znaesh' krai, gde mirt i lavr rastyot 157 Do you know the land where the myrtle and laurel bloom Kennst du das land, wo die Zitronen bluhn (Goethe) 157 193. Den' vechereet, noch' blizka 157 Day turns to evening. Night approaches. 194. Kak vesel grokhot letnikh bur' 158 Summer thunder's a happy ogre 195. S ozera veet prokhlada i nega 158 Coolness and comfort waft up from the lake Es lachelt der See, er ladet zum Bade 196. Nedarom miloserdym Bogom 158 Not in vain has the gracious God 197. Predopredelenie 159 Predestination 198. Ne govori: menya on, kak i prezhde, lyubit 159 Don't say he loves me as he used to 199. O, ne trevozh' menya ukoroi spravedlivoi 160 200. Chemu molilas' ty s lyubov'yu 160 What you guarded in your heart 201. Ya ochi znal - o eti ochi! 161 I knew a pair of eyes. Oh, what a sight! 202. Bliznetsy 161 The Twins 203. Ty, volna moya morskaya 161 Ocean-waves 204. Pamyati V.A. Zhukovskogo 162 To the Memory of V.A. Zhukovsky 205. Siyaet solntse, vody bleshchut 163 The sun is shining, waters glisten 206. Charodeikoyu zimoyu 163 The forest is entranced 207. Poslednyaya lyubov' 163 Last Love HonhHd 208. Neman 164 The Nieman 209. Spiriticheskoe predskazanie 165 A Spiritualistic Prediction 210. A.S. Dolgorukoi 165 To A.S. Dolgorukaya 211. Leto 1854 165 Summer 1854 212. Uvy, chto nashego neznan'ya 165 What is more impotent and sad 213. Teper' tebe ne do stikhov 165 You're not in the mood for verses 214. De son crayon inimitable 166 To merit one word, one comma, one full stop 215. Po sluchayu priezda avstriiskogo ertsgertsoga na 166 Pokhorony imperatora Nikolaya On the Occasion of the Arrival of the Austrian Archduke at the Funeral of the Emperor Nicholas. 216. Plamya rdeet, plamya pyshet 166 Redness. Flaring. 217. Tak, v zhizni est' mgnoven'ya 167 In life there are moments you cannot convey 218. Eti bednye selen'ya 167 These poor villages, this sorry nature! 219. Vot ot morya i do morya 167 From sea to sea the wire goes 220. Grafine Rostopchinoi (O, v eti dni - dni rokovye) 168 To Countess Rostopchina (Oh, in these days, these fateful days) 221. 1856 (Stoim my slepo pred sud'boyu) 168 1856 (Blindly we face fate) 222. O veshchaya dusha moya! 168 Oh, my prophetic soul! 223. Molchi, proshu, ne smei menya budit' 169 Be quiet, please! Don't dare wake me! 224. Oui, le sommeil m'est doux! plus doux de n'etre pas! 169 Yes, sleep is sweet, but it's sweeter not to have been! 225. Ne Bogu ty sluzhil i ne Rossii 169 To serve God and Russia was never your intention 226. Tomu, kto s veroi i lyubov'yu 169 For him who served his native land 227. Vsyo, chto sberech' mne udalos' 169 What I've managed to keep alive 228. Il faut qu'une porte 170 A door should be open or closed 229. N.F. Shcherbine 170 To N.F. Shcherbina 230. S vremenshchikom Fortuna v spore 170 Fortune had an argument with a favourite Das Gluck und die Weisheit (Schiller) 231. Prekrasnyi den' ego na Zapade ischez 170 His fine day has disappeared in the West 232. Nad etoi tyomnoyu tolpoi 170 Above this ignorant crowd 233. Est' v oseni pervonachal'noi 171 There is a fleeting, wondrous moment 234. Smotri, kak roshcha zeleneet 171 Look at the coppice! 235. Kogda os'mnadtsat' let tvoi 172 When your eighteen years 236. E.N. Annenkovoi (D'une fille du nord, chetive et 172 languissante) To E.N. Annenkova (Are you trying to borrow the features) 237. V chasy, kogda byvaet 172 At times when there is 238. Ona sidela na polu 173 She was sitting on the floor 239. Uspoloenie (Kogda, chto zvali my svoim) 173 Peace (When what we called our own) 240. Osennei pozdneyu poroyu 174 Late in autumn 241. Na vozvratnom puti 174 On the Journey Home 242. Est mnogo melkikh, bezymyannykh 175 There are many tiny, unnamed 243. Pour sa Majeste l'Imperatrice 176 For her Imperial Majesty 244. Pour Madame la Grande Duchesse Helene 176 For Grand Duchess Helen 245. Dekabr'skoe utro 176 A December Morning 246. E.N. Annenkovoi (I v nashei zhizni povsdnevnoi) 176 To E.N. Annenkova (Into daily life) 247. Iz Yakoba Byome 177 From Jacob Bohme 248. Kuda somnitelen mne tvoi 177 "Sceptical" sums up the way I feel 249. Prokhodya svoi put' po svodu 177 Tracing its path across the sky 250. De ces frimas, de ces deserts 177 From these empty lands, from this wintry weather 251. Memento! 177 Remember! 252. Khot' ya i svil gnezdo v doline 178 I have built my nest in a valley 253. La vieille Hecube, helas, trop longtemps eprouvee 178 Old Hecuba, alas, so long so sorely tried 254. Na yubilei knyazya Petra Andreevicha Vyazemskogo 179 On the Occasion of Prince Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky's Jubilee 255. Kogda-to ya byla maiorom 180 Once I was a major, many years ago 256. Aleksandru II 180 To Alexander II 257. Ya znal eyo eshchyo togda 180 I knew her even then 258. Nedarom russkie ty s detstva pomnil zvuki 181 Not for nothing have your remembered the sounds 259. Knyazyu P.A. Vyazemskomu (Teper' ne to, chto za 181 polgoda) To Prince P.A. Vyazemsky (It's not the same now as it was six months back) 260. Igrai, pokuda nad toboi 181 Play while above you 261. Pri posylke Novogo Zaveta 182 On Sending the New Testament 262. Oboim Nikolayam 182 To Both Nicholases 263. On prezhde mirnyi byl kazak 182 He used to be a gentle cossack 264. A.A. Fetu 182 To A.A. Fet 265. Inym dostalsya ot prirody 183 Nature has endowed some with a sense 266. Svyatye gory 183 The Sacred Mountains 267. Zateyu etogo rasskaza 184 For itself this story speaks 268. Uzhasnyi son otyagotel nad nami 184 We've been burdened by a horrible dream 269. Ego svetlosti A.A. Suvorovu 184 To his Grace Prince A.A. Suvorov 270. Kak letnei inogda poroyu 185 Just as now and then during summer 271. N.I. Krolyu 186 To N.I. Krol' 272. 19-oe fevralya 1864 (i tikhimi poslednimi shagami) 186 February 19th. 1864 (With his last quiet steps) 273. Ne vsyo dushe boleznennoe snitsya 187 Not always does the soul have sickly dreams 274. Utikhla biza.... Legche dyshit 187 the breeze has dropped and lighter is the breath 275. Ves' den' ona lezhala v zabyt'I 187 All day she lay oblivious 276. Kak nerazgadannaya taina 187 Like an unresolved mystery 277. O, etot Yug, o, eta Nitstsa! 188 Oh, this south, oh, this Nice! 278. Kto b ni byl ty, no vstretyas' s nei 188 No matter who you are, just meeting her 279. Encyclica 188 An Encyclical 280. Knyazyu Gorchakovu (vam vypalo prizvan'e rokovoe) 188 To Prince Gorchakov (Yours has been a fateful calling) 281. Kak khorosho ty, o more nochnoe 189 Ocean-billows, night-surging 282. Kogda na to net Bozh'ego soglas'ya 189 When god has deferred assent 283. Otvet na adres 189 In Reply to an Address 284. Est' i v moyom stradal'cheskom zastoe 190 In the martyrdom of my stagnation 285. On, umiraya, somnevalsya 190 Dying, he doubted 286. Syn tsarskii umiraet v Nitstse 191 In Nice the tsar's son is dying 287. 12-oe aprelya 1865 191 April 12th. 1865 288. Kak verno zdravyi smysl naroda 192 How truly has the common sense of folk 289. Pevuchest' est' v morskikh volnakh 192 The sea is harmony 290. Drugu moemu Ya. P. Polonskomu 193 To my Friend, Ya. P. Polonsky 291. Veleli vy - khot', mozhet byt', i v shutku 193 You commanded, though, perhaps, in jest 292. Knyazyu Vyazemskomu (Est' telegraf za neimen'em nog) 193 To Prince Vyazemsky (There's the telegraph if you've go no legs) 293. Bednyi Lazar', Ir ubogoi 193 Poor Lazarus, wretched Iros 294. Segodnya, drug, pyatnadtsat' let minulo 193 It's fifteen years today, my friend 295. Molchit somnitel'no Vostok 194 The East is doubtful, silent 296. Nakanune godovshchiny 4-ogo avgusta 1864 g. 194 On the Eve of the Anniversary of August 4th. 1864 297. Kak neozhidanno i yarko 194 Unexpectedly and brightly 298. Nochnoe nebo tak ugryumo 195 Sad night creeps 299. Net dnya, chtoby dusha ne nyla 195 Not a day relievs the soul of pain 300. Kak ni besilosya zlorech'e 195 Let foul slander rage 301. Grafine A.D. Bludovoi 196 To Countess A.D. Bludova 302. Tak! On spasyon! Inache byt' ne mozhet 196 So he's saved! Could it turn out otherwise? 303. Kogda sochuvstvenno na nashe slovo 196 When what we have said is echoed far and wide 304. Knyazyu Suvorovu (Dva raznorodnye stremlen'ya) 196 To Prince Suvorov (Two disparate tendencies) 305. I v Bozh'em mire to zh byvaet 197 In God's world it can happen 306. Kogda rasstroennyi kredit 197 When our disordered exchequer 307. Tikho v ozere struitsya 197 Lake's still currents 308. Na grobovoi ego pokrov 197 On his funeral pall 309. Kogda dryakhleyushchie sily 197 When our decrepit energies turn traitor 310. Nebo blednogoluboe 198 The pale-blue sky 311. Umom Rossiyu ne ponyat' 199 Russia is a thing of which 312. Na yubilei N.M. Karamzin 199 On the Jubilee of N.M. Karamzin 313. Ty l'dolgo budesh' za tumanom 200 Russian star, will you always seek 314. V Rime 200 In Rome 315. Khotya b ona soshla s litsa zemnogo 201 Although it has slipped from the face of the earth 316. Ne v pervyi raz volnuetsya Vostok 201 It's not the first time the East has been in turmoil. 317. Nad Rossiei rasprostyortoi 201 318. Kak etogo posmertnogo al'boma 201 How I love the cherished pages 319. I dym otechestva i sladok i priyaten 202 The smoke of the fatherland is sweet to smell! 320. Dym 202 Smoke 321. Slavyanam (Privet vam zadushevnyi, brat'ya) 203 To the Slavs (A heartfelt greeting to you, brethren) 322. Slavyanam (Oni krichat, oni grozyatsya) 204 To the Slavs (They shout, they threaten) 323. Pripiska 205 Postscript to the Poem Entitled To Hanka 324. Naprasnyi trud - net, ikh ne vrazumish' 206 It's a waste of time. You'll not make them see sense 325. Na yubilei knyazya A.N. Gorchakova 206 On the Jubilee of Prince A.N. Gorchakov 326. Lorsqu'un noble prince en ces jours de demence 206 In these days of madness, if a noble prince sinks 327. Kak ni tyazhyol poslednii chas 206 However burdensome the end 328. Svershaetsya zasluzhennaya kara 207 A righteous punishment is being meted out 329. Po prochtenii depesh imperatorskogo kabineta, 207 napechatannykh v "Journal de St. Petersbourg" On Reading the Imperial Despatches, Printed in the Journal de St. Petersbourg 330. Opyat, stoyu ya nad Nevoi 207 Once more by the Neva I stand 331. Pozhary 208 Fires 332. V nebe tayut oblaka 208 Clouds melt in the sky 333. Mikhailu Petrovichu Pogodinu 209 To Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin 334. Pamyati E.P. Kovalevskogo 209 In Memory of E.P. Kovalevsky 335. Pechati russkoi dobrokhoty 209 The well-wishers of the Russian Press 336. Motiv Geine 210 A Heine Motif Der Tod, das ist die kuhle Nacht (Heine) 337. Vy ne rodilus' polyakom 210 You weren't born a Pole 338. "Net, ne mogu ya videt vas...." 210 339. Velikii den' Kirillovoi konchiny 211 With which heartfelt, simple greeting 340. Nam ne dano predugadat' 211 It's not given us to foretell 341. Dve sily est' - dve rokovye sily 211 There are two powers, two fateful powers 342. 11-oe maya 1869 (Nas vsekh, sobravshikhsya na obshchii 212 prazdnik snova) May 11th. 1869 (The word of the Gospel has now taugh us all) 343. Kak nasazhdeniya Petrova 212 Just as the trees 344. O.I. Orlovoi-Davydovoi 213 To O.I. Orlova-Davydova 345. Andreyu Nikolaevichu Murav'yovu (Tam, gde na vysote 213 obryva) To Andrei Nikolaevich Murav'yov (There, on the summit of an overhang) 346. V derevne 213 In the Country 347. Priroda - sfinks. I tem ona vernei 213 Nature is a sphinx. 348. Chekham ot moskovskikh slavyan 215 To the Czechs from the Moscow Slavs 349. Kak nas ni ugnetai razluka 216 No matter how we're crushed by separation 350. Sovremennoe 216 Today's News 351. A.F. Gil'ferdingu 218 To A.F. Hilferding 352. Yu. F. Abaze 219 To Yu F. Abaza 353. Krasnorechivuyu, zhivuyu 219 I read my rebuke 354. Tak providenie sudilo 219 Thus has providence judged 355. Radost' i gore v zhivom upoen'e 219 Joy and grief in living ecstasy Freudvoll (Goethe) 356. Gus na kostre 220 Hus at the Stake 357. Nad russkoi Vil'noi starodavnoi 221 Over ancient, Russian Vilnius 358. K.B. 221 359. Doekhal ispravno, ustalyi i tselyi 222 Tired and in one piece, I got here on time 360. Dva edinstva 222 Two Unities 361. Velen'yu vyshemy pokorny 222 Submissive to a high command 362. Chemu by zhizn' nas ni uchila 222 Whatever life might have taught us 363. Da, vy derzhali vashe slovo 223 Yes, you have kept your word 364. Ah, quelle meprise 224 I'm bewildered and let me say 365. Brat, stol'ko let soputsvovavshii mne 224 Brother, you have been with me so long 366. S novym godom, s novym schast'em 224 Happy New Year, all the best 367. Davno izvestnaya vsem dura 224 A fool we've known for ages 368. Vprosonkakh slyshu ya - i ne mogu 224 I'm half asleep and I can't 369. Chyornoe more 224 The Black Sea 370. Vatikanskaya godovshchina 226 The Vatican's Anniversary 371. Ot zhizni toi, chto bushevala zdes' 226 Of the life that raged here 372. Vrag otritsatel'nosti uzkoi 227 Enemy of narrow negativity 373. Pamyati M.K. Politkovskoi 227 To the Memory of M.K. Politkovskii 374. Den' pravoslavnogo Vostoka 228 On this day of the Orthodox East 375. Mir i soglas'e mezhdu nas 229 There's peace and harmony between us 376. Kak bestolkovy chisla eti 229 These dates are so illogical! 377. Tut tselyi mir, zhivoi, raznoobraznyi 229 Here's a whole world, living, varied 378. Chertog tvoi, spasitel', ya vizhu ukrashen 229 Saviour, I see your mansion decked out 379. Khotel by ya, chtoby v svoei mogile 229 In my grave I'd love to lie 380. Napoleon III 229 381. Tebe, bolyashchaya v dalyokoi storone 230 To you, ill in a distant land 382. Britanskii leopard 231 The British Leopard 383. Konechno, vredno pol'zam gosudarstva 232 Of course, it is harmful to the wellbeing of the state 384. Vo dni napastei i bedy 232 In days of misfortune and trouble 385. Vsyo otnyal ot menya kaznyashchii Bog 232 In punishment, God's taken everything away 386. Ital'yanskaya vesna 233 Spring in Italy 387. My solntsu yuga ustupaem vas 233 We surrender you to the sun of the south. 388. Vot svezhie tebe svety 233 Here are some fresh blooms for you 389. April 17th. 1818 233 390. Imperatoru Aleksandru II 234 To his Imperial Majesty Alexander II 391. Bessonnitsa (nochnoi moment) 235 Insomnia (A Moment at Night) 392. Khot' rodom on byl ne Slavyanin 235 Although he wasn't born a Slav 393. Byvaet rokovye dni 235 Fate Sends Days PREFACE This book has two principal objectives: (a) to provide, for the first time in English, an annotated version of all of Tyutchev's surviving poems, including his translations of other writers, which will be of use to the student of Russian, the Tyutchev researcher and anyone involved in the field of literary translation; (b) to serve as the first ever attempt to introduce Tyutchev the poet in full to the reader of literature who knows no Russian. Most of the annotations deal with history, literary and political. I have incorporated almost all the notes from Pigaryov's edition, (A:33ii) (1) which are a summary of many people's findings, references to Aksakov's biography and extracts from Tyutchev's letters, as well as including comments by many researchers and myself. The full version and my translation of every identifiable surviving foreign work Tyutchev translated permits readers to consider why he may have chosen particular material for translation in the first place and why he retained its sense or altered it as he did. My versions and, indeed, any translations necessarily afford only an approximate idea of this. The way he dealt with the work of others is in itself a fascinating feature of any research into the poet, for Tyutchev was not always a faithful translator. While certain of these works are very good renditions indeed, others do not pretend to adhere to the sense of the source poem. It is difficult to regard Pesn' skandinavskikh voinov/The Song of the Norse Warriors as a translation of Herder's Morgengesang im Kriege/Morning Song i