pereklyuchatel' kirilicy vstroennyj s razdachi, raskladka jcuken pereklyuchatel' zadaetsya v /etc/X11/XFconfig Section "Keyboard" # XkbDisable Protocol "Standard" XkbRules "xfree86" XkbModel "pc101" XkbLayout "us" XkbOptions "grp:shift_toggle" EndSection Varianty pereklyuchatelej: grp Group Shift/Lock behavior grp:switch R-Alt switches group while pressed grp:toggle Right Alt key changes group grp:shift_toggle Both Shift keys together change group grp:ctrl_shift_toggle Control+Shift changes group grp:ctrl_alt_toggle Alt+Control changes group &dDPodklyuchenie russkoj klaviatury v OpenWindows na SUN&d@ Voz'mite fajl s raskladkoj dlya SUNa (naprimer u menya), pomestite v svoem domashnem kataloge pod imenem .keytable i zapustite openwin. Pereklyuchatel' rus/lat - klavisha pravyj AltGraph &dDPodklyuchenie russkoj klaviatury v DT/CDE HP-UX&d@ keymap_ed -i 1101 &dDCHtob bash vosprinimal russkie bukvy s klaviatury&d@ Vpisat' v $HOME/.inputrc stroki set meta-flag on set convert-meta off set output-meta on Ili vpisat' v .profile stroki LC_CTYPE=iso_8859_1 export LC_CTYPE LC_LOCALE=iso_8859_1 export LC_LOCALE LESS="-e -r" export LESS # chtob less pokazyval russkie bukvy &dDGde vse lezhit&d@ Sm. katalog rusifikacii ˇ ../CYRILLIC/ &dDEsli chto-to ne poluchilos'.&d@ 1. Esli u vas Solaris 2.3, to: Vo vseh "rodnyh" (kotorye ne X11) Sun'ovskih programmah russkih bukv ne budet. Kak to: textedit, cmdtool, mailtool 2. Postav'te svezhij Solaris 2.5 ili 2.4. Esli ne mozhete, to ispol'zujte vmesto nih emacs, xterm, xedit. 3. Ili razbirajtes' samostoyatel'no s takimi ponyatiyami kak ctype, LC_LOCALE, LC_CTYPE, -lc_basic_locale , NLS, and so on. hotya vse zhe mozhete poprobovat': LC_LOCALE=iso_8859_1 export LC_LOCALE LC_CTYPE=iso_8859_1 export LC_CTYPE LANG=iso_8859_1 export LANG &dDRusifikaciya Netscape&d@ V Netscape 3 uzhe realizovan encoding koi8-r. Dostatochno ustanovit' komplekt fontov koi8-r (zaaliasennye as iso8859-1), i vindovskie, zaaliasennye as Family (Mswin)-*-iso8859-1 A zatem vybrat' Document encoding koi8-r i postavit' dlya nego russkie fonty. &dDCHtob otpravlyaemaya pochta uhodila s polem charset=koi8-r&d@ Vstavit' v .Xdefaults strochki: Netscape*defaultCharset: koi8-r Netscape*localeCharset*C: koi8-r Netscape*localeCharset*koi8-r: koi8-r Netscape*localeCharset*koi8-u: koi8-r Netscape*localeCharset*ru: koi8-r Netscape*localeCharset*ru_SU: koi8-r Netscape*localeCharset*ru_SU.KOI8-R: koi8-r &dDA eshche ya umeyu rusificirovat', no ne napisal instrukcii:&d@ Sistemnaya konsol' Linux - podklyuchenie russkih shriftov na ekrane i pereklyuchatelya klaviatury na pravyj ALT. &dDKirilizaciya Applixware&d@ Applixware - ogromnyj (140Mb) offisnyj paket pod Unix (Solaris/AIX/Linux/SCO/...), v kotorom est' vse, chto polagaetsya - vordprocessor, elektronnye tablicy, image-editor, veb-brouzer, html-redaktor, pochtovyj klient i t.d. Pol'zovat'sya im ne sobirayus', mne dostatochno Winword-6 v WABI 2.2b Kirilizaciyu Applixware opisal Viktor Kolosov http://triton.itep.ru/ru/skynet/system.html ˇ http://triton.itep.ru/ru/skynet/system.html > Prostoj i ochevidnyj sposob dobavleniya TTF-shriftov v Applix-e - cherez menyu, > sozhaleniyu, privodit k zametnoj na glaz krivizne bukv pri pechati > (dlya TTF). Poetomu tam opisano kak to zhe samoe sdelat' cherez PostScript. From: Vasilij Egoshin Po-moemu na etoj stranichke vse slishkom slozhno. YA proshche postupil: s pomoshch'yu Applix'ovskogo font-installera prikrutil vindovskie ttf'y i na etom v principe i vse :) I otobrazhaetsya i pechataetsya vse na ura. (Prichem obmen s vordom cherez rtf - bez problem). Edinstvennoe neudobstvo - ttf'y dolzhny byt' paragrafovskie - s yunikodnymi rabotat' ne budet, t.k. tam russkie simvoly nachinayutsya s kodov 400 (vrode by). . &dDPutevoditel' po konfiguracionnym fajlam Unix&d@. Kornevoj katalog "/" bin - katalog naibolee upotrebitel'nyh komand pol'zovatelya. sbin - utility sistemnogo administratora eto vse, chto u nego budet v odnopol'zovatel'skom rezhime dev - "ustrojstva" - special'nye fajly etc - mesto dlya konfiguracionnyh fajlov tmp - katalog vremennyh fajlov - dlya sistemy i dlya pol'zo- vatelej. CHistitsya pri kazhdoj zagruzke. lib - biblioteki i fajly, ispol'zuemye kompilyatorami, raz- delyaemye biblioteki shlib - razdelyaemye biblioteki usr - strashno govorit', no chego tam tol'ko net mnt - "dezhurnyj" katalog, dlya podmontirovaniya fajlovyh sistem var - izmenyaemye konfiguracionnye i sluzhebnye fajly home - zdes' zhivut "usery" export - "eksportiruemye" fajly. V chastnosti, soderzhit fajlovye sistemy dlya bezdiskovyh klientov, montiruyushchih ih po NFS proc - psevdo-fajlovaya sistema otobrazhaet sostoyanie zapushchennyh processov stand - razdel s zagruzochnymi fajlami (unix, kdebug) tftpboot "zagruzchiki" dlya bezdiskovyh klientov unix - yadro operacionnoj sistemy. - obyknovennyj vypolnyaemyj fajl. Vozmozhno, chto lezhit on ne v /, i nazyvaetsya po drugomu (naprimer vmunix, vmlinuz) lost+found - katalog, kuda pri remonte fajlovoj sistemy sklady- vayutsya fajly, "poteryavshie" svoi imena. Katalog /etc - mesto dlya konfiguracionnyh fajlov -------------------------------------------------- passwd zdes' opredeleny vse pol'zovateli shadow ih paroli (v zakodirovannom vide) group gruppy pol'zovatelej aliases sinonimy pochtovyh adresov lokal'nyh pol'zovatelej ftpusers spisok pol'zovatelej, na kotoryh nel'zya ftp-it'sya shells spisok normal'nyh "shell'ov" issue fajl, soderzhimoe kotorogo vydaetsya na ekran pered priglasheniem k vhodu v sistemu. motd fajl, soderzhimoe kotorogo vydaetsya na ekran posle priglasheniya k vhodu v sistemu. ttydefs parametry terminal'nyh linij TIMEZONE fajl s informaciej o chasovom poyase, v kotorom nahoditsya komp®yuter uucp konfiguracionnye fajly sistemy UUCP mail konfiguracionnye fajly sistemy mailx/sendmail vfstab tablica montiruemyh fajlovyh sistem dfs/dfstab tablica eksportiruemyh v NFS katalogov auto_home karty avtomaticheski montiruemyh katalogov dlya automount auto_master format.dat parametry vseh vozmozhnyh diskov hosts imena i IP adresa lokal'nyh host'ov networks zadaet simvolicheskie imena IP setej netmasks net maski IP setej ethers ethernet'nye adresa bezdiskovyh klientov hosts.equiv spisok host'ov, kotorym pozvoleno delat' u nas rsh defaultdomain zadaet NDS domen resolv.conf kto sluzhit nam DNS serverom inetd.conf konfiguracionnyj fajl inetd demona services sootvetstvie nomerov TCP portov ih simvolicheskim imenam named.boot startovaya konfiguraciya servera DNS inittab shema raboty processa init. rc0.d/ katalogi s komandnymi fajlami, kotorye zapuska- rc2.d/ yut pri perehode na/s sootvetstvuyushchego urovnya rc3.d/ vypolneniya init.d/ a etom kataloge lezhat kopii VSEH takih fajlov vmeste rc0, rc2, rc3 Komandnye fajly, kotorye ih zapuskayut magic Tablica s "magicheskimi chislami". Ispol'zuetsya koman- doj file dlya opredeleniya tipa binarnogo fajla. termcap fajl s opisaniyami terminalov v formate termcap wtmp Fajl s informaciej o seansah raboty pol'zovatelej v sisteme. Rekomenduetsya inogda opustoshat' ego. Katalog /usr sadm - fajly sistemnogo administratora adm - nakaplivaemaya informaciya o rabote sistemy i pol'zovatelej bin - utility sbin - utility sistemnogo administratora ucb/bin - utility, harakternye dlya BSD Unix mail - katalog pochtovoj sluzhby. man - dokumentaciya sistemy v man formate tmp - vremennye fajly. Ochishchaetsya pri zagruzke include - include fajly dlya kompilyatora C lib - biblioteki - sistemnye, pol'zovatel'skie, razdelyaemye i staticheskie, a tak zhe mnogie sluzhebnye katalogi nachinayutsya otsyuda. /usr/lib/acct utility dlya sbora statistiki /usr/lib/terminfo baza dannyh s opisaniyami terminalov. /usr/lib/lp katalog sistemy LP spulinga pechati /usr/lib/uucp katalog sistemy UUCP peresylki fajlov po modemu spool - mesto dlya sluzhebnyh vremennyh fajlov /usr/spool/lp katalogi dlya raboty sistemy spulinga pechati /usr/spool/cron/crontabs komandy, vypolnyaemye po raspisaniyu /usr/spool/cron/atjobs postavlennye na vypolnenie /usr/spool/uucp spuling sistemy uucp /usr/local - GNU-snyj katalog /var - lokal'nye sluzhebnye fajly /var/yp/Makefile - konfigurator NIS /var/named - karty opisaniya DNS . &dDPrimer konfiguracionnyh fajlov DNS dlya standalone seti&d@. Zadacha: skonfigurirovat' DNS-servis v otdel'nostoyashchej lokal'noj seti. domen: foms.msk.ru adresa: 198.8.3.0 adresa: 198.8.2.0 DNS server: server.foms.msk.ru Dlya etogo nuzhno zapolnit' fajly: /etc/named.boot /var/named/named.root /var/named/127.0.0.0 /var/named/foms.msk.ru /var/named/foms-hosts-spisok /var/named/198.8.2.0 /var/named/198.8.3.0 i zapuskat' pri nachal'noj zagruzke demona /sbin/in.named Primernoe soderzhanie konfiguracionnyh fajlov privedeno nizhe. Peredelajte ih pod konkretnuyu konfiguraciyu vashej seti. Priblizitel'naya ideologiya takova: servis DNS podderzhivaetsya demonom named. Named pri starte schityvaet fajl startovoj konfiguracii /etc/named.boot . V nem ukazyvaetsya, kak zovetsya nash domen, i v kakih fajlah lezhat opisaniya imen hostov nashego domena (parametr primary). My dolzhny lokal'no podderzhivat' tri karty opisanij: foms.msk.ru - vse hosty nashego domena. 3.8.198 - "obrashchennaya" karta nashego domena (prosto perevorachivaem nashi IP-adresa zadom napered) 0.0.127 - zachem trebuetsya eshche karta nashej "local-network" izvestno tol'ko razrabotchikam DNS, odnako ee tozhe nuzhno opisat'. v /etc/named.boot zapisano, v kakih fajlah lezhat opisaniya domenov, named ih schityvaet, i nachinaet veshchat' na ves' mir. ;############## ˇ /etc/named.boot ############################# ; type domain source host/file backup file ; directory /var/named cache . named.root primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa 127.0.0.0 primary foms.msk.ru foms.msk.ru primary 3.8.198.in-addr.arpa 198.8.3.0 primary 2.8.198.in-addr.arpa 198.8.2.0 ; Zony, dlya kotoryh my sluzhim rezervnym name-serverom secondary gatelink.fr 134.214.100.1 secondary/gatelink.fr secondary 214.134.in-addr.arpa 134.214.100.1 secondary/134.214.0.0 ;############## konec fajla ################################### ;############## ˇ /var/named/named.root ####################### ; Initial cache data for root domain servers 1-may-98 ;;;;Get it from ˇ /ftp@FTP.RS.INTERNIC.NET:/domain/named.root;; . 99999999 NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET . 99999999 NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 198.41.0.4 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.9.0.107 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.33.4.12 D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.203.230.10 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.5.5.241 G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.112.36.4 H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.63.2.53 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.36.148.17 J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 198.41.0.10 K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 193.0.14.129 L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 198.32.64.12 M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 202.12.27.33 ;############## konec fajla ################################### ;############## ˇ /var/named/127.0.0.0 ############ ; local dns file local.reverse 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ; @ IN SOA server.foms.msk.ru. moshkow.server.foms.msk.ru. ( 94061801 ; Serial (yymmddxx) 10800 ; Refresh 3 hours 3600 ; Retry 1 hour 3600000 ; Expire 1000 hours 86400 ) ; Minimum 24 hours IN NS server.foms.msk.ru. 1 IN PTR localhost. ;############## konec fajla ################################### ;############## ˇ /var/named/foms.msk.ru ############ ; foms.msk.ru zone hosts file for DNS-server server.foms.msk.ru ; @ IN SOA server.foms.msk.ru. moshkow.server.foms.msk.ru. ( 95031802 ; Serial (yymmddxx) 10800 ; Refresh 3 hours 3600 ; Retry 1 hour 3600000 ; Expire 1000 hours 86400 ) ; Minimum 24 hours NS server.foms.msk.ru. NS ns2.msk.ru. MX 0 server.foms.msk.ru. ; MX 20 mail.msk.ru. ; MX 30 mailhost.kiae.su. localhost A 127.0.0.1 $INCLUDE /var/named/primary/foms-hosts-spisok ;; Esli hotite otpustit' svoj poddomen *.develop.foms.msk.ru ;; na vyselki, samostoyatel'no podderzhivat' svoj domen. ;margo.develop IN A 193.95.100.4 ;develop IN NS margo.develop.foms.msk.ru. ;############## konec fajla ################################### ;############## ˇ /var/named/foms-hosts-spisok ######## ;;;;;;;;;;;; Hosts in foms.msk.ru zone ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Our main server with DNS, ftp, gopher, www, mailrelay, NFS, ; server A 198.8.2.1 ; e1x70 ethernet A 198.8.3.1 ; m3760 ethernet A 193.124.158.33 ; sl0 slip link MX 0 mailrelay HINFO Motorola88/110 "SVR4.1/88" WKS 198.8.2.1 UDP ( time domain name ) WKS 198.8.2.1 TCP ( echo telnet hostnames domain ) mailrelay CNAME server ftp CNAME server fedfond CNAME server ; Host s20 ; s20 A 198.8.2.20 MX 0 mailrelay MX 20 linux HINFO Besta/31 UNIX-V.3 besta CNAME s20 ; Host pcat101 ; pcat101 A 198.8.2.101 MX 0 mailrelay HINFO PC486/66DX2 "MSDOS 6.2" pc101 CNAME pcat101 guest CNAME pcat101 ; Host pcat106 ; pcat107 A 198.8.3.107 ; eth0 A 193.124.158.34 ; sl0 slip link MX 0 pcat107 MX 10 mailrelay HINFO PC486/66DX2 "Linux 1.2.1" pc107 CNAME pcat101 linux CNAME pcat101 ;############## konec fajla ################################### ;############## ˇ /var/named/primary/198.8.2.0 ########## @ IN SOA server.foms.msk.ru. moshkow.server.foms.msk.ru. ( 94102501 ; Serial 10800 ; Refresh 3 hours 3600 ; Retry 1 hour 3600000 ; Expire 1000 hours 86400 ) ; Minimum 24 hours NS server.foms.msk.ru. ; Reverse-name [ttl] PTR Real-name-dot ; 1 PTR server.foms.msk.ru. 20 PTR s20.foms.msk.ru. 101 PTR pcat101.foms.msk.ru. ;############## konec fajla ################################### ;############## ˇ /var/named/primary/198.8.3.0 ########## @ IN SOA server.foms.msk.ru. moshkow.server.foms.msk.ru. ( 94102501 ; Serial 10800 ; Refresh 3 hours 3600 ; Retry 1 hour 3600000 ; Expire 1000 hours 86400 ) ; Minimum 24 hours NS server.foms.msk.ru. ; Reverse-name [ttl] PTR Real-name-dot ; 1 PTR server.foms.msk.ru. 106 PTR pcat106.foms.msk.ru. 107 PTR pcat107.foms.msk.ru. ;############## konec fajla ################################### . &dDKnizhki pro Unix&d@ Rekomenduyutsya lyubye knigi v tverdoj oblozhke importnyh avtorov v perevode na russkij, OSOBENNO perevody knig izdatel'stva O'Raily, vse ostal'nye (za redchajshim isklyucheniem) - ne rekomenduyutsya. T.e., napisannye sovkami (ibo uchebniki dolzhny pisat' professional'nye prepodavateli, a ne professional'nye programmisty) i v myagkoj oblozhke (estestvenno, ne schitaya izdatel'stva O'Raily) Na russkom est': &dDKernigan, Pajk&d@ Kernigan, Pajk, nazvanie pochemu-to pereveli kak "UNIX - universal'naya sreda programmirovaniya". Warning! Pri nabore russkogo izdaniya nalyapali OKEAN achipyatok i ashipok v chasti regex i ne tol'ko. CHitat' ee imho nado v parallel' s manpages, otdavaya onym prioritet v stremnyh situaciyah. Ne smotrya na eto - otlichnaya knizhka. Mne bylo dazhe interesno ee chitat'. &dDGot'e&d@ Got'e "Rukovodstvo po operacionnoj sisteme UNIX". Tochnee, SysV.release-unknown. No tozhe nichego dlya nachala. &dDBaurn&d@ Baurn (nazvanie ya zabyl) horoshaya knizhka i troff opisan. Staraya, iz serii "so strelochkami" iz-va "Mir". &dDInmos85&d@ Belyakov Rabover Fridman -- chto-to na temu Inmos85. Interesno pochitat'. No sil'no ustarela. MOZHNO NE CHITATX &dDMoris Dzh. Bah. Arhitektura operacionnoj sistemy Unix&d@ Ochen' tolkovo i dostupno opisany "potroha" - idei i algoritmy realizacii yadra. Opisanie Unix iznutri. Napisana na "yazyke C" s kommentariyami. Kniga ves'ma staraya, no tem ne menee tem, kto zahochet uznat' bol'she - CHITATX REKOMENDUYU. Bah Moris -- russkij perevod ego knigi hodil v vide 480Kb arhiva. ˇ ../BACH/ &dD"Mobil'naya oper. sistema"&d@ Belyakov i Co. "Mobil'naya oper. sistema" (oranzhevaya knizhechka v myagkoj oblozhke) -- kompilyaciya iz POSIX standartov vremen ok. 1989g. Malen'kaya takaya, horosha kak spravochnik. i eshche dovol'no mnogo drugih... &dD"UNIX/rukovodstvo sistemnogo administratora"&d@ "UNIX/rukovodstvo sistemnogo administratora", |vi Nemet, Gart Snajder, Skott Sibas, Trent R.Hent. Kiev, bhv, 1997. 830 str., 50 tr. Ochen', ochen' dostojnaya knizhka. Pomogaet pochti ot vseh boleznej. Edinstvennoe, chto otsutstvuet - Internet security, a VSE ostal'noe est'. OBYAZATELXNO KUPITX. &dD"Linux/vvedenie v operacionnuyu sistemu"&d@ Avtora vyyasnyu pozzhe. Kiev, bhv, 1997. 760 str. Izdatel'stvo bhv, izvestnoe vyposkom neskol'kih vysokoklasnyh knig po Unix, na etot raz napechatalo otkrovennuyu halturu. Original byl ves'ma mogosloven i neryashlivo napisan. Perevod eshche huzhe originala. KATEGORICHESKI NE REKOMENDUYU. &dD * Gde kupit' * &d@ &dDIzdatel'stvo BHV"&d@ Za poslednee vremya izdalo neskol'ko ochen' kachestvennyh perevodnyh knig po Unix i Internet "BHV - Moskva" 270-2032 1. "Dom tehnicheskoj knigi" Leninskij pr., 40 (095) 137 6019 0633* 2. "Biblio-Globus" ul. Myasnickaya, 6 (095) 928 8744 3. "Molodaya Gvardiya" ul. B. Polyanka, 28 (095) 238 0032 5001* 4. "Centr-Tehnika" ul. Petrovka, 15 (095) 924 3624 5. TD "Moskva" ul. Tverskaya, 8 (095) 229 7355 6. "Dom knigi" ul. Novyj Arbat, 8 (095) 203 8242 7. "Dom pedagogicheskoj ul. Bol'shaya Dmitrovka, (095) 229 4392 knigi" 7/5 8. "Mir" Leningradskij pr., 78 (095) 152 8282 9. "Novyj" sh. |ntuziastov, 24 (095) 362 0923 10. "RiS" ul. Krasnogo mayaka, 11 (095) 313 8345 11. "Ridas" Novodanilovskaya nab., 9 (095) 954 3044 12. "Knorus" Milyutinskij per., 19/4 (095) 928 6269 13. "Midiks" Leninskij pr., 29 (095) 955 4101 14. "Dess" Rogozhskij val, 15 (095) 366 9295 ______________________________________________________ * - telefony, gde chto-to mogut skazat' pro nalichie knig LITEK - melkooptovaya torgovlya ot "KnoRusa" 911-9863 911-9742 ul. Nikolo-YAmskaya, 45 pod.2. Idti ot m.Taganskaya kol'cevaya, po Sadovomu kol'cu vniz do b.Drovyannogo per, zavernut' tuda i do upora v ul. Nikolo-YAmskuyu. Perejti ulicu i napravo do 45 doma(tam mehovoe atel'e) vhod so dvora. Polupodval Informaciyu i mozhno poluchit' http://www.book.ru ˇ http://www.book.ru http://www.bhv.ru ˇ http://www.bhv.ru &dDKnigi o Linux&d@ Algoritm takoj: pojti v krupnyj knizhnyj, vzyat' tam vse knizhki po linuksu, kakie est', potom popytat'sya kazhduyu iz nih pochitat' 5-10 minut. Esli ot knizhki ne toshnit - to ee vpolne mozhno brat'. . &dDNeskol'ko upravlyayushchih komand Hayes-sovmestimogo modema&d@ (Kompilyaciiya iz dokumentacii modemov ZyXEL 1496*, GVC-1440) AT&F0 Factory setting Ili na ZyXEL vklyuchit' modem s nazhatoj knopkoj Enter ili Data/Voice ATZ0 Zagruzit' profile 0 AT&V Raspechatat' setup AT&W0 Sohranit' setup v profile 0 AT&Y0 Pri vklyuchenii zagruzhat' profile 0 ATE0 Vyklyuchit' eho atdpTELEFONNYJ NOMER Pul'sovyj nabor nomera +++ Vyjti iz connect'a v komandnyj rezhim ATO Vernut'sya iz komandnogo rezhima v CONNECT ATH Polozhit' trubku ATA Podnyat' trubku i otvetit' na zvonok ATS0=2 Snimat' trubku posle 2-go zvonka &dDKomandy, kotorye obychno i sami po sebe ustanovleny&d@. AT&P1 Make / break 33/67 (Europe) ATQ0 Vozvrashchat' kod vozvrata ATV1 Kod vozvrata tekstovyj &dDKomandy, kotorye vozmozhno zahochetsya ustanovit'&d@. AT&L1 V rezhim vydelennyh linij AT\N5 Zapretit' soedinenie BEZ szhatiya MNP5 ili V42bis ATB6 Postavit' skorost' 2400 i nizhe ATL0 Samyj tihij zvuk ATM0 Speaker always off &dDKomandy GVC-1440&d@ B_ B1 Bell mode (*) B2 Autoscan mode D_ R originate call in answer mode W whait for second dialtone , pause @ wait for 5 seconds silence ! flash ; return to command mode after dialing H 1 make busy I [0-4] info L 2 medium speacker M 0 internal speacker off 1 internal speacker on until carrier 2 3 O 0 return to data mode 1 return to data mode and initiate equaliser retrain Registry s0 autoanswer ring 0 s1 ring counter 0 s2 Escape code character + s3 CR character 13 s4 LF character 10 s5 BS character 8 S6 dial tone whait time 2 sec S7 remote carrier whait time 45 sec s8 comma pause time 2 sec s9 carrier dettect responce time 6 *1/10 sec s10 carrier loss time 14 *1/10 sec s11 touch tone dialing speed 95 ms s12 esc character detect time 50 1/50 sec s14 bitmap s16 bitmap s18 modem test timer 0 s21 bitmap s22 bitmap s23 bitmap s25 DTR delay 5 sec s26 RTS to CTS delay interval 1 *1/100 sec s27 bitmap s28 bitmap . &dDKonfigurirovanie servera HTTPD i format yazyka HTML&d@ Vnimanie |tot tekst budet slegka bolee dostupnym dlya ponimaniya, esli vy posmotrite na nego v ishodnom vide - &dD"Document source"&d@ &dDFajly v katalogah s dokumentami&d@ index.html Esli prosyat vydat' katalog, to vydayut index esli ego net, vydaetsya prosto oglavlenie kataloga HEADER.html Ego soderzhimoe dobavlyaetsya pered nachalom listinga README.html Ego soderzhimoe dobavlyaetsya k koncu listinga .htaccess Upravlyayushchij fajl s lokal'nymi nastrojkami tekushchej direktorii Razobrat'sya stoit s etimi harakteristikami: Alias - gde to dolzhna lezhat' rasshifrovka. a server budet ee podstavlyat'. Vot tol'ko gde ? &dDSpecsimvoly:&d@ Nuzhno zadavat' tak: & - & " - " > - > < - < >> - >> << - << (C) - © ili © (R) - ® - — - – <= - <= >= - >= Extra space -   &dDZagolovki&d@ Zagolovok vsego dokumenta

Zagolovok 2-go urovnya

Ssylka na podrazdel v dokumente Ssylka otkryvaemaya v drugom okne Tak eto mesto dolzhno byt' pomecheno v Dokumente &dDNenumerovannyj spisok (Unnumbered list)&d@ &dDPronumerovannyj spisok (Numbered list)&d@
  1. Pervaya poziciya
  2. Vtoraya poziciya
&dDEst' tak zhe i bolee "melkie" spiski:&d@
  • 1
  • 2
    • ,
  • 1
  • 2
    •  &dDSpiski s podzagolovkami (Definition list)&d@
    Nazvanie punkta
    Tekst, raspisyvayushchij soderzhimoe punkta
    Nazvanie punkta
    Tekst, raspisyvayushchij soderzhimoe drugogo punkta 
            Preformatirovannyj     fragment teksta

            Preformatirovannyj     fragment teksta v shirinu 80

    

    
	Ustanavlivaet obshchij otstup vpravo.
        Vynesennyj vpravo fragment teksta


    

        Gorizontal'naya cherta 
    

        Okonchanie paragrafa  
    

        ZHestkij konec stroki 
    


     Tekst mezhdu etimi tagami ne budet perenosit'sya
      na novuyu storku kakim by dlinnym on ne byl


        &dDFizicheskie stili&d@

     Bold zhirnyj tekst       
     Itallic kursiv tekst    
     Underline podcherknutyj        Rabotaet tol'ko v Netscape 3
    Typewriter tekst s fontom fiksirovannoj shiriny 
 Blink migayushchij tekst      
Strike perecherknutyj tekst

        &dDLogicheskie stili&d@

  Definition. Opredelyaemoe slovo  italic
   Emphasis.   Udarenie            italic
 Titles of books. Citata         italic
 Programm.   Programmnyj tekst   fixed
  User keyboard entry.            bold fixed
 Status message                  fixed
  Variable.                       italic      
  Strong emphasis.             bold        

     Vydelyaetsya adres             italic      
    

        &dDUpravlenie cvetami i fontami&d@
_BODY_ tagi srabatyvayut tol'ko esli raspolozheny v samom nachale dokumenta

         A tak ustanavlivayut sobstvennye cveta vo vsem dokumente

         A tak delali traurnye kolera, kogda protestovali.


Tekst bOl'shego razmera, i pokrashennyj v krasnyj cvet, s zadannym tipom fonta



Dal'she pojdet tekst s fontom zadannogo razmera


  a tak zhe background zvuk

        &dDTak vyglyadit obychnaya ssylka.&d@

Low impact 
    

        &dDTak vstavlyayut kartinku&d@


 Esli nuzhen tekst sboku
                                               ot kartinki
   Otstup teksta ot kartinki
Vverh
  ALT    - chto napisat', esli kartinka ne chitaetsya,
  LOWRES - pered risovaniem bol'shoj kartinki zagruzit' etu - malen'kuyu


         Tak podkladyvayut BACKGROUND


        &dDTablichki -&d@


    

     tr - zadaet stroku StolbecStolbec
    

    
Vnutri tablicy mozhet byt' takoj tag, Podzagolovok?


    

     Tablichka fiksirovannoj shiriny,ne zavisyashchaya ot razmerov vnutrennego teksta
    Back to my home page
    moshkow@ipsun.ras.ru    		 
    
        &dDVstroennaya imagemap&d@














        &dDO protokole HTTP/1.*&d@

Klient  otkryvaet  tcp soedinenie s hostom www.host.com na port
(obychno 80) i govorit tuda

GET /local/url/file/name.html HTTP/1.0
Host: www.host.com
Http_referer: url_dokumenta_na_kotorom_stoyal_klient
Eshche nekotoroe kolichestvo zagolovkov,
kotorye rasskazyvayut serveru, kto s nim imeet delo.
Vse oni, krome GET neobyazatel'ny
. . .
^M^J       - pustaya stroka - konec zagolovkov - konec zaprosa

Obratno vyvalivaetsya otvet servera:

http-shnye zagolovki
na neskol'kih strokah
^M^J        - pustaya stroka
Sobstvenno zaproshennyj dokument as is

&dDUprazhnenie:&d@ skazhite

$ telnet www 80
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
GET /index.html HTTP/1.0

I potom dva raza nazhmite na Enter


        &dDKak rabotet dokachka v HTTP/1.1 protokole?&d@

     V zapros vstavlyaetsya special'noe pole "Range: bytes nnn-".
Server s dokachkoj vozvrashchaet kod 206 -  "CHast'  soderzhimogo"  i
peredaet  zaproshennuyu  chast' fajla. Esli server ne podderzhivaet
dokachki, on prosto vozvrashchaet 200 i vysylaet ves' fajl kak  pri
obychnom zaprose.

        &dDSSI - Server Side Includes&d@

Polnaya specifikaciya lezhit, naprimer na www.apache.org ˇ http://www.module.vympel.msk.ru/mirror/apache/docs/mod_include.html

0. CHtoby SSI-fajly vzvodili Last-modified, dobavit' v konfig
XBitHack full
i sdelat' im chmod g+x file.shtml

1. CHtoby  SSI  vypolnyalis',  neobhodimo  zadat' v konfiguracionnyh
fajlah servera:

/etc/httpd/conf/access.conf :------------------------
  # "Vklyuchit'"
Options +Includes      # ili dazhe Options All
/etc/httpd/conf/srm.conf :------------------------

AddType text/html .shtml
AddHandler server-parsed .shtml

2. Togda SSI otrabatyvayutsya tol'ko v fajlah s rasshireniem .shtml

Primery:

charset=






The  value  will  often be enclosed in double quotes; many comn
mands only allow a single attribute-value pair.

The allowed ELEMENTS are:

config  - parametry parsinga
    Atributy config
     errmsg  - soobshchenie ob oshibke, posylaemoe klientu
     sizefmt - format razmera fajla
     timefmt - format daty modifikacii fajla
     var     - napechatat' imya peremennoj

exec    - vypolnit' shell ili CGI-skript
     cgi     - (%-encoded) URL relative path to the CGI script.
     cmd     - vypolnit' shell

fsize   - napechatat' razmer fajla
     file    - otnositel'noe imya fajla
     virtual -(%-encoded) URL-path relative fajla

flastmod - poslednnee vremya modifikacii fajla

include  - vstavit' dokument
     file    - vstavlyaemyj fajl
     virtual - URL - tol'ko na etom zhe hoste

Include variables

These  are  available  for the echo command, and to any program
invoked by the document.

DATE_GMT
     The current date in Greenwich Mean Time.
DATE_LOCAL
     The current date in the local time zone.
DOCUMENT_NAME
     The filename (excluding directories) of the document requested
     by the user.
DOCUMENT_URI
     The (%-decoded) URL path of the document requested by the user.
     Note that in the case of nested
     include files, this is not then URL for the current document.
LAST_MODIFIED
     The last modification date of the document requested by the user.


If server side includes are enabled, you will see data values below:

The date is:                      
The current version of the server 
The CGI gateway version           
The server name                   
    
This file is called:              
This file's URI                   
The query string                  
This file was last modified:      
The size of the unprocessed file  
sample.html was last modified     
You are using                     
You came from                     


# |mulyaciya SSI v perl-cgi
 if (//) {
  print $`;$tmp = $';
  open (INC,"$inc") || die "Can't Open $inc: $!\n";
  while () {
   if (//) {
    @time = localtime ( time() ); $time[4]++;
    if ($time[4] < 10) {     $time[4] = "0" . "$time[4]";    }
    s//$time[3].$time[4].$time[5]/g;
   }
   print $_;
  }
  close(INC);
  print "$tmp";
 }


        &dDUpravlenie dostupom cherez httpd.conf&d@

SetEnvIfNoCase Referer rusf\.ru    internal_referer
SetEnvIfNoCase User-Agent Teleport internal_referer
SetEnvIfNoCase User-Agent Vampire  internal_referer
SetEnvIfNoCase User-Agent ReGet    internal_referer
SetEnvIfNoCase User-Agent GetRight internal_referer
SetEnvIfNoCase User-Agent Wget     internal_referer


ErrorDocument 403 http://rusf.ru/books/index.htm
order deny,allow
deny from all
allow from env=internal_referer


# No offline browsers v robots.txt
User-Agent: DISCo Pump, Wget, WebZIP, Teleport Pro, WebSnake, Offline
Explorer, Web-By-Mail
Disallow: /

        &dDCGI - specifikaciya interfejsa mezhdu serverom httpd&d@

i vneshnimi, vyzyvaemymi programmami - gateeway'yami.
Sam CGI-script dolzhen lezhat' v /home/httpd/cgi-bin
togda ego nahodyat (ili v drugih katalogah, opisannyh v acces.conf
 Dannye   peredayutsya   v  komandnoj  stroke,  cherez  peremennye
okruzheniya,  i   cherez   standartnyj   vvod.   Vozvrashchayutsya   na
standartnyj vyvod, v nachale dolzhna stoyat' "volshebnaya stroka"

Esli dobavit' v konnfiguracionnyj fajl
/etc/httpd/conf/srm.conf :------------------------
AddType application/x-httpd-cgi .cgi
 To  CGI-skripty  mozhno  budet  klas' v lyuboj podkatalog dereva
dokumentov - s rasshireniem .cgi

        &dDFormy i indeksy&d@

Vojti v fajl, i spozicionirovat'sya na stroku s shablonom "cl"
http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/file.html#cl

Request for a CGI script with no extra path information and no query.
http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/test-cgi

Request for a script with extra path information, and no query.
http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/test-cgi/extra/path

Request for a script with no extra path information, and an ISINDEX query.
http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/test-cgi?query

Request for a script with extra path information as well as an ISINDEX query.
http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/test-cgi/extra/path?a+query

Vyzyvaetsya odna i ta zhe programma, no ej peredaetsya 0,1,1 ili 2 argumenta:
extra path - "dobavochnyj marshrut", idushchij vsled za imenem ekzeshnika
query      - dlinnaya stroka posle znaka "?"

na extra path rabotaet image map - im peredaetsya imya opisatelya kartinki
query peredaetsya zapolnennym ISINDEX

        &dDCGI-skriptu peredayutsya takie parametry:&d@

Parametry peredayutsya v peremennyh okruzheniya.

REMOTE_ADDR=127.0.0.1
REMOTE_HOST=localhost
HTTP_REFERER=http://www.ac.msk.su:80/cgi-bin/html-KOI?KSP/bachurin.txt

REQUEST_METHOD=GET

QUERY_STRING=query
PATH_INFO=/marshrut
PATH_TRANSLATED=/home/httpd/docs/marshrut

SCRIPT_NAME=/cgi-bin/proba
HTTP_USER_AGENT=NCSA Mosaic for the X Window System/2.4  libwww/2.12 modified


A teper' vot kak oformlyayutsya formy s checkbox'ami:


    
     Press me. 
    
     Press me. 
    



 
    

    

# ISINDEX - parametr zaprosa peredaetsya prgogramme CGI v $1

# V forme METHOD=GET - tam vyzyvaetsya komanda kotoroj peredaetsya
# argument v peremennoj okruzheniya QUERY_STRING
# http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/test-cgi?button1=on&button2=off

# A vot kak rabotaet POST, i PUT. Dopolnitel'naya informaciya protalkivaetsya
klientom na server. Server podaet ee cgi-programme na standartnyj vvod.
dlina posylaemogo fajla ustanavlivaetsya v peremennoj okruzheniya CONTENT_LENGTH
a tip dannyh - v CONTENT_TYPE

FORM ACTION="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/test-cgi" METHOD="POST"


    

            ^^^^^ pole polezno chtob hranit' informaciyu o "seanse"
      Press me. 
    







   


    

        &dDCHto my posylaem klientu obratno:&d@

Status: 200 OK
Status: 404 File not found

Content-type: text/html

Soderzhimoe, kotoroe kidaetsya skvoz' nashego servera - klientu

        Esli ya generyu ne soderzhimoe, a tol'ko ssylku, to:

Location: /path/doc.txt
      ili
Location: gopher://gopher.ncsa.uiuc.edu/


        Generim tekst v chistom servernom vide - on poedet
klientu srazu, bez dopolnitel'noj fil'tracii:

--- start of output ---
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Date: Tuesday, 26-Dec-95 15:17:10 GMT
Server: NCSA/1.3
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-type: text/html
Last-modified: Tuesday, 24-Dec-95 15:15:41 GMT
Content-length: 3132

This is a plaintext document generated on the fly just for you.
--- end of output ---
Podstavlyajte tuda sootvetstvuyushchie znacheniya peremennyh
$SERVER_PROTOCOL $SERVER_SOFTWARE


        &dDFenechki&d@
 
 Avtopodstanovka URL s timeout'om. Podstavit' v nachalo dokumenta:



    Dal'she idet mestnyj HTML-dokument - kotoryj cherez 12 sekund budet
avtomaticheski zamenen na vysheukazannyj URL

    Voobshche - tag META HTTP-EQUIV pozvolyaet vzvesti dopolnitel'nye polya v
HTTP-zagolovok dokumenta. Naprimer "nasil'stvennoe vzvedenie charset'a:




    
I'm entering for the first time from (city, state/country) 


    

    

    


Content-type: text/html
Set-Cookie: cookiename=valueofcookie; expires=Saturday, 28-Feb-96 23:59:59 GMT; path=/cgi-bin/mycgiprogram
|ta shtuchka budet avtomatom otsylat'sya v nash server klientom, kak tol'ko on ee poluchil

Podrobnee sm. http://citforum.ru/win/internet/html/c_what_is.shtml ˇ  http://citforum.ru/win/internet/html/c_what_is.shtml


Esli  skazat'  tak,  to  klient ostanetsya na starom meste, i ne
budet perehodit' po ssylke
Status: 204 No Content

A takoj link pozvolyaet srazu zapolnit' nekotorye polya v mailto poslanii