n style="mso-tab-count:2"> Warning: Base Operating System Installation
 will destroy or impair recovery of SOME data
 on the destination disk hdisk0

>>> Choice [1]:

Pri ustanovke Trusted Computing Base (TCB) budut ustanovleny trusted path, trusted shell i proverka celostnosti sistemy. Trusted path zashchitit vashu sistemu v sluchae zloumyshlennoj podmeny programmy (naprimer, su), kotoruyu vy hotite zapustit', na druguyu. Trusted path proveryaet i da£t garantiyu, chto programme, kotoruyu vy zapuskaete, mozhno doveryat'. Esli vy reshili ustanovit' TCB (chto rekomenduetsya, sm.Trusted Computing Base), to vy dolzhny eto ukazat' na etom shage, tak kak ustanovki TCB nel'zya pomenyat' pozdnee (neobhodima polnaya pereustanovka BOS). Ustanovka TCB vlechet za soboj bolee dlitel'noe vremya ustanovki.

Metody ustanovki

Change Method of Installation

Type the number of your choice and press Enter.

1 New and Complete Overwrite
Overwrites EVERYTHING on the disk selected for installation.
Warning: Only use this method if the disk is totally empty or there is nothing
on the disk you want to preserve.


2 Preservation Install
Preserves SOME of the exiting data on the disk selected for installation.
Warning: This method overwrites the usr (/usr), variable (/var), temporary
(/tmp), and root (/root) file systems. Other product (application) files and
configuration data will be destroyed.


3 Migration Install
Upgrades the Base Operating System to current release. Other product
(application) files and configuration data will be spared.

88 Help ?
99 Previous Menu

>>> Choice [3]: 1

Sushchestvuyut tri metoda ustanovki:

1. New and Complete Overwrite - dlya novoj sistemy eto edinstvenno dostupnyj metod ustanovki. Ispol'zujte etot metod dlya polnost'yu chistyh diskov ili v sluchae, esli disk soderzhit dannye, kotorye vam ne nuzhno sohranyat'.

2. Preservation Install - ispol'zuetsya v sluchae, kogda nam neobhodimo perezapisat' BOS pri sohranenii pol'zovatel'skih dannyh. |tot metod perezapisyvaet soderzhimoe fajlovyh sistem /(root), /usr, /var i /temp.

3. Migration Install - ispol'zuetsya dlya perehoda s bolee pozdnih versij AIX na chetvertuyu versiyu. Pri vybore etogo metoda sohranyaetsya soderzhimoe vseh fajlovyh sistem i tol'ko peresozdaetsya fajlovaya sistema /tmp.

Vybor diska dlya ustanovki

Posle vybora metoda ustanovki, iz pokazannogo spiska (v prostejshem sluchae sostoyashchego iz odnogo diska) vy dolzhny ukazat' disk, na kotoryj budet proizvodit'sya ustanovka.

Change Disk Where You Want to Install

Type one or more numbers for the disk(s) to be used for
installation and press Enter. To cancel a choice, type the
corresponding number and press Enter. At least one bootable
disk must be selected. The current choice indicated by >>>

Size VG
Name Location Code (MB) Status Bootable
1 hdisk0 00-01-00-0.0 305 rootvg yes
2 hdisk1 00-01-00-1.0 305 rootvg no

>>> 0 Continue with choices indicated above

66 Disks not known to Base Operating System Installation
88 Help ?
99 Previous Menu

>>> Choice [0]:

Esli disk ne opoznan sistemoj, no u vas est' drajver etogo diska na diskete, to, nahodyas' na etom etape ustanovki, vy mozhete ustanovit' etot drajver dlya neopoznannogo diska (vybor menyu 66).

Vybor pervichnogo yazykovogo okruzheniya

Na etape ustanovki vy mozhete ustanovit' yazyk, raskladku klaviatury i kul'turnye soglasheniya (format daty, vremeni i t.p.), kotorye vy budete ispol'zovat' posle ustanovki.

Nachalo ustanovki klassicheskij RS/6000

Posle vybora vseh opcij ustanovki ona nachinaetsya. Proishodit postroenie struktury direktorij AIX, ustanavlivaetsya programmnoe obespechenie dlya podsoedinennyh i vklyuchennyh ustrojstv. Pri ustanovke proizvoditsya proverka ustanovlennyh komponentov. Posle okonchaniya raboty programmy ustanovki budet predlozheno ustanovit' tip podsoedinennogo terminala ili, pri nalichii graficheskogo displeya, poyavitsya menyu programmy Installation Assistant, s pomoshch'yu kotoroj vy smozhete ukazat' pervonachal'nye ustanovki sistemy.

RS/6000 s shinoj PCI

Tak kak sistema RS/6000 s shinoj PCI ne imeet klyucha, to ves' process ustanovki otlichaetsya ot processa ustanovki na klassicheskom RS/6000 tol'ko otsutstviem soobshcheniya o neobhodimosti vklyuchit' klyuch v polozhenie Normal.

Zavershenie ustanovki (shag 5)

klassicheskij RS/6000

Posle okonchaniya vsego processa ustanovki pered perezagruzkoj sistemy udalite ustanovochnyj nositel' (lentu ili CD-ROM) i peremestite klyuch v polozhenie Normal.

RS/6000 s shinoj PCI

Posle soobshcheniya ob okonchanii ustanovki neobhodimo ne zabyt' vynut' ustanovochnyj disk iz diskovoda i nazhat' <Enter> dlya perezagruzki sistemy. V processe perezagruzki ustanovite disketu s System Management Services, nazhmite <F4> i prover'te, ustanovlen li disk, na kotoryj vy ustanovili AIX v spiske zagruzochnyh ustrojstv.

Ustanovki Installation Assistant Menu (shag 6)

Posle ustanovki BOS zapuskaetsya s parametrami po umolchaniyu: odin pol'zovatel' (root), data i vremya, vystavlennye pri izgotovlenii komp'yutera i drugie osnovnye parametry. Vy, veroyatno, zahotite izmenit' srazu nekotorye ili vse eti parametry. Takzhe vy mozhete predostavit' informaciyu o sisteme i seti dlya ustanovleniya svyazi s drugimi sistemami.

Vnov' ustanovlennaya BOS perezagruzhaet sistemu i zapuskaet programmu Installation Assistant, kotoraya pozvolit vam izmenit' osnovnye parametry. Kogda vy zapuskaete Installation Assistant srazu posle ustanovki BOS, to budut dostupny k izmeneniyu parametry v sootvetstvii s vybrannym vami metodom ustanovki.

Vy mozhete zavershit' rabotu Installation Assistant putem vyhoda "Tasks Completed - Exit to AIX Login" tol'ko odin raz. Pri sleduyushchih zapuskah Installation Assistant etot punkt menyu budet ne pokazan na displee. Pol'zovatel' dolzhen imet' prava dostupa root dlya ispol'zovaniya Installation Assistant. Dlya dostupa k Installation Assistant pozzhe naberite sleduyushchuyu komandu: Install_assist

K soderzhaniyu Vpered Nazad

Instrumenty upravleniya sistemoj

K soderzhaniyu Vpered Nazad

Instrumenty upravleniya sistemoj

Sposoby upravleniya sistemoj

Osnovnym nedostatkom sistemnogo administrirovaniya UNIX i, v tom chisle i AIX, do poyavleniya tret'ej versii etoj sistemy, yavlyaetsya tot fakt, chto ne sushchestvuet obshchego interfejsa dlya resheniya zadach administrirovaniya i eto vlechet za soboj neobhodimost' ochen' ser'eznoj podgotovki sistemnogo administratora sistem UNIX. Takoj administrator dolzhen znat' i umet' primenyat' bol'shoe kolichestvo komand, znat', kak pol'zovat'sya razlichnymi interfejsami po upravleniyu otdel'nymi podsistemami i dolzhen umet' redaktirovat' mnozhestvo sistemnyh fajlov, kotorye mogut imet', i chashche vsego imeyut, svoj sobstvennyj unikal'nyj format, a chasto i razlichnye programmy dlya ih redaktirovaniya.

Kstati, v bol'shinstve drugih setevyh operacionnyh sistemah (ne UNIX), kak naprimer v Windows NT Server, dlya resheniya zadach po upravleniyu sistemoj takzhe net interfejsa, kotoryj mozhno bylo by nazvat' obshchim, i dlya vypolneniya zadach po upravleniyu sistemoj trebuetsya ispol'zovat' mnogo razlichnyh instrumentov s razlichnymi interfejsami.

Takoj podhod k resheniyu zadach sistemnogo administrirovaniya vedet k zavyshennym trebovaniyam k kvalifikacii sistemnogo administratora, trudnostyam i poteryam vremeni v nastrojke sistemy i chrevat bol'shim kolichestvom oshibok, kotorye mogut privesti k fatal'nym rezul'tatam.

Poetomu, nachinaya s tret'ej versii, v AIX ispol'zuetsya drugoj podhod k resheniyu zadach sistemnogo administrirovaniya.

Instrumenty dlya resheniya zadach administrirovaniya v AIX Version 4

CHetvertaya versiya AIX predlagaet dlya resheniya vseh obshchih funkcij sistemnogo administrirovaniya edinyj menyu-orientirovannyj interfejs System Management Interface Tools (SMIT), kotoryj postavlyaetsya v standartnoj postavke AIX.

SMIT ne ispolnyaet napryamuyu funkcij po sistemnomu administrirovaniyu. |to lish' interfejs pol'zovatelya, kotoryj pozvolyaet emu konstruirovat' vysokourovnevye komandy i ispolnyat' ih v posledstvii. |ti komandy mogut byt' vvedeny pol'zovatelem vruchnuyu dlya resheniya teh zhe zadach.

Sushchestvuet dva interfejsa SMIT: alfavitno-cifrovoj (ASCII) i graficheskij (Motif). Dlya upravleniya drugimi komp'yuterami po seti (s operacionnymi sistemami AIX, SunOS 4.1.3 i HP-UX 9.0) sushchestvuet takoj instrument kak Distributed System Management Interface Tools (DSMIT) (sm.DSMIT).

Dlya resheniya samyh chastyh zadach, soglasno issledovaniyam zanimayushchih do 70% vremeni administrirovaniya (upravlenie pol'zovatelyami, diskami, ustrojstvami, printerami), sushchestvuet instrument administrirovaniya s graficheskim interfejsom - Visual System Manager (VSM), kotoryj pozvolyaet vypolnyat' osnovnye zadachi administratora posredstvom prostoj manipulyacii ob®ektami (sm.Instrumenty Visual System Management (VSM)).

No administrator dolzhen uchityvat' to, chto ispol'zovanie graficheskogo interfejsa trebuet vydeleniya dovol'no bol'shogo kolichestva resursov sistemy na ego obsluzhivanie. Poetomu, kak pravilo, na serverah primenyayut ASCII interfejs.

Princip raboty instrumentov po upravleniyu sistemoj

Dlya svoej raboty instrumenty administratora AIX pol'zuyutsya special'noj bazoj dannyh nazyvaemoj Object Data Manager (ODM), kotoraya soderzhit informaciyu o komandah instrumentov administrirovaniya i o tom, kak s ih primeneniem stroyatsya eti komandy (i ne tol'ko). Kazhdyj raz, kogda administrator v instrumentah administrirovaniya nazhimaet <Enter> ili funkcional'nye klavishi, idet obrashchenie k baze dannyh ODM, na osnovanii kotoroj formiruyutsya menyu i komandy. Vse trebuemye menyu i komandy vstroeny v bazu dannyh ODM.

Mestonahozhdenie bazy dannyh ODM: /etc/objrepos/

Esli vy tverdo ne uvereny v tom, chto vy delaete, to ne probujte chto-libo izmenyat' ili dobavlyat' v etu bazu dannyh.

Komponenty interfejsa pol'zovatelya SMIT

Pol'zovatel' mozhet ispol'zovat' interfejs kak ASCII tak i AIXWindows kotorye, predostavlyayut analogichnye vozmozhnosti tol'ko s neskol'ko inym predstavleniem na ekrane.

Interfejs pol'zovatelya SMIT soderzhit sleduyushchie komponenty:

˛ Menyu;
˛ Dialogovyj ekran (ekran vybora);
˛ Spiski;
˛ Panel' vyvoda;
˛ Kontekstnaya pomoshch';

Glavnoe menyu SMIT (ASCII)

Glavnoe menyu SMIT pozvolyaet vybrat' trebuemuyu administrativnuyu funkciyu.

System Management

Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.

Software Installation and Maintenance
Software License Management
Devices
System Storage Management (Physical and Logical Storage)
Security & Users
Communication Application and Services
Print Spooling
Problem Determination
Performance & Resource Scheduling
System Environment
Processes & Subsystems
Application
Using SMIT (information only)


F1=Help F2=Refresh F3=Cancel F8=Image
F9=Shell F10=Exit Enter=Do

Dialogovyj ekran

Dialogovyj ekran pozvolyaet vam vvesti neobhodimye znacheniya v parametry opredelyaemye vypolnyaemoj operacii. Nekotorye parametry zapolneny na osnove sistemnoj informacii. Estestvenno, chto vy vsegda mozhete izmenit' znacheniya podstavlennye po umolchaniyu.

Schedule a Job

Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.

[Entry Fields]
YEAR [98]
MONTH [Sep] #
DAY (1-31) [12] +
* HOUR (0-23) [10] #
* MINUTES (0-59) [30] #
SHELL to use for job execution Korn (ksh) +
* COMMAND or SHELL SCRIPT [] /
(full pathname)

F1=Help F2=Refresh F3=Cancel F4=List
F5=Reset F6=Command F7=Edit F8=Image
F9=Shell F10=Exit Enter=Do

Polya, v kotoryh vy mozhete nabrat' znacheniya parametrov vydelyayutsya kvadratnymi skobkami [ ].

Polya, v kotorye ne pomeshchayutsya na ekrane vse dannye vydelyayutsya strelkami < >.

Dlya ukazaniya togo, kakie dannye mogut byt' vvedeny ispol'zuyutsya special'nye simvoly:
* pole, v kotoroe obyazatel'no neobhodimo vvesti znachenie;
# dlya etogo polya trebuetsya vvod cifrovogo znacheniya;
/ dlya etogo polya neobhodim vvod puti (pathname);
H trebuetsya vvod shestnadcaterichnogo znacheniya;
? vvodimoe znachenie ne pokazyvaetsya na ekrane;
+ dostupen spisok znachenij polya.

Dlya dostupa k spisku znachenij vvodimogo polya (esli, konechno, prisutstvuet special'nyj znak +) nazhmite klavishu <F4>.

Ochen' udobnoj vozmozhnost'yu dlya kontrolya i obucheniya yavlyaetsya predvaritel'nyj prosmotr sformirovannoj SMIT komandy AIX. Takoj prosmotr vozmozhen pri nazhatii klavishi <F6>.

|kran vyvoda

COMMAND STATUS

Command: OK stdout: yes stderr: no

Before command completion, additional instructions may appear
below.

[TOP]
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 4 20:15:04 - 1:49 /etc/init
root 1719 1 0 20:16:14 - 0:10 /etc/syncd 60
root 2003 1 0 20:16:19 - 0:00 /etc/srcmstr
root 2233 1 0 20:16:14 - 0:00 /usr/lib/errdemon
ray 3525 1 0 17:01:28 0 0:00 -ksh
root 3806 2003 0 20:16:23 - 0:00 /etc/syslogd
ray 4162 3525 6 19:53:22 0 0:04 smit
root 5355 1 0 20:16;27 - 0:12 /etc/cron
root 6649 2003 0 20:16:32 - 0:00 qdaemon
ray 7303 4162 8 20:09:45 0 0:00 ps –ef

[MORE . . . 6]

F1=Help F2=refresh F3=Cancel F6=Command
F8=Image F9=Shell F10=Exit /=Find
n=Find Next

V verhnej stroke ekrana vyvoda ukazyvaetsya status vypolneniya komandy. Esli vyvod informacii ne pomeshchaetsya na ekrane vy mozhete ispol'zuya klavishi prokrutki <PgDn>, <PgUp>, <Home>, <End> prosmotret' polnyj listing.

Fajly SMIT audita i sostavleniya paketnyh fajlov

Pri pervom zapuske SMIT sozdaet dva fajla smit.log i smit.script v direktorii $HOME togo pol'zovatelya, kotoryj zapustil SMIT. Esli eti fajly uzhe sushchestvuyut, to v nih dobavlyaetsya informaciya novogo seansa raboty so SMIT.

Fajl smit.log soderzhit zapis' vseh ekranov SMIT, vypolnennyh komand i ekrany vyvoda etih komand. |tot fajl ispol'zuetsya dlya izucheniya komand, ih sintaksisa, a takzhe dlya diagnostiki vseh dejstvij pol'zovatelya.

Fajl smit.script soderzhit zapis' vseh sformirovannyh i vypolnennyh s pomoshch'yu SMIT komand (v etom fajle komandam predshestvuet zapis' data i vremya ispolneniya komand). |tot fajl udobno ispol'zovat' dlya razrabotki paketnyh fajlov, kotorye ispol'zuyutsya dlya zapuska naibolee chasto ispol'zuemyh grupp (paketov) komand v celyah ekonomii vremeni administratora.

DSMIT

Instrument DSMIT dobavlyaet k funkcional'nosti SMIT vozmozhnosti dlya postroeniya komand i raspredeleniya ih dlya drugih klientov v seti. V otlichie ot SMIT, DSMIT imeet tol'ko ASCII interfejs. DSMIT ispol'zuetsya dlya upravleniya komp'yuterami po seti i podderzhivaet, krome AIX versii 4.1 i starshe, sleduyushchie operacionnye sistemy: Sun OS 4.1.3 i HP-UX 9.0.

Pol'zovat'sya instrumentom DSMIT dlya udalennyh sistem mozhet tol'ko pol'zovatel' s pravami root (dlya etih udalennyh sistem). Dlya zapuska DSMIT naberite v komandnoj stroke dsmit.

Primechanie: etot produkt ne postavlyaetsya v standartnoj postavke i dolzhen byt' zakazan otdel'no.

Instrumenty Visual System Management (VSM)

Realii sovremennogo mira informacionnyh tehnologij predpolagayut nalichie graficheskih uproshchennyh sredstv administrirovaniya sistemy. Poetomu, v versii AIX 3.2.5 byl ob®yavlen, kak otdel'no zakazyvaemaya programma, instrument Visual System Management (VSM).

V chetvertoj versii AIX VSM - uzhe standartno postavlyaemyj graficheskij instrument administrirovaniya.

|ta programma ispol'zuet ob®ektno-orientirovannyj standart vizual'nogo predstavleniya Common Desktop Environment (sm. Common Desktop Environment (CDE)), edinyj prakticheski dlya vseh sovremennyh kommercheskih, i ne tol'ko, versij UNIX. Dizajn etogo instrumenta baziruetsya na intuitivnom graficheskom interfejse dlya resheniya naibolee obshchih i naibolee chasto reshaemyh zadach administrirovaniya (zanimayushchih poryadka 70% obshchego vremeni upravleniya sistemoj) posredstvom manipulirovaniya graficheskimi ob®ektami. Bol'shinstvo zadach reshaetsya metodom "vzyal-i-peremestil" (drag-and-drop). |tot instrument komplektuetsya mnozhestvom gotovyh shablonov dlya sozdaniya novyh ob®ektov administrirovaniya.

Instrumenty VSM:

IMYA PRILOZHENIYA KOMANDA
Upravlenie pol'zovatelyami/gruppami xuserm
Upravlenie diskovymi podsistemami xlvm
Upravlenie pechat'yu xprintm
Upravlenie ustrojstvami xdevicem
Upravlenie ustanovkoj programm xinstallm
Upravlenie obsluzhivaniem i obnovleniem xmaintm

K soderzhaniyu Vpered Nazad

Ustanovka i obsluzhivanie programmnogo obespecheniya

K soderzhaniyu Vpered Nazad

Ustanovka i obsluzhivanie programmnogo obespecheniya

V dannoj glave opisyvaetsya process ustanovki i obsluzhivaniya programmnogo obespecheniya IBM dlya sistemy AIX, a takzhe programmnogo obespecheniya inyh proizvoditelej, kotorye postroili svoyu sistemu ustanovki i obsluzhivaniya prilozhenij v sootvetstvii s trebovaniyami IBM.

Dlya AIX sushchestvuet mnozhestvo paketov prikladnyh programm dlya resheniya zadach po obrabotke informacii v razlichnyh sferah chelovecheskoj deyatel'nosti. Korporaciya IBM predlagaet dlya postroeniya klient-servernyh i orientirovannyh na set' reshenij paket programm IBM Software Server, kotoryj soderzhit v sebe sleduyushchie komponenty: IBM Communications Server, IBM Database Server (DB/2), IBM Directory and Security Server, IBM Internet Connection Server (Web-server), IBM System Management Server (IBM SystemView Server), IBM Transaction Server, Lotus Notes Release 4.

Nekotorye proizvoditeli, naprimer, Oracle, ispol'zuyut inuyu shemu ustanovki svoih prilozhenij, kotoraya, obychno, horosho zadokumentirovana.

Opredelenie paketov programmnogo obespecheniya

Licenzirovannyj programmnyj produkt (LPP) - eto kompleksnyj programmnyj produkt, kotoryj soderzhit v sebe vse pakety (package) i nabory fajlov (fileset), associirovannye s etim LPP.

Naimen'shej ustanavlivaemoj individual'no edinicej yavlyaetsya nabor fajlov (fileset). |tot nabor yavlyaetsya kakoj-libo odnoj funkciej polnogo programmnogo produkta. Nabory fajlov gruppiruyutsya v pakety (package), kak v gruppu naborov fajlov s obshchimi funkciyami.

Dlya imenovaniya naborov fajlov, paketov i LPP ispol'zuetsya standartnoe soglashenie o naimenovanii. Vnachale vsegda idet imya LPP, za nim, cherez tochku, imya paketa, zatem, takzhe cherez tochku, imya nabora fajlov i uzhe potom suffiks. Suffiks ispol'zuetsya dlya identifikacii soderzhimogo nabora fajlov. 

LPP.Package.fileset.suffix

Naprimer, nabor fajlov dlya obespecheniya raboty setevoj fajlovoj sistemy (NFS) dlya protokola TCP/IP bos.net.tcp.nfs yavlyaetsya odnim iz naborov fajlov v pakete dlya raboty v seti bos.net iz LPP bos.

Sleduyushchie suffiksy yavlyayutsya standartnymi:

.adt Instrument razrabotchika dlya LPP
.com Obshchij kod dlya dvuh podobnyh naborov fajlov
.compat Kod dlya sovmestimosti, kotoryj budet udalen v budushchih versiyah LPP
.data CHast' nabora fajlov, pomeshchaemyj v /usr/share
.dev Podderzhka ustrojstv dlya LPP
.diag Diagnostika dlya nabora fajlov
.fnt SHriftovaya chast' nabora fajlov
.info[lang] Baza dannyh InfoExplorer dlya LPP
.help[lang] Fajly pomoshchi dlya konkretnogo LPP
.loc Mesto dejstviya dlya LPP
.mp Kod specifichnyj dlya mnogoprocessornoj konfiguracii
.msg[lang] Soobshcheniya
.rte Minimal'nyj nabor ili run time
.smit Instrumenty i dialogi dobavlyaemye v SMIT
.ucode Mikrokod dlya nabora fajlov
.up Kod specifichnyj dlya odnoprocessornoj konfiguracii

Dlya biblioteki sistemnyh soobshchenij ispol'zuetsya osoboe soglashenie dlya naimenovaniya. V sostav imeni takih naborov fajlov vklyuchaetsya imya yazyka sistemnyh soobshchenij.

LPP.msg.[lang].package.fileset

Svyazki (Bundles)

Ispol'zuya SMIT vy mozhete organizovyvat' svoi komplekty naborov fajlov i paketov dazhe iz raznyh LPP, nazyvaemye svyazkami (bundle). Svyazki izvestny takzhe kak profili ustanovki.

Supporting Code Service

Kazhdyj komponent programmnogo obespecheniya soderzhit v sebe tri chasti dlya podderzhki kodovogo serv