lnenoj chasti poloski (progress bar), pri graficheskom otobrazhenii hoda vypolneniya fajlovyh operacij (kopirovanie i dr.). Dialogovye okna ispol'zuyut sleduyushchie cveta: ^Tdnormal ispol'- zuetsya dlya normal'nogo teksta, ^Tdfocus - cvet, ispol'zuemyj dlya vydelennogo v dannyj moment komponenta okna, ^Tdhotnormal - cvet, ispol'zuemyj dlya vydeleniya "goryachih" klavish v obychnyh kosponentah, v to vremya kak cvet ^Tdhotfocus ispol'zuetsya dlya vydeleniya "goryachih" klavish v vybrannyh v dannyj moment komponentah okna. V menyu ispol'zuetsya ta zhe samaya shema, tol'ko v kachestve nazvanij elementov ispol'zuyutsya menu, menusel, menuhot i menuhotsel. Okno podskazki ispol'zuet sleduyushchie cveta: ^Thelpnormal - dlya otobrazheniya prostogo teksta, ^Thelpitalic - dlya vyvoda teksta, vydelennogo v man-stranicah kursivom, ^Thelpbold - dlya vyvoda teksta, vydelennogo v man-stranicah zhirnym shriftom, ^Thelplink - dlya vydeleniya neaktivnyh giperssylok, ^Thelpslink - dlya vydeleniya aktivnoj v dannyj moment giperssylki. Special'nye cveta podsvetki ispol'zuyutsya dlya otobrazheniya imen fajlov raznyh tipov i vydeleniya cvetom prav dostupa (esli vydelenie cvetom etih elementov zadano v nastrojkah programmy, smotri razdel Vneshnij vidLayout): ^Tdirectory ispol'zuetsya dlya katalogov i simvolicheskih ssylok na katalogi; ^Texecutable - dlya ispolnyaemyh fajlov; ^Tlink - dlya simvolicheskih ssylok, kotorye ukazyvaet na fajly (ne katalogi) i dlya oborvannyh (stalled) simvoliches- kih ssylok; ^Tstalledlink - dlya oborvannyh (stalled) simvolicheskih ssylok; ^Tdevice - dlya fajlov ustrojstv; ^Tspecial - dlya special'nyh fajlov tipa FIFO i IPC sockets; ^Tcore - dlya fajlov s dampami (core). Vozmozhnye cveta: black, gray, red, brightred, green, brightgreen, brown, yellow, blue, brightblue, magenta, brightmagenta, cyan, brightcyan, lightgray i white . Dlya prozrachnogo fona ispol'zuyutsya special'noe klyuchevoe slovo 'default'. Slovo 'default' mozhno ispol'zovat' tol'ko pri zadanii cveta fona. Primer: [Colors] base_color=normal=white,default:marked=magenta,default [Special Settings] Special'nye ustanovki (Special Settings) Bol'shinstvo ustanovok Midnight Commander mozhet byt' izmeneno putem ispol'zovaniya menyu. Odnako imeetsya neskol'ko ustanovok, kotorye mogut byt' izmeny tol'ko putem neposredstennogo redaktirovaniya inicializacionnogo fajla ~/.mc/ini : ^Tclear_before_exec. Po umolchaniyu Midnight Commander ochishchaet ekran pered vypolneniem komandy. Esli Vy hotite, chtoby vyvod predydushchej komandy ne ischezal, izmenite znachenie polya clear_before_exec na 0. ^Tconfirm_view_dir. Esli Vy nazhimaete F3 na imeni kataloga, obychno MC perehodit v etot katalog. Esli etot flag budet ustanovlen v 1, MC budet sprashivat' podtverzhdenie pered tem, kak perejti v ukazannyj katalog, esli tol'ko v tekushchem kataloge byli pomecheny kakie-libo fajly. ^Tftpfs_retry_seconds. |tot parametr zadaet interval vremeni (v sekundah), po istechenii kotorogo Midnight Commander budet predprinimat' povtornuyu popytku soedinit'sya s ftp-serverom posle togo, kak predydushchaya popytka logirovat'sya okonchilas' neudachej. Esli zadano nulevoe znachenie, programma ne budet povtoryat' popytku logirovat'sya. ^Tftpfs_use_passive_connections. Po umolchaniyu eta opciya otklyuchena. Ona vklyuchaetsya dlya perekachki fajlov po protokolu FTP v teh sluchayah, kogda komp'yuter pol'zovatelya raspolaga- etsya za marshrutizatorom, fil'truyushchim pakety (behind a filtering packet router). |ta opciya rabotaet tol'ko v tom sluchae, kogda Vy ne ispol'zuete proksi (you are not using an ftp proxy). ^Tmax_dirt_limit. Opredelyaet, skol'ko raz mozhet byt' propu- shchena operaciya obnovleniya izobrazheniya na ekranepri rabote vo vstroennoj programme prosmotra. Obychno etot parametr ne imeet bol'shogo znacheniya, poskol'ku programma avtomaticheski vybiraet optimal'noe znachenie v zavisimosti ot skorosti nazhatij na klavishi. Odnako na ochen' medlennyh mashinah ili terminalah s bol'shoj skorost'yu avtopovtoreniya (keyboard auto repeat) slishkom bol'shoe znachenie etogo parametra mozhet privesti k tomu, chto procedura obnovleniya ekrana nachnet Vas razadrazhat'. Po-vidimomu znachenie max_dirt_limit, ravnoe 10, obespechivaet nailuchshij vybor, i imenno takoe znachenie ustanavlivaetsya po umolchaniyu. ^Tmouse_move_pages. Opredelyaet, budet li prokrutka informacii (scrolling) v panelyah, osushchestvlyaemaya s pomoshch'yu myshki, proiz- vodit'sya stranicami ili na odnu stroku. ^Tmouse_move_pages_viewer. Opredelyaet, budet li prokrutka informacii (scrolling) vo vstroennoj programme prosmotra, osushchestvlyaemaya s pomoshch'yu myshki, proizvodit'sya stranicami ili na odnu stroku. ^Told_esc_mode Po umolchaniyu Midnight Commander traktuet nazhatie na klavishu ESC kak dejstvie, predshestvuyushchee nazhatiyu kakoj-to drugoj klavishi (old_esc_mode=0), i sovmestno obra- batyvaet kombinaciyu <Esc-key>. Esli ustanovit' etu opciyu v 1 (old_esc_mode=1), to programma budet ozhidat' nazhatiya vtoroj klavishi tol'ko v techenie 1 sekundy, i esli za eto vremya ni odna klavisha ne nazhata, to ESC interpretiruetsya kak trebovanie otkaza ot vypolneniya predydushchej komandy (ESC ESC). ^Tonly_leading_plus_minus ustanavlivaet special'nyj rezhim obrabotki simvolov '+', '-', '*' v komandnoj stroke. |ti simvoly ispol'zuyutsya dlya vybora, otmeny vybora i invertiro- vaniya vybora, no vypolnyayut takuyu funkciyu tol'ko esli komand- naya stroka pusta. V seredine komandnoj stroki eti simvoly uzhe ne vyzyvayut vypolneniya operacij gruppovogo vybora, no zato Vy ne smozhete vypolnit' takie operacii, esli komandnaya stroka ne pusta. ^Tpanel_scroll_pages Esli opciya ustanovlena (po umolchaniyu ona ustanovlena), to kogda kusor (podsvetka) dostigaet konca ili nachala spiska fajlov, otobrazhaemogo na paneli, budet proizvodit'sya smeshchenie na polovinu etogo spiska (to est' polovina otobrazhaemogo spiska ostaetsya na ekrane, a polovina propadaet, zamenyayas' sleduyushchimi punktami obshchego spiska). Esli opciya ne ustanovlena, proishodit smeshchenie tol'ko na odnu stroku. ^Tpreserve_uidgid Esli opciya ustanovlena, to logirovavshis' kak root, Vy ne budete izmenyat' UID i GID fajlov. Nekotorye pol'zovateli predpochitayut otklyuchat' etu opciyu. ^Tshow_output_starts_shell |ta peremennaya rabotaet tol'ko v tom sluchae, kogda ne vklyuchena podderzhka subshell. Esli ona ustanovlena, to pri nazhatii C-o dlya perehoda v ekran pol'zovatelya, Vy budete zapuskat' novyj ekzemplyar obolochki. ^Ttorben_fj_mode Ustanovka etoj opcii slegka izmenyaet reakciyu programmy na nazhatie klavish Home i End v aktivnoj paneli. Vmesto togo, chtoby peremeshchat' podsvetku (kursor) k pervomu ili poslednemu iz imen fajlov, otobrazhennyh na paneli, nazha- tie etih klavish budet vyzyvat' sleduyushchuyu reakciyu: klavisha Home - peremeshchenie kursra vverh do serediny paneli, esli kursor byl nizhe, v protivnom sluchae peremeshchenie na samuyu verhnyuyu stroku; esli tol'ko kursor uzhe na samoj verhnej stroke, to peremeshchenie na samuyu pervuyu stroku spiska fajlov. klavisha End vyzyvaet analogichnuyu reakciyu - smeshchenie vniz do serediny paneli, esli kursor byl vyshe; esli nizhe - to perehod na poslednyuyu otobrazhaemuyu v paneli stroku; esli uzhe na poslednej stroke, to premeshchenie kursora na samuyu poslednyuyu stroku spiska fajlov. ^Tuse_file_to_guess_type Kogda eta opciya vklyuchena, budet vyzyvat'sya komanda obrabotki fajla, opredelyaemaya po rasshire- niyu v sootvetstvii s tipami fajlov, ukazannymi v mc.ext.Extension File Edit ^Txterm_mode Esli eta peremennaya vklyuchena (po umolchaniyu ona otklyuchena), to pri prosmotre v odnoj iz panelej struktury dereva katalogov vo vtoroj paneli avtomaticheski budet otobrazhat'sya spisok fajlov vybrannogo kataloga. [Terminal databases] Bazy terminalov (Terminal databases) Midnight Commander obespechivaet vozmozhnost' vneseniya isprav- lenij v sistemnuyu bazu terminalov, dazhe esli Vy ne obladae- te pravami superpol'zovatelya. Midnight Commander ishchet v sis- temnom inicializacionnom fajle (fajl mc.lib v bibliotechnom kataloge programmy Midnight Commander) ili v fajle ~/.mc/ini sekciyu s nazvaniem "terminal:your-terminal-name", a zatem sekciyu "terminal:general". Kazhdaya stroka v etih sekciyah soderzhit klyuchevoe slovo, kotoroe Vy hotite opredelit', za kotorym sleduet znak ravenstva i opredelenie klyuchevogo slova. Special'nyj simvol \E ispol'zuetsya dlya zadaniya escape- posledovatel'nostej, a ^x sluzhit dlya zadaniya posledovatel'- nostej vida control-x . V kachestve klyuchevyh slov ispol'zuyutsya: f0 - f20 opredelyaet posledovatel'nost' simvolov, generiruemyh pri nazhatii na funkcional'nye klavishi f0-f20 bs opredelyaet posledovatel'nost' simvolov, kotoraya budet ispol'zovat'sya vmesto klavishi backspace home to zhe dlya klavishi Home end to zhe dlya klavishi end up to zhe dlya klavishi "strelka vverh" down to zhe dlya klavishi "strelka vniz" left to zhe dlya klavishi "strelka vlevo" right to zhe dlya klavishi "strelka vpravo" pgdn to zhe dlya klavishi page down pgup to zhe dlya klavishi page up insert to zhe dlya klavishi insert delete to zhe dlya klavishi delete complete kombinaciya klavish dlya vypolneniya operacii "zavershenie vvoda" Naprimer, dlya togo, chtoby zadat', chto vmesto klavishi insert budet ispol'zovat'sya kombinaciya klavish Escape + [ + O + p , nuzhno v fajle ini propisat' stroku: insert=\\E[Op Operaciya "zavershenie vvoda" obychno vyzyvaetsya po klavisham M-tab , no zadav znachenie klyuchevogo slova ^Tcomplete mozhno vyzyvat' takuyu zhe reakciyu sistemy po drugoj kombinacii klavish (pochemu by ne sdelat' eto, esli u Vas klaviatura, imeyushchaya massu neispol'zuemyh klavish!). [QueryBox] Dialogovye okna zaprosov V oknah zaprosov dlya vybora kakogo-libo varianta otveta (kotorye obychno zadayutsya v vide ekrannyh knopok) Vy mozhete ispol'zovat' libo klavishi so strelkami, libo vybrat' otvet putem nazhatiya klavishi s vydelennoj v nazvanii knopki bukvoj, libo shchelknuv po nuzhnoj knopke myshkoj. [FILES] Fajly Ispolnyaemye fajly programmy (mc , mcedit , mcmfmt ) nahodyatsya v kataloge /usr/bin . Krome togo, dva skripta (mc.csh , mc.sh ) s funkciyami, neobhodimymi dlya zapuska programmy s opciej -P (sm. razdel Opcii zapuskaOPTIONS), nahodyatsya v kataloge /etc/profile.d . Programma izvlekaet vsyu nuzhnuyu ej informaciyu iz fajlov, puti k kotorym opredelyayutsya otnositel'no peremennoj okruzheniya MCHOME . Esli eta peremennaya ne zadana, proishodit obrashchenie k tak nazyvaemomu bibliotechnomu katalogu programmy Midnight Commander. Dlya togo, chtoby uznat' imya etogo kataloga, dajte komandu mc -f . V privodimyh nizhe imenah fajlov schitaetsya, chto takim katalogom yavlyaetsya katalog /usr/lib/mc . V etom kataloge raspolozheny sleduyushchie fajly: /usr/lib/mc/mc.hlp Fajl podskazki dlya programmy. /usr/lib/mc/mc.lib Global'nye ustanovki dlya Midnight Commander. |ti ustanovki ispol'zuyutsya lyubym zapuskaemym ekzemplyarom Midnight Commander-a, a poetomu ispol'zuyutsya v osnovnom dlya zadaniya ustanovok terminalov (to define site-global terminal settings). /usr/lib/mc/mc.ext Ispol'zuemyj po umolchaniyu obshchesistemnyj fajl rasshirenij. /usr/lib/mc/mc.ini Ispol'zuemyj po umolchaniyu obshchesistemnyj fajl ustano- vok dlya Midnight Commander; ispol'zuetsya tol'ko v teh sluchayah, kogda pol'zovatel' ne imeet svoego fajla ~/.mc/ini . /usr/lib/mc/mc.hint |tot fajl soderzhit podskazki (hints ili cookies), ciklicheski otobrazhaemye programmoj. /usr/lib/mc/mc.menu |tot fajl soderzhit obshchesistemnoe menyu prilozhenij. Krome togo, bibliotechnyj katalog programmy soderzhit podkatalog bin , v kotorom raspolozhena podprogramma cons.saver, i podkata- log extfs s podprogrammami obrabotki fajlov virtual'nyh fajlo- vyh sistem. V domashnem kataloge lyubogo pol'zovatelya mogut byt' sozdany sleduyushchie fajly: ~/.mc/ext Pol'zovatel'skij fajl rasshirenij, konfiguracii programm prosmotra i redaktirovaniya fajlov. Esli etot fajl sushchestvuet, to zadannye v nem ustanovki ispol'zuyutsya vmesto ustanovok, opredelennyh v obshche- sistemnom fajle ~/.mc/ini Sobstvennye ustanovki pol'zovatelya. Esli takoj fajl sushchestvuet, to ustanovki zagruzhayutsya iz nego, a ne iz obshchesistemnogo inicializacionnogo fajla programmy. ~/.mc/menu Sobstvennoe menyu pol'zovatelya. Esli etot fajl sushchest- vuet, on ispol'zuetsya vmesto obshchesistemnogo menyu. ~/.mc/tree Spisok katalogov dlya okna, vyvodimogo pri vybore punkta menyu "Komanda/Derevo katalogov" ili pri pro- smotre dereva katalogov v odnoj iz panelej. Kazhdaya stroka fajla sootvetstvuet podkatalogu. Stroki, nachi- nayushchiesya so slesha ("/") sootvetsvuyut polnym putyam. Esli stroka nachinaetsya s cifry, to nado vzyat' ukazan- noe chislo simvolov iz imeni predydushchego kataloga. Pri zhelanii Vy mozhete sozdat' etot fajl, dav komandu "find / -type d -print | sort > ~/.mc.tree". Obychno ne imeet smysla delat' eto, potomu chto Midnight Commander avtomaticheski obnovlyaet etot fajl. V lyubom kataloge mozhet byt' sozdan fajl .mc.menu , soderzhashchij lokal'noe menyu, zadavaemoe pol'zovatelem. Esli etot fajl sushchestvuet, on ispol'zuetsya vmesto fajla menyu iz domashnego kataloga pol'zovatelya i obshchesistemnogo menyu. V kataloge /usr/doc/mc-4.5.30 raspolozheny 4 tekstovyh fajla, v kotoryh Vy mozhete najti kratkie svedeniya o programme (fajl README ), o tom, chem otlichayutsya drug ot druga versii programmy (NEWS ), otvety na nekotorye chasto zadavaemye voprosy (FAQ ) i tekst licenzii GNU, pod kotoroj rasprostranyaetsya programma (COPYING ). Pri ustanovke rpm-paketa s programmoj Midnight Commander avtomaticheski ustanavlivayutsya dve stranicy interaktivnogo rukovodstva man: /usr/man/man1/mc.1 i /usr/man/man1/mcedit.1 . [AVAILABILITY] Obnovlenie versij Poslednie versii programmy Midnight Commander mozhno najti na sajte ^Tftp.nuclecu.unam.mx v kataloge /linux/local ili na evropejskih sajtah ^Tsunsite.mff.cuni.cz v kataloge /GNU/mc i ^Tftp.teuto.de v kataloge /lmb/mc. [SEE ALSO] Drugie istochniki ed(1), gpm(1), mcserv(8), terminfo(1), view(1), sh(1), bash(1), tcsh(1), zsh(1). Stranica, posvyashchennaya Midnight Commander, v World Wide Web: http://www.gnome.org/mc/ [AUTHORS] AVTORY Miguel de Icaza (miguel@roxanne.nuclecu.unam.mx), Janne Kukonlehto (jtklehto@paju.oulu.fi), Radek Doulik (rodo@ucw.cz), Fred Leeflang (fredl@nebula.ow.org), Dugan Porter (dugan@b011.eunet.es), Jakub Jelinek (jj@sunsite.mff.cuni.cz), Ching Hui (mr854307@cs.nthu.edu.tw), Andrej Borsenkow (borsenkow.msk@sni.de), Norbert Warmuth (nwarmuth@privat.circular.de), Mauricio Plaza (mok@roxanne.nuclecu.unam.mx), Paul Sheer (psheer@icon.co.za) and Pavel Machek (pavel@ucw.cz) are the developers of this package; Alessandro Rubini (rubini@ipvvis.unipv.it) has been especially helpful debugging and enhancing the program's mouse support, John Davis (davis@space.mit.edu) also made his S-Lang library available to us under the GPL and answered my questions about it, and the following people have contributed code and many bug fixes (in alphabetical order): Adam Tla/lka (atlka@sunrise.pg.gda.pl), alex@bcs.zp.ua (Alex I. Tkachenko), Antonio Palama, DOS port (palama@posso.dm.unipi.it), Erwin van Eijk (wabbit@corner.iaf.nl), Gerd Knorr (kraxel@cs.tu-berlin.de), Jean-Daniel Luiset (luiset@cih.hcuge.ch), Jon Stevens (root@dolphin.csudh.edu), Juan Francisco Grigera, Win32 port (j-grigera@usa.net), Juan Jose Ciarlante (jjciarla@raiz.uncu.edu.ar), Ilya Rybkin (rybkin@rouge.phys.lsu.edu), Marcelo Roccasalva (mfroccas@raiz.uncu.edu.ar), Massimo Fontanelli (MC8737@mclink.it), Pavel Roskin (pavel_roskin@geocities.com), Sergey Ya. Korshunoff (root@seyko.msk.su), Thomas Pundt (pundtt@math.uni-muenster.de), Timur Bakeyev (timur@bat.ru), Tomasz Cholewo (tjchol01@mecca.spd.louisville.edu), Torben Fjerdingstad (torben.fjerdingstad@uni-c.dk), Vadim Sinolitis (vvs@nsrd.npi.msu.su) and Wim Osterholt (wim@djo.wtm.tudelft.nl). Perevod na russkij yazyk teksta podskazki Viktor Kostromin (kos@nbrt.kazan.su) [BUGS] Nedorabotki (BUGS) Izvestnye avtoram nedorabotki programmy perechisleny v fajle TODO, kotoryj Vy mozhete najti v sostave postavlyaemogo paketa. Esli Vy obnaruzhili v programme kakie-to nedostatki ili nedo- rabotki, prishlite, pozhalujsta, Vashi zamechanie po e-mail na adres: ^Tmc-bugs@roxanne.nuclecu.unam.mx . Dajte v pis'me podrobnoe opisanie obnaruzhennyh nedostatkov (i/ili Vashih predlozhenij po usovershentsvovaniyu programmy), soobshchite versiyu programmy s kotoroj Vy rabotaete (dlya polu- cheniya nomera versii nado dat' komandu mc -V), v kakoj opera- cionnoj sisteme Vy zapuskali programmu. V sluchae, esli pro- gramma zavisaet, my budem ochen' blagodarny, esli Vy prishlete kopiyu steka operativnoj pamyati (a stack trace). [main]  lqwqk k k  x x x . x . x  x x x k lqu wqk k lqw tqk n  x x x x x x x x x x x x x x  v v v mqv v v v mqu v v mj qqqqqqCommander qj   Version  Sejchas Vy vidite glavnoe okno interaktivnoj podskazki po programme GNU Midnight Commander versii 4.5.30. CHtoby uznat', kak pol'zovat'sya podskazkoj, nazhmite klavishu EnterHow to use help, inache perehodite k perechnyu razdelovContents podskazki. Programma Midnight Commander postavlyaetsya ABSOLYUTNO BEZ VSYAKIH GARANTIJWarranty. |to svobodno rasprostranyaemoe programmnoe obespechenie, sozdannoe gruppoj avtorovAUTHORS. Vy mozhete peredavat' ego drugim pri uslovii soblyudeniya trebovanij licenzii GNULicense (prochitajte perevodLicense-ru etoj licenzii). Perevod teksta podskazki na russkij yazyk Kostromin V.A., 1999g. [License] GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 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The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.) These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author> This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. [License-ru] UNIVERSALXNAYA OBSHCHESTVENNAYA LICENZIYA GNU Versiya 2, iyun' 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA (C) Perevod. O.V. Kuzina, V.M. YUfa, 1993 (C) Perevod. O.S. Tihonov, 1998 Vsem razreshaetsya kopirovat' i rasprostranyat' doslovnye kopii etogo licenzionnogo dokumenta, no izmenyat' ego nel'zya. Preambula Licenzii na bol'shuyu chast' programmnogo obespecheniya (PO) sos- tavleny tak, chtoby lishit' vas svobody sovmestno ispol'zovat' i izmenyat' ego. Naprotiv, Universal'naya Obshchestvennaya Licenziya GNU prednaznachena garantirovat' vashu svobodu sovmestno is- pol'zovat' i izmenyat' svobodnoe PO, t.e. udostoverit', chto PO yavlyaetsya svobodnym dlya vseh ego pol'zovatelej. |ta Univer- sal'naya Obshchestvennaya Licenziya primenima k bol'shej chasti PO Fonda Svobodnogo PO i ko vsem drugim programmam, ch'i avtory prinimayut na sebya obyazatel'stva ee ispol'zovat'. (Vmesto nee dlya chasti PO Fonda Svobodnogo PO primenyaetsya Universal'naya Obshchestvennaya Licenziya GNU dlya bibliotek.) Vy tozhe mozhete ispol'zovat' ee dlya svoih programm. Kogda my govorim o svobodnom PO, my imeem v vidu svobodu, a ne cenu. Predpolagaetsya, chto nashi Universal'nye Obshchestvennye Licenzii garantiruyut, chto vy pol'zuetes' svobodoj rasprostra- nyat' kopii svobodnogo PO (i poluchat' za eto voznagrazhdenie, esli vy togo zhelaete); chto vy poluchaete ishodnyj kod ili mozhete poluchit' ego, esli zahotite; chto vy mozhete izmenyat' PO ili ispol'zovat' ego chasti v novyh svobodnyh programmah; i chto vy znaete, chto vy mozhete vse eto delat'. CHtoby zashchitit' vashi prava, nam nuzhno vvesti takie ograniche- niya, kotorye zapretyat komu by to ni bylo otkazyvat' vam v etih pravah ili potrebovat' ot vas otkazat'sya ot etih prav. |ti ogranicheniya perevodyatsya v nekotorye obyazatel'stva dlya vas, esli vy rasprostranyaete kopii PO ili esli vy modifici- ruete ego. Naprimer, esli vy rasprostranyaete kopii takoj programmy besplatno ili za voznagrazhdenie, vy dolzhny predostavit' poluchatelyam vse prava, kotorymi vy obladaete. Vy dolzhny garantirovat', chto oni tozhe poluchat ili smogut poluchit' ishodnyj kod. I vy dolzhny pokazat' im eti usloviya, chtoby oni znali o svoih pravah. My zashchishchaem vashi prava v dva etapa: (1) sohranyaem avtorskie prava na PO i (2) predlagaem vam etu licenziyu, kotoraya daet vam zakonnoe pravo kopirovat', rasprostranyat' i/ili modifi- cirovat' PO. Takzhe, chtoby zashchitit' nas i kazhdogo avtora, my hotim udosto- verit'sya, chto vse ponimayut, chto garantij na eto svobodnoe PO net. Esli PO modificiruetsya i peredaetsya kem-to eshche, my hotim, chtoby poluchateli PO znali, chto to, chto u nih est' -- eto ne original, chtoby lyubye problemy, sozdannye drugimi, ne otrazilis' na reputacii pervonachal'nyh avtorov. I nakonec, kazhdoj svobodnoj programme postoyanno ugrozhayut pa- tenty na PO. My hotim izbezhat' opasnosti, chto povtornye ras- prostraniteli svobodnoj programmy samostoyatel'no poluchat pa- tenty, delaya programmu takim obrazom chastnoj sobstvennost'yu. CHtoby predotvratit' eto, my yavno zayavlyaem, chto lyuboj patent dolzhen byt' libo predostavlen vsem dlya svobodnogo ispol'zo- vaniya, libo ne predostavlen nikomu. Nizhe sleduyut tochnye opredeleniya i usloviya dlya kopirovaniya, rasprostraneniya i modifikacii. OPREDELENIYA I USLOVIYA DLYA KOPIROVANIYA, RASPROSTRANENIYA I MODIFIKACII 1. |ta Licenziya primenima k lyuboj programme ili drugomu proizvedeniyu, soderzhashchemu uvedomlenie, pomeshchennoe derzha- telem avtorskih prav i soobshchayushchee o tom, chto ono mozhet rasprostranyat'sya pri usloviyah, ogovorennyh v dannoj Uni- versal'noj Obshchestvennoj Licenzii. V posleduyushchem termin "Programma" otnositsya k lyuboj takoj programme ili proiz- vedeniyu, a termin "proizvedenie, osnovannoe na Programme" oznachaet Programmu ili lyuboe proizvedenie, soderzhashchee Programmu ili ee chast', doslovnuyu, ili modificirovannuyu, i/ili perevedennuyu na drugoj yazyk. (Zdes' i dalee perevod vklyuchaetsya bez ogranichenij v ponyatie "modifikaciya".) Kazhdyj obladatel' licenzii adresuetsya kak "vy". Vidy deya- tel'nosti, ne yavlyayushchiesya kopirovaniem, rasprostraneniem ili modifikaciej ne ohvatyvayutsya etoj Licenziej; oni za predelami ee vliyaniya. Ispol'zovanie Programmy po ee funk- cional'nomu naznacheniyu ne ogranicheno, i vyhodnye dannye Programmy ohvatyvayutsya etoj Licenziej, tol'ko esli ih so- derzhanie yavlyaetsya proizvedeniem, osnovannym na Programme (vne zavisimosti ot togo, byli li oni polucheny v processe ispol'zovaniya Programmy). YAvlyayutsya li oni takovymi, zavi- sit ot togo, chto imenno delaet Programma. 2. Vy mozhete kopirovat' i rasprostranyat' doslovnye kopii is- hodnogo koda Programmy po ego poluchenii na lyubom nosite- le, pri uslovii chto vy sootvetstvuyushchim obrazom pomeshchaete na vidnom meste v kazhdoj kopii sootvetstvuyushchee uvedomle- nie ob avtorskih pravah i otkaz ot garantij; ostavlyaete netronutymi vse uvedomleniya, otnosyashchiesya k dannoj Licen- zii i k otsutstviyu kakih-libo garantij; i peredaete vsem drugim poluchatelyam Programmy kopiyu dannoj Licenzii vmeste s Programmoj. Vy mozhete naznachit' platu za fizicheskij akt peredachi kopii i mozhete po svoemu usmotreniyu predostav- lyat' garantii za voznagrazhdenie. 3. Vy mozhete izmenyat' svoyu kopiyu ili kopii Programmy ili lyuboj ee chasti, sozdavaya takim obrazom proizvedenie, os- novannoe na Programme, i kopirovat' i rasprostranyat' eti modifikacii ili proizvedenie v sootvetstvii s Razdelom 1, privedennym vyshe, pri uslovii, chto vy vypolnite vse nizhe- sleduyushchie usloviya: 1. Vy obyazany snabdit' modificirovannye fajly zametnymi uvedomleniyami, soderzhashchimi ukazaniya na to, chto vy izmenili fajly, i datu kazhdogo izmeneniya. 2. Vy obyazany predostavit' vsem tret'im licam licenziyu na besplatnoe