\input style %%122 ${1\over4}N^2$ ${1\over4}N^2$ . , , $N\log_2N$ ${1\over4}N^2$ . 텑 , " ", ${1\over8}N^2$.  " " $N^{1.3}$ $N$, ; $N\to\infty$ $N(\log_2N)^2$. 䀋 --- --- , ${1\over4}N^2$ , 0 $2N$ . 쎆 , $N\log N$, , , \picture{. 13.  󈋅 .} ?  : . 򀊀 1957~. .~.~󈋅, , . 򎃄 , , , , .  󈋅 [. A. S. Douglas, {\sl Comp. J.,\/} {\bf 2} (1959), 5] ; , .~13. , %% 123 1958~. ..~ᅐ- [. {\sl Comp. J.\/}, {\bf 3} (1960), 174, 184]. , , .~ 6. 噅 --- . 呋, , 1000 998 , S ( $R_{999}$, $R_{1000}$). , , $K_{999}$ c $K_{1000}$ , , \emph{} . ꎌ $(2/3)N$ (. .~3.4.2--5) , $N/2$ . 荀 , "" , , . 呋 , , , . \section 񎐒 . 򅏅 , , , !  , - . ‘ --- . 󑋛 , , , -, ~.~. , : , , . ( , , .) 򀊎 葀 񈍃, [{\sl JACM\/}, {\bf 3} (1956), 169--174]; ꐎ 򀐒 [Proc. ACM Nat'l Conf., {\bf 21} (1966), 331--337]. 񎐒 , , , . (. ( 5.2D), %% 124 \bye