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4. X Window

, X Window . X Window. .

.

4.1 X Window

, , . , KOI8-R , - , xlsfonts , X Font Path.

X Window KOI8-R KOI8-R Cronyx, 1995 . XFree86.

( ) X Window - .

X-window X-window.

X windows CYR_RFX.

, , . , - , , :

  1. 'xlsfonts | grep koi8'. , X .
  2. , 
    find / -name crox\*.pcf\*
    , . X , - .

, :

  1. ftp . X-window X-window.
  2. , , . , , . , , /usr/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic .
  3. BDF (*.bdf ), . : 
    bdftopcf -o <font>.pcf <font>.bdf
    gzip ( X ): 
    gzip *.pcf
    - , "" fonts.alias , , .
  4. X , . fonts.dir. . : 
    cd "   "
mkfontdir .
  5. X . : 
    xset +fp <  >
xset fp rehash
    '+fp' - , . , , , fixed, fixed font , . , xset +fp .
  6. X Window. , , , . xfontsel (1x), .

X , X . , ~/.Xdefaults: 

*font:         6x13

( 'xset q'), , - , - , .

. X , , ( , editres (1x)) , . : 

$ xterm -font '-cronyx-*-bold-*-*-*-19-*-*-*-*-*-*-*'

... xterm ; 

$ xfontsel -xrm '*quitButton.font: -*-times-*-*-*-*-13-*-*-*-*-*-koi8-*'

... Cyrillic Times Quit xfontsel.

4.2 TrueType

TrueType, Windows, , X. , TrueType .

TrueType.

, X Window. TrueType XFSFT X. TrueType XFree86.

X TrueType (Acelerated X, Metro X).

: , .

, TrueType - X Window - X Window

, - cp1251, TrueType - fonts.dir fonts.scale - : 

12 
timesi.ttf -monotype-Times New Roman-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-cp1251 
timesbi.ttf -monotype-Times New Roman-bold-i-normal-0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-cp1251 
timesbd.ttf -monotype-Times New Roman-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-cp1251 
times.ttf -monotype-Times New Roman-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-cp1251 
couri.ttf -monotype-Courier New-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-microsoft-cp1251 
courbi.ttf -monotype-Courier New-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-microsoft-cp1251 
courbd.ttf -monotype-Courier New-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-microsoft-cp1251 
cour.ttf -monotype-Courier New-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-microsoft-cp1251 
ariali.ttf -monotype-Arial-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-cp1251 
arialbi.ttf -monotype-Arial-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-cp1251 
arialbd.ttf -monotype-Arial-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-cp1251 
arial.ttf -monotype-Arial-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-cp1251

, encodings.dir, : 

1 
microsoft-cp1251 /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/encodings/microsoft-cp1251.enc.gz

KOI8-R, microsoft-cp1251 koi8-r.

, : : 

xfstt ... --encoding koi8-r,windows-1251,iso8859-1

X Window - , xfontsel ttf .

4.3

X (X11R61 ) "" : , xmodmap (. xmodmap) ( , ), - Xkb X KeyBoard ( Xkb).

Xkb

( ) Xkb

X-, XKB , " "  XKB.

, XKB . xkbcomp, , XKB.

, xkbcomp , .

, XKB, 5

{XROOT}/lib/X11/xkb ( , {XKBROOT}).

, XKB, X- Keyboard.

XKB, X-, XkbRules, XkbModel, XkbLayout , - - XkbVariant XkbOptions.

, 

XkbRules        "xfree86"
XkbModel        "pc104"
XkbLayout       "ru"
XkbVariant      "winkeys"
XkbOptions      "grp:shift_toggle"

, XKB , {XKBROOT}/rules/xfree86, "pc104" (104 ), ( " "), - "" ( , ). "windows"  , XkbVariant "winkeys", - "". " " - "grp:shift_toggle".

.

- " - /".

:

  1. grp:toggle - Alt,
  2. grp:shift_toggle - shift,
  3. grp:ctrl_shift_toggle - ctrl+shift,
  4. grp:ctrl_alt_toggle - ctrl+alt.
  5. grp:switch - Alt
  6. ctrl:ctrl_ac - CapsLock

, ""  (symbols/ru) " " - /, ""  CapsLock. - " "  " ". , , , / ( ). , , CapsLock, . , , "" .

( 3.3.4) XFree "" " ". , - - "" XKB.

- X-window.

XFree86 XF86Setup.

" " "" (XkbRules) - xfree86. "" (XkbModel), "" (XkbLayout) " " ( "/").

, " Ctrl". , XkbOptions.

. XF86Setup, Keyboard. Model ( ) Layout (). ( ) " " , - " Ctrl".

XFree Keyboard.

xkb - xxkb .

Offtopic: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/compat/iso9995 

   indicator "Group2" {


   indicator "Scroll Lock" {

Scroll Lock .

xmodmap

X-Window ( - 3.3.3) Xkb ( Xkb) .

xmodmap , , Xkb!.

Xkb, XF86Config Keyboard , Xkb ( ). : 

XkbDisable

xmodmap , . , .

xmodmap, , . , . xruskb, xmodmap.

4.4 X Window

. , , , .

, . BDF- trbdf trscripts.

ibm855, ibm866, iso-8859-5, koi8-c, koi8-r, koi8-u, mac-cyrillic, mik, unicode ecma-cyrillic. , , , KOI8-U KOI8-R.

cp1251, , XFree . :

  1. cp1251 (. Mandrake Linux).
  2. XFree. cp1251 XFree 3.3.5 4.0 .
  3. , : locale.alias ( /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale) 
    be_BY.CP1251            en_US.ISO8859-1
    be_BY.CP1251 . ( , bg_BG .)

xmodmap, . Xkb , cp1251. 

    key <AD01> {        [               q,               Q      ],
                        [ Cyrillic_shorti, Cyrillic_SHORTI      ]       };


    key <AD01> {        [               q,               Q      ],
                        [            0xe9,            0xc9      ]       };

. XFree 4.0.0 KOI8-U. KOI8-U, , cp1251.

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