mmonDesktopEnvironment : 1) LANG dtlogin, .profile 2) /usr/dt/bin/Xsession DT=true ( xterm ). .profile : if [ ! "$DT" ] ; then ... stty -istrip cs8 erase "^H" kill "^U" swtch "^-" ... LANG=... ... fi ~~~~~~~~ /etc/dt/backdrops/*.pm XPM. /etc/dt/config/Xresources Dtlogin*logo*bitmapFile: /etc/dt/backdrops/cat.pm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ xdm, .xsession-errors . . XDM , , /var/tmp/xdm-errors. - CDE /var/dt/Xerrors $HOME/.dt/startlog $HOME/.dt/errorlog $HOME/.dt/sessionlogs/* , $HOME/.dtprofile ( , ): # export dtstart_sessionlogfile="/dev/null"   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " ! ." xlogin: - XDM login: - , , , ... - , xlogin . , ~/.profile ( ~/.xsession-errors). , - . : - XDM login: - , , . ... xterm. 8 24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ xdm SPARCstation 5 24- frame buffer- S24 X server defaultdepth=8 , 24 (defaultdepth = ). 24 , () $OPENWINHOME/lib/xdm/StartOW : # Start X server on S24 frame buffer (for SS5) in 8 bit mode, not 24. if [ -c /dev/fbs/tcx0 ] ; then pass="$pass -dev /dev/fbs/tcx0 defdepth 8" fi SX X-server 24- , : ( -) # Start X server on SX frame buffer (for SS20) in 24 bit mode. # if [ -c /dev/fbs/cgfourteen0 ] ; then # pass="$pass -dev /dev/fbs/cgfourteen0 defdepth 24" # fi depth X-server, : a) xdpyinfo b) ps -ef | fgrep X ( X-server). man X11 openwin xdm Xserver Xsun ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/openwin/bin/openwin /usr/openwin/bin/X $DISPLAY -auth $HOME/.xsun.`uname -n`$DISPLAY xdm /usr/openwin/bin/X $DISPLAY -auth /var/tmp/A$DISPLAY- ------------------------- xprop - xlsclients -l - X- xdpyinfo - X xev - keysym keycode . .   ----------------------------- , , . , Prog*fontList: XLFD-fontname . : , X- , FONTPATH ( xset -q). ~~~~~~ xset +fp cyrill-aliases , . , : fonts.dir ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 , 0 . fonts.alias ... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Helvetica "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -b&h-lucida-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 \ "-paragraph-JournalSansCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" , , . , = $LANG . fonts.alias -8: -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8" -adobe-courier-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8" -adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8" -adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8" -adobe-times-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-times-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-times-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-times-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-helvetica-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" , ( /usr/openwin/lib/locale/C/OWfontpath ). $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-aliases++ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ alias-, /usr/openwin/lib/locale/C/OWfontpath Sun- ShowMe. ShowMe 4 XLFD : -*-helvetica-bold-r-*--12-* -*-helvetica-bold-r-*--14-* -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--24-* -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-70-iso8859-1 -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--14-140-75-75-p-82-iso8859-1 -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-p-98-iso8859-1 -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-p-130-iso8859-1 , -adobe- , XLFD . : -ada-helvetica-bold-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-70-iso8859-1 -ada-helvetica-bold-r-normal--14-140-75-75-p-82-iso8859-1 -ada-helvetica-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-p-98-iso8859-1 -ada-helvetica-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-p-130-iso8859-1 , -adobe-* , . , , Open Vision HA *hel*-b*-r-*-14-* *hel*-b*-r-*-18-* . : 1) OWfontpath !$OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-aliases++ (). 2) ( ) % xset -fp $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-aliases++ ( )  PostScript Adobe Type I . ===================================== Paragraph. : <> -fn <ߔ>-<__> xfd -fn XeniaExtendedC-Bold-40 xterm -fn AcademyC-14 xfd - , , . , '+', PostScript , HP LaserJet 4 ( ). NeWSprint , . . PC: Courier866-normal Courier866-Bold Courier866-BoldItalic Courier866-Italic : MS Windows 1251 ISO 8859/5 -8 AcademyC-Bold AcademyC5-Bold AcademyCK-Bold + AcademyC-Italic AcademyC5-Italic AcademyCK-Italic AcademyC AcademyC5 AcademyCK AdverGothicC AdverGothicC5 AdverGothicCK AstronC AstronC5 AstronCK + BalticaC-Bold BalticaC5-Bold BalticaCK-Bold + BalticaC-Italic BalticaC5-Italic BalticaCK-Italic + BalticaC BalticaC5 BalticaCK BetinaScriptC-Bold BetinaScriptC5-Bold BetinaScriptCK-Bold BetinaScriptC BetinaScriptC5 BetinaScriptCK + BodoniC-Bold BodoniC5-Bold BodoniCK-Bold + BodoniC-BoldItalic BodoniC5-BoldItalic BodoniCK-BoldItalic + BodoniC-Italic BodoniC5-Italic BodoniCK-Italic + BodoniC BodoniC5 BodoniCK + BodoniCondC BodoniCondC5 BodoniCondCK CompactC-Bold CompactC5-Bold CompactCK-Bold CompactC-BoldItalic CompactC5-BoldItalic CompactCK-BoldItalic CompactC-Italic CompactC5-Italic CompactCK-Italic CompactC CompactC5 CompactCK CorridaC CorridaC5 CorridaCK CourierC-Bold CourierC5-Bold CourierCK-Bold CourierC-BoldItalic CourierC5-BoldItalic CourierCK-BoldItalic CourierC-Italic CourierC5-Italic CourierCK-Italic CourierC CourierC5 CourierCK DecorC DecorC5 DecorCK DidonaC DidonaC5 DidonaCK FreeSetC-Bold FreeSetC5-Bold FreeSetCK-Bold FreeSetC FreeSetC5 FreeSetCK FuturaEugeniaC FuturaEugeniaC5 FuturaEugeniaCK FuturisC FuturisC5 FuturisCK FuturisXC-Bold FuturisXC5-Bold FuturisXCK-Bold FuturisXC FuturisXC5 FuturisXCK FuturisXCondC-Bold FuturisXCondC5-Bold FuturisXCondCK-Bold FuturisXCondC FuturisXCondC5 FuturisXCondCK InformC-Bold InformC5-Bold InformCK-Bold InformC InformC5 InformCK IzhitsaC IzhitsaC5 IzhitsaCK JournalC-Bold JournalC5-Bold JournalCK-Bold JournalC-Italic JournalC5-Italic JournalCK-Italic JournalC JournalC5 JournalCK JournalSansC-Bold JournalSansC5-Bold JournalSansCK-Bold JournalSansC-Italic JournalSansC5-Italic JournalSansCK-Italic JournalSansC JournalSansC5 JournalSansCK LazurskiC-Bold LazurskiC5-Bold LazurskiCK-Bold LazurskiC-BoldItalic LazurskiC5-BoldItalic LazurskiCK-BoldItalic LazurskiC-Italic LazurskiC5-Italic LazurskiCK-Italic LazurskiC LazurskiC5 LazurskiCK MonoCondensedC-Bold MonoCondensedC5-Bold MonoCondensedCK-Bold MonoCondensedC-BoldItalic MonoCondensedC5-BoldItalic MonoCondensedCK-BoldItal MonoCondensedC-Italic MonoCondensedC5-Italic MonoCondensedCK-Italic MonoCondensedC MonoCondensedC5 MonoCondensedCK MyslC-Bold MyslC5-Bold MyslCK-Bold MyslC-BoldItalic MyslC5-BoldItalic MyslCK-BoldItalic MyslC-Italic MyslC5-Italic MyslCK-Italic MyslC MyslC5 MyslCK NewtonC-Bold NewtonC5-Bold NewtonCK-Bold NewtonC-BoldItalic NewtonC5-BoldItalic NewtonCK-BoldItalic NewtonC-Italic NewtonC5-Italic NewtonCK-Italic NewtonC NewtonC5 NewtonCK NewtonXC NewtonXC5 NewtonXCK ParsekC ParsekC5 ParsekCK PetersburgC-Bold PetersburgC5-Bold PetersburgCK-Bold PetersburgC-BoldItalic PetersburgC5-BoldItalic PetersburgCK-BoldItalic PetersburgC-Italic PetersburgC5-Italic PetersburgCK-Italic PetersburgC PetersburgC5 PetersburgCK PragmaticaC-Bold PragmaticaC5-Bold PragmaticaCK-Bold PragmaticaC-BoldItalic PragmaticaC5-BoldItalic PragmaticaCK-BoldItalic PragmaticaC-Italic PragmaticaC5-Italic PragmaticaCK-Italic PragmaticaC PragmaticaC5 PragmaticaCK PragmaticaCondC-Bold PragmaticaCondC5-Bold PragmaticaCondCK-Bold PragmaticaCondC PragmaticaCondC5 PragmaticaCondCK QuantAntiquaC-Bold QuantAntiquaC5-Bold QuantAntiquaCK-Bold QuantAntiquaC-Italic QuantAntiquaC5-Italic QuantAntiquaCK-Italic QuantAntiquaC QuantAntiquaC5 QuantAntiquaCK SchoolBookC-Bold SchoolBookC5-Bold SchoolBookCK-Bold SchoolBookC-BoldItalic SchoolBookC5-BoldItalic SchoolBookCK-BoldItalic SchoolBookC-Italic SchoolBookC5-Italic SchoolBookCK-Italic SchoolBookC SchoolBookC5 SchoolBookCK StandardPosterC StandardPosterC5 StandardPosterCK TextBookC-Bold TextBookC5-Bold TextBookCK-Bold TextBookC-Italic TextBookC5-Italic TextBookCK-Italic TextBookC TextBookC5 TextBookCK XeniaC XeniaC5 XeniaCK XeniaCondensedC XeniaCondensedC5 XeniaCondensedCK XeniaExtendedC-Bold XeniaExtendedC5-Bold XeniaExtendedCK-Bold XeniaExtendedC XeniaExtendedC5 XeniaExtendedCK XeniaWesternC-Italic XeniaWesternC5-Italic XeniaWesternCK-Italic ZhikharevC ZhikharevC5 ZhikharevCK  CDE ======================================= myfile.gif myfile.jpg /usr/local/bin/xv myfile.gif . "Save". XPM/FullColor/OK. Quit. myfile.xpm : mv myfile.xpm myfile.pm vi vi myfile.pm : ......" }; - . : sxpm myfile.pm . : mv myfile.pm /etc/dt/backdrops/myfile.pm . : $HOME/.dt/sessions/home/dt.resources Dtwm*0*ws4*backdrop*image: myfile 4 - workspace . ( dtlogin), /etc/dt/config/Xresources : Dtlogin*logo*bitmapFile: /etc/dt/backdrops/myfile.pm  . ========================= /usr/local, /opt/local. /usr/local , , GNU. /usr/local ( /opt/local) . , local 18 . , /usr/local ( ), ( /opt). 1) /usr/local/bin/olvwm, man olvwm man olvwmrc olvwm ( ), . ------------------------------------------------------------- | Meta ( ) + Fn. | ------------------------------------------------------------- $HOME/.olvwmrc, : Screen 4 { AnswerBook } Screen 5 { Audio } 2) , /usr/local/bin koi2iso < KOI_file > ISO_file koi2iso -from < ISO_file > KOI_file koi2win [-plain] < KOI_file > MS_Windows_file koi2win [-plain] -from < MS_Windows_file > KOI_file koi2dos - -8 IBM PC (MS DOS). koi2dos -from - -8 chcode [-replace] files.... chcode [-r] files.... . -replace ( -r) , . . : koi_8 mswcyr iso_8859_5 altdos 3) : xloadmap - , $LANG. - koi_8. xloadmap - . koi_8 iso_8859_5 mswcyr altdos 4) : whichlang - , . : whichlang -- xspy - , , . Compose CapsLock. xfonts - . cxterm - X- ( man cxterm). MIT xterm X Window System. ( Sun- ) OpenLook (XView) Motif. , CTRL + ߊ. , . /usr/local/bin/pseudographics . ! Adobe Type1 , - Courier866. , , ensc ( ), MS DOS Courier866-normal Courier866-Bold Courier866-Italic Courier866-BoldItalic pseudographics | ensc | dolp cxterm $SHELL, . SHELL=/bin/csh ( vcsh), csh ~/.cshrc cxterm -ls "login shell", : ~/.cshrc ~/.login csh $HOME/.profile sh, ksh cxterm : - - - - - . - . xterm.altdos - CP866 ( , MS DOS). gzip gunzip - GNU : *.z . gzip . gunzip *.z . zcat - *.z , zcat archive.tar.z | tar xvf - vcsh - csh ( man vcsh). wm - window manager - ( man wm). less - ( more), , . sxpm - XPM . xv - 3. freeware, bradley@cis.upenn.edu . xloadimage - , . xloadimage -help. : ~/.xinitrc ~/.openwin-init toolwait xloadimage -onroot /usr/openwin/share/images/raster/bg.rs cproto - (. man cproto) mailx - RelCom. - /usr/local/lib/mail man mailx. /usr/local/lib/mail/maildomain /usr/local/lib/mail/Mail.rc . From: headline From '$r <$u@$h>' ( Mail.rc), $u - , $h - . - (hostname). user@host.msk.su /usr/local/lib/mail/maildomain host.msk.su , - - . quatro - PostScript . , : zcat file.ps.gz | quatro -2z | dolp quatro -h killproc : killproc xclock strlook STREAMS . pcal - PostScript pcal -w man pcal : pcal | dolp pcal -w | dolp mosaic - Internet- . smtpgate - PC. README /usr/local/src/smtpgate/* pop2d - POP-2 . . webcp - WEB . /usr/local/src/webcp/* man vcsh man cbook man mime 5) Adobe Type I . man t1ascii (1), t1asm (1), t1binary (1), t1disasm (1), unpost (1).  . ====================== , : - LANG locale. - . - . , cxterm, , mswcyr. : #!/bin/sh xloadmap mswcyr LANG=ru.mswcyr cxterm -fn crcW-12 xloadmap # $LANG exit 0  . ========================= , TIMEZONE. 1) /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Moscow.src man zic man timezone , XXX Russia/Town. zic XXX /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Russia/Town 2) /etc/timezone -- Russia/Town _NIS___ /etc/default/init -- TZ=Russia/Town /etc/default/init - , .  . =========================================== Solaris 1.1 SELECT () . Solaris 2.x . OpenWindows.SelectDisplaysMenu: False True Xdefaults ~/.OWdefaults True - . False - , - (Close). False. OpenWindows.SelectDisplaysMenu: False Resize Cursors ============== olwm olvwm . -, ~/.OWdefaults ~/.Xdefaults : OpenWindows*CursorSpecialResize: True   ================== X-terminal cxterm . vcsh, le, wm . /etc/termcap ( symlink /usr/share/lib/termcap) xterm-Sg cxterm. vcsh : f1 f2 ... f9 f0 f. f- F1 F2 F9 F10 F11 F12 kh - HOME kH - END kN - PgDn (Next) kP - PgUp (Previous) kI - Insert kD - Del kb - BackSpace kB - BACKTAB (Shift + TAB) kl - kr - ku - kd - gs - ge - g1 - g2 - g1=HV123456789 H - V - 7--8--9 | | | 4--5--6 | | | 1--2--3 STREAMS- (). ============================================== , . telnet PC NFS, PC " DOS", - -8. . STREAMS- "trcode". write() read() ioctl() | A | | |WRITE |READ | | [==========================] ttcompat [==========================] ldterm [==========================] trcode | | V | ######### ============ : READ WRITE : NORMAL ALTER. , . ioctl(), . "" , . : , . , . - READ (, ). ('\0). CTRL/N NORMAL --> ALTER CTRL/O ALTER --> NORMAL , "trcode" , . . "". ------------------------ . . -------------------- , "trcode" . 1) strlook - , STREAM. strlook - . strlook ... - . strlook -i - stdin strlook -o - stdout "trcode", stream-. 2) trload - "trcode". trload -i stdin trload -o stdout () trload -e stderr trload -t /dev/tty . trload [-v] -query trload [-v] -q -v 0, trcode ; 1, . -v STREAMS . trload [-v] trload -load trcode STREAM. : <> ttcompat - BSD ldterm - line discipline, man termio termios trcode - <_> -v . trunload [-v] trload -u trload -unload trcode STREAM. : <> ttcompat ldterm <_> trload -push trcode STREAM. trload -pop trcode STREAM. , , STREAM. trload -tname <_> trcode . <_> ( <> , - ): RN:: RA:: WN:: WA:: R READ W WRITE N NORMAL A ALTER - : koi_8 iso_8859_5 mswcyr altdos ":" , : I:I - ( ) qwerty:koi_8 qwerty:iso_8859_5 qwerty:mswcyr , . qwerty... QWERTY... ... ... CTRL/N, CTRL/O. trload -tload <__> <_> trcode . <_> : RN:<_> RA:<_> WN:<_> WA:<_> <_> . : - , # - . - : # '1' 200 'A' 201 243 253 0xFF 222 120 'A' 55 0xFE 66 ^G , - . : 'c' - 0xFF - ^C - CTRL/ \377 - 999 - , , . trload -rswitchN c trload -rswitchA c trload -wswitchN c trload -wswitchA c . r - READ, w - WRITE. N - NORMAL ALTER, A - ALTER NORMAL. : ^- NO none - , ^C - CTRL/ ( csh: "^C" ) c - trload -rstate N trload -rstate A trload -wstate N trload -wstate A : rstate - READ, wstate - WRITE. N - NORMAL, A - ALTER. ( -unload -pop) : trload -o -v -push -tname RN:koi_8:altdos strlook UNIX STREAMS, "trcode" : date | ( trload -i -v -push -tname RN:koi_8:altdos ; cat ) (trload -o -push -tname WN:koi_8:altdos; date) | cat (trload -push -tname WN:koi_8:altdos; date) | cat DOS ( , date -8). 3) dosterm trcode telnet- PC NFS. PC telnet, dosterm. DOS PC , $LANG. 4) dumbterm trcode " " CTRL/N CTRL/O QWERTY-. : ~~~~~~~~~~ trload -tname RA:qwerty:koi_8 -rswitchN ^N -rswitchA ^O -escseq on -esclength 3 , ESC- ESC [ A CTRL/N , ESC [ ( terminfo termcap). , ESC-. trload -esc c , ESC-. ESC - ^[ '\033' trload -escseq on trload -escseq off / ESC-. . trload -esclength N (N 3) ESC- N. 0 - . , ESC ( -esc c), N-1 . "ESC [ A" 3. , ESC- , ESC [ A ESC [ 2 2 2 z : ~~~~~~~~~~ trload -load -tname RA:qwerty:koi_8 -rswitchN "^N" -rswitchA "^O" -escseq on -esctime 33 trload -esctime N ESC-. ESC ( -esc C), N ( 100 - Solaris 2.x). ESC [ A ESC [ 2 2 2 z " " . . ESC, , . N. 1) ESC-. 2) , , . 1 . SPARC- 3 . , , 33 = 1/3 . dumbterm. : ~~~~~~~~~~ ESC-, ESC [ A ^A A , ESC-: trload -esc c trload -esc2 c trload -esc3 c trload -esc4 c  Adobe Type I X Window System. =================================================== 1) Font.pfa Font.afm Font-Bold.pfa Font-Bold.afm Font-Italic.pfa Font-Italic.afm Font-BoldItalic.pfa Font-BoldItalic.afm /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1 /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/afm ( $DIR) ($DIR/afm) 2) $DIR/fonts.scale Font.pfa -company-fontname-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8 Font-Bold.pfa -company-fontname-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8 Font-Italic.pfa -company-fontname-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8 Font-BoldItalic.pfa -company-fontname-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8 -p- -m- fixed wi