( ); -- () ; -- , , ; -- , 5% , ; , ; -- , ( , , . . ). . . , , , ( ). , , .. , , , . , . : " -- ". , , (Letter of intent), , . . , . -- ) -- . , . ) - . , (), . . , , , . , -- , . , .   , -. -- , , , , , , , . , , , , , . , -- , , , , , . , , -- , , , , , -- , , , , , , , . . - . , - . , , , . , . -- , , -- . -- , , -, . , , , . . , , , , . , , , . , . , , . , , ) , , , , , . , , , . , , "" " " . , . , . -- , , . . , . , -: " ", , , , ( ), , , , , , -. , , -, . . , . , , , . , , , -- -- . ( ) . . -- , , .. -- , , , , . , , "" " ". , -- , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , . , . , , , : " , ". , , , , , , . , , . , , . , , , . , , , , , . , , , . , , . , , . , "" . , , . , , , (, , ) . . 1989 , , . 44,4% , . 55% 18 30 . "", , , 40% , , . , , , . : , - " ". , , , , . . , , . , , . , , . : . . , , . , . , . , . . , , , , , , , , , , . -- , . . , , , , . , . , -- , . , , , . . , , - , . -- , -- , . -- , , . . , , "" . . . (, , , ). . , . , , - , , . - - -- . , , , . , , , . , . - . , , - -- . , , , , . . , . , -- , . , . , , , , "" . , , " ", , , - . , , , . , , , . , , , , . . , , . . , . , , , "" . , " " " ", . , , . , , . -- . -- -- . , : " ..." " ..." .. , , , , . : " " , -- " ". -- "", "" " " ( ). ( ) , "" . , . , , " " (""). , . , (Kommerzialrat , Kommerzienrat ). , , , , . , ( -- ) . : ( ), . , . . , -- . 15 , . - , . , , - , . , - . , . , , , . , , , , , -- -- -- . . , , - , - . , -- , . , , , . : , , , . , , , . , . , , , , , . , , , , . , , , , . . . . "", ", ..." "" , , . . , . -- . . , , , , , . . : , -- , , . : , , . , -- , , -- . , , , -- , . , , , , , . . , , , . ( ), . , . , , , . , , , . " " , , . , , . , , , . , . . , . . , , . , . , . , . , -- , , , . , , , . , . . , . , , . -- -- ( ). , . , . , , , . , . : -- , , -- , . . , "". , 10%. 200 , 1000 , 10%. " " , , , . , . "" . . , , . , , , . , , .  ,   .. 1. (ad acta, .) -- ; ; 2. (always afloat, .) -- ( -) a.A. (auf Abruf, .) -- , ..., A/fl, AAR (against all risks, .) -- ( ) A.F. (advanced freight, .) -- ; A/S, a. s. (aftersight, .) -- () a.W. (ab Werk, . ) AWB (Airwaybill, ., Lufttrachtbrief, . ) -- . (Brief, .) -- 1. , "" ( ), 2. , , / (Bank draft, .) -- : ; /, BE 1. (Bill of exchange, ., Wechsel, .) -- , ; 2. (Bill of entry , .) -- B/G (Bonded goods, .) -- , / (Bill of health, .) -- () B/L, B.o.L. (Bill of lading, ., Blading; Konnossement, .) / 1. (Bills payable, .) -- ; 2. (Bill of parcels, .) -- , B/R 1. (Bills receivable, . ) ; 2. (Bank rate, .) -- B/S 1. (Bill of sale, .) -- ; ; 2. (Bill of sight, Demand bill, . ) -- ( ) .., / (current account, .) -- , canci. (cancelling, .) -- ; CDA (Connaissement direct aller, ., Durchkonnossement, Durchfrachtkonnossement, . ) -- () C.I. (Consular invoice, ., Konsularfaktura, . ) -- C/N 1. (Consignment note, ., -- waybill) -- ; 2. (Cover note, . ) -- , ; 3. (Credit note, .) -- -, / (Certificate of origin, ., Ursprungszeugnis, .) -- C.O.D. (Cash on delivery, .) -- / (Charter party, . ) -- -, c.p.d. (Charterers pay dues, .) -- .r. (Current rate, .) -- 1. ; 2. ; 3. D/ 1. (Days after acceptance, . ) -- - ; 2. (Documents against acceptance, .; Dokumente gegen Akzept, . ) -- ; 3. (Documents attached, .) -- ; - D/ (Documentary bill, ., Dokumententratte, . ) -- D/ 1. (Delivery clause, .) -- ; 2. (Deviation clause, .) -- ( ) ) D/D (Demand draft, . ) -- , D/d (Days after date, .) -- - ( ) D/N (Debit note, ., Belastung, .) -- -, D/O (Delivery order, .) -- - ( ) D/P (Documents against payment, ., Dokumente gegen Zahiung, .) -- FBI. (FIATA Combined Transport Bill of Lading, . ) -- ( - ) FCR (Forwarding Agent's Certificate of Receipt, . ) -- FCT (Forwarding Agent's Certificate of Transport, .) -- LTA (Lettre de Transport Aerien, .; Luftfrachtbrief, . ) -- M/R, M.R., m.r. (Mate's Receipt, .; Ubernahmebestatigung des Maates, .) -- , ( ) n/n (non-negotiable, ., nicht Ubertragbar, . ) -- ( ) / (Promissory note, .) -- () , S/N (Shipping note, ., Versandmeldung, .) -- TBL (Through Bill of Lading, ., Durchkonnossement, Durchtrachtkonnossement, .) -- () T/R (Trust receipt, .; Treuhanderliche Ubernahmebestatigung, .) -- ; W/R (Warehouse receipt, . ) -- , , , W/W (Warehouse warrant, . ) -- CAP (cost and freight, ., Kosten und Fracht, . ) -- , ( ) Cl (Cost and insurance, ., Kosten und Versicherung, .) -- ( ) CIFC (Cost, insurance, freight and commission, ., Kosten, Versicherung, Fracht und Kommission, .) -- , , ( ) CIFCI (Cost, insurance, freight, commission and interest, ., Kosten, Versicherung, Fracht, Kommission und Prozenten, .) -- , , , ( ) I (Freight/carriage and insurance paid to "named point of destination, . , Fracht und Versicherung bezahit bis Bestimmungsort, .) -- ( ) /, / (Carriage paid, .; Fracht bezahit, .) -- DAF (Delivered at frontier, .; zur Grenze geliefert, . ) -- EXQ (Ex quay, .. Ex Kai, Ex Quay, .) -- - ( ) EXS (Ex ship, .-. Ex Schiff, .) -- -, ( ) EXW (Ex work, .-, Ab Werk, .) -- - , ( ) FAQ (Free alongside quay, . ) -- , hAS, (Free alongside ship, . ) -- , fco (franco, ., frei, .) -- ; FOA (Free on aircraft, ., frei Flugzeug geliefert, . ) -- - FOB (Free on board, ., frei an Bord, .) -- , -, ( ) FOR (Free on rail, ., in Waggon verladen, .) -- , ; FOT (Free on truck, ., in LKW verladen, .) -- -; - FPO (Free Post Office, .-, Postamt geliefert, . ) -- FRC (Free carrier, ., frei FrachtfUhrer, .-, Expediteur, (pp.) -- - PP (Postage paid, ., Postgebuhr bezahit, .) -- , , (Actual time of arrival, ., tatsachliche Ankunftszeit, . ) -- ATD (Actual time of departure,