Michnet. : (313) 764-9430. . Express Access, (410) 766-1855; (301) 220-0462; (714) 377-9784. : new (). 20 ; 25 250 . : (800 969-9090. . Clarknet, (410) 730-9786; (410) 995-0271; (301) 596-1626; (301) 854-0446. : guest (). 23 , 126 6 228 . : (410) 730-9765. - -. Digital Express, (908) 937-9481. : new (). 20 ; 25 250 . : (800) 969-9090. -. Panix, (212) 787-3100. Unix . : newuser ( ). 40 ; 19 208 . : (212) 877-4854. -. Echo, (212) 989-8411. Unix, . : newuser ( ). 19.95 (13.75 ) . : (212) 255-3839. -. MindVox, (212) 989-4141. . : guest (). 10 15 . : (212) 989-2418. -. Pipeline, (212) 267-8606 (9600 ); (212) 267-7341 (2400 ). Windows 90 . : guest (). 20 2 20 35 . : (212) 267-3636. -. Maestro, (212) 240-9700. : newuser ( ). 12 140 . : (212) 240-9600. - . MV Communications, Inc. , . 5 , , . : (603) 429-2223. . Cleveland Free-Net, (216) 368-3888. , , . ( ) . . : (216) 368-8737. . Tri-State Free-Net, (513) 579-1990. Cleveland Free-Net. ( ) . . . Wariat, (216) 481-9436. Unix . 20 ; 35 . : (216) 481-9428. . Freelance Systems Programming, (513) 258-7745. 20 ; 1 . : (513) 254-7246. . Lorain County Free-Net, (216) 277-2359 366-9753. Cleveland Free-Net. . ( ) . . : (216) 366-4200. . Medina Free-Net, (216) 723-6732, 225-6732 335-6732. . ( ) . . . Youngstown Free-Net, (216) 742-3072. . ( ) . . . National Capital FreeNet, (613) 780-3733 (613) 564-3600. , . . UUNorth. . 20 ; 25 20 . : (416) 225-8649. . Internex Online, (416) 363-3783. Unix, . 40 . : (416) 363-8676. . Agora, (503) 293-1772 (2400 ), (503) 293-2059 (9600 ). : apply. 6 . . Teleport, (503) 220-0636 (2400 ); (503) 220-1016 (9600 ). : new (). 10 . : (503) 223-4245. . Telerama, (412) 481-5302. 6 10 , 60 . : (412) 481-3505. -. IDS World Network, (401) 884-9002. Usenet Fidonet RIME. 10 ; 50 ; 100 . /. Anomaly, (401) 331-3706. 125 200 . 75 125 . : (401) 273-4669. . Vnet Internet Access, (704) 347-8839; (919) 406-1544. : new (). 25 . : (704) 374-0779. Triangle Research Park. Rock Concert Net. . 30 ; 50 . : (919) 248-1999. . RealTime Communications, (512) 459-4391. : new (). 75 . : (512) 451-0046. . Texas Metronet, (214) 705-2901; (817) 261-1127. : info signup. 10 35 , ; 10 45 , . : (214) 705-2900 (817) 543-8756. . The Black Box, (713) 480-2686. 21.65 . : (713) 480-2684. . Talahassee Free-Net, (904) 488-5056. . . Free-Net . . : (904) 488-5056. . Halcyon, (206) 382-6245. Unix. : new (). 10 ; 60 200 . : (206) 955-1050. . Eskimo North, (206) 367-3837 ( ), (206) 362-6731 (9600/14400 ). 10 96 . : (206) 367-7457. . Demon Internet Systems, 44 (0)81 343 4848. 12.50; 10 132.50 . : 44 (0)81 349 0063 1.4 Internet , , , . , , CompuServe Packet Network SprintNet, , . Holonet , , Portal , , WELL , , Dial 'N CERF -, , World , Michnet , . Dial 'N CERF , 800. - 2 12 , . , . . , : Delphi, , , - , , CompuServe America Online, Internet. Delphi: 3 Internet, . 10 4 ; 20 20 1.80 . (800) 695-4005. BIX ( - Byte Information eXchange) Internet, FTP, Telnet . , Delphi, 20 20 . (800) 695-4775. PSI, , , Internet , IBM . PSILink, , Usenet ftp, 29 , 19 . , PSI . Global Dialup Service telnet 39 39 . (800) 82PSI82 (703) 620-6651. NovX Systems Integration, , , Internet , 800, . 24.95 , 19.95 10.5 . (206) 447-0800. 1.5  1960- , (U.S Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency - ARPA). ARPA , , " " (packet switching). , , , , " " ("forwarding address"), . ARPA , , . ARPA , , . , . " " , . , , , . , - . , , . , , ARPANet, , ( ) . , , "" . ARPA , , . "Internet" , . ARPANet . . , Internet, . , , . , Internet ( ), Internet . Internet . - . . , 20 . . - "" 56000 . , 1.5 , - 45 . , , 2 - , . - , , . 1994 , . 1.6  . , . , , , . Internet. , . "" Internet 45 ( , 9600 14400 ). "" , , , , 1,5 . . , , CompuServe Prodigy, Internet , - . . - , . . , - , . "", . , . , 5000 , 15 . , , . - , . - . , , . -, , -, . - - , . , . . " ", , , - . , , , "" - , , , . Internet , CompuServe Prodigy, Internet. , , Delphi America Online, , Internet. , , , . - , ; , - , . , , . , - "" - , . . . . " " . . , : ! , , . , - - . - , . , , . , . - , . , . , . . . , , , . . . . - . 1.7 -  , - . 8-1-N, 7-1-E ( ). , . , . . , ( (Hayse) - ATM1 ). , , - , -. "connect" (), , enter escape. , "timed out" ( ), . . , , - ! , , . - , . 1.8  , , . , , , , . (Peter Kaminski) , Internet. - , , , . "PDIAL" alt.bbs.lists news.answers Usenet ( Usenet . 3). (Steven Levy) , ": " ("Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution") (Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1984) , Internet Usenet. (John Quarterman) ": " ("The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide") (Digital Press, 1990) . Internet, pub/Net_info FTP- (Electronic Frontier Foundation) ( 7).  * 2: (E-Mail) *  2.1  - . , , , . "" ("gateways") . , , , , . , , . . , , . . (electronic junk mail). . - . , , ( , " " ). , . , , , . . , . , . . , - . - , " " . ! , , , . , , , : , . - . , , . , "mail" () . : mail _ _ - , . enter. subject: test () ( enter , ). enter. . . , . Unix, : enter , . Unix , , ( - Unix , emacs, ). , return. control-D ( control D ). Unix, , , "" ( enter enter). . , , , . , , "". , , . , enter "mail" ( - Unix). , , . , ASCII . , ( ) . "subject", ASCII. , . , , control-D, . , . , , , . , mail enter. "mail" , , , . Unix : Mail version SMI 4.0 Mon Apr 24 18:34:15 PDT 1989 Type ? for help. "/usr/spool/mail/adamg": 1 message 1 new 1 unread >N 1 adamg Sat Jan 15 20:04 12/290 test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mail SMI 4.0 24 18:34:15 PDT 1989 ?. "/usr/spool/mail/adamg": 1 1 1 >N 1 adamg 15 20:04 12/2 90 test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; , , . return, Unix, , , . , , - , , . , , . - , , , (subject). "N" "new" - , , . enter. , - , ! Message 1: From adamg Jan 15 20:04:55 1994 Received: by eff.org id AA28949 (5.65c/IDA-1.4.4/pen-ident for adamg); Sat, 15 Jan 1994 20:04:55 -0400 (ident-sender: adamg@eff.org) Date: Sat, 15 Jan 1994 21:34:55 -0400 From: Adam Gaffin Message-Id: <199204270134.AA28949@eff.org> To: adamg Subject: test Status: R This is only a test! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1: adamg 15 20:04:55 1994 : () eff.org id AA28949 (5.65c/IDA-1.4.4/pen-ident adamg); , 15 1994 20:04:55 -0400 (-: adamg@eff.org) : , 15 1994 21:34:55 -0400 : Adam Gaffin -Id: <199204270134.AA28949@eff.org> : adamg : test : R ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ? , . , , . , , "" ("header") , , . , , . , , - 4 . , - , , . , - . , , . , , . enter, , , enter. , . . , ( , ), . , ? , . , r enter. : To: adamg Subject: Re: test , . , , . (subject), "Re" . - ? control-C. : (Interrupt -- one more to kill letter) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ( -- ) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- control-C , , mail. , d enter, . q . q, d, mbox. , , . , x enter. mail - . mbox . , mail -f mbox enter. , , , . mbox, . ? . , , . , , r , . "" (. 2.4)! : , , , , . , . , . ? , , : . , , , ( 6 , ). , , , . , - , , . : - . , . , -. - 1 . , , . , "" (domains) : tomg@world.std.com Tomg - - , ( @ - "") ( -Internet' ""), world.std.com. , Internet; ( , Internet, , ). , , , , - . , Internet, ; - . , , , ".edu," . : .com .org .gov .mil .net , , . - , , .ca , . .ch, - .za. (, well.sf.ca.us). , . , - Unix, , . , - . , , , (, ). - @ - . , , --, - . tomg@unm.edu ( -), tomg@umn.edu ( ), , . , MAILER-DAEMON ( Unix, - ) , . , , . , , "" , . , , , Bitnet CompuServe, . . : ! . . , . Unix . UUCP , , .