lrgf? , , , - UNIX - . , . , , , , , , , - , , .. , . , - . lrgf? Lrgf - , . , . , , . lrgf , - , . - ulimit, - shell, . . , . . , - . , . lrgf - 1024 . ulimit , , 1 . - , . - , - . , - . , - .  1. $ lrgf /dev/rfd0 , . lrgf - . , . cpio, - , . 2. $ lrgf /usr/tmp/lrg /usr. XENIX /usr , . /usr /tmp - . 3. $ lrgf /tmp/lrg ( /tmp ). . 4. $ lrgf /mnt/lrg , /mnt. 5. $ F=0 $ while : > do > echo -r "--> Making file $F <--" > ./lrgf <<-! > $F > ! > echo > F=`expr $F + 1` > done lrgf . - F. - , shell , . , - . 0. lrgf , " " (.. - ). $F. F , lrgf - . 0, 1, 2 .. - , . , . , , , .  3-6 . , . 8 9 . BSIZ , . BSIZ 4096, . 11 ulimit . 12 , . - . - , , . -, - main. main . 16 . , . . 17 , . 19 20 "x", - . 22 ulimit . , ulimit , 512. - , . 24-26 , . 28-32 - . - , , . , - , . 34-42 . for , . bcnt , . 36 . , - break . 41 - . , print (\r), . - . . , . , write break . , 43, "end of program". "ls -l" , . , lrgf. - UNIX. - UNIX . , .  * 8. UNIX *  - UNIX UNIX - cuchk - Cu check - cu talk - UNIX UNIX UNIX- uust uucp uutrans UNIX UNIX UNIX UNIX UNIX , UNIX, - UNIX  UNIX. MS-DOS " " ( ), UNIX . UNIX , , , , UNIX. , UNIX , . . . , , UNIX . , . , . RS232-C , . UNIX -. , . , , UNIX , , UNIX. , , . , , . (cuchk talk), , . UNIX uucp. , , uucp uucp. uust uucp uutrans .   , UNIX, . - , . RS-232-C . , RS -232-C UNIX-UNIX, -UNIX -UNIX. RS-232-C, . 8-1. , / , () . , , , (DCE, data communication equipment) . . 8-1. RS-232-C ------------------------------------------------------------------- _||_ +-------+ 2 ***** _||_ ***** 2 +-------+ | |------>* *----\ || /----* *<------| | | DTE-1 | * DCE * \ || / * DCE * | DTE-2 | | |<------* * / || \ * *------>| | +-------+ 3 * *<---/ || \--->* * 3 +-------+ ***** || ***** ------------------------------------------------------------------- , DTE (data terminating equipment). DTE , , VT-100, -, - . DTE DCE, , , . DTE 2 3 . , 2 , 3 , DCE. DTE DCE RS-232-C. DTE DCE DTE. , DTE DCE, "" . DTE ( ) DCE, DCE DTE. DCE DCE . DCE , DTE , - . - , , .   ( 50 / 15 . 30.5 . - . ./), , " " DCE. , DCE, . - . . 8- 2 DCE. . 8-2. ------------------------------------------------------------------- +-------+ 2 2 +-------+ | |------>... ...<------| | | DTE | 3 \./ 3 | DTE | | |<------.../ \...------>| | +-------+ +-------+ ------------------------------------------------------------------- , DCE, . . , . 8-3, , DCE. . 8-3. RS-232-C ------------------------------------------------------------------- DTE-1 DTE-2 || || 1 ||-------------------------|| 1 (PROTECTIVE GROUND) || || || || 7 ||-------------------------|| 7 (SIGNAL GROUND) || || || || 2 ||----------\ /----------|| 2 (TRANSMIT DATA) || . || 3 ||<---------/ \--------->|| 3 (RECEIVE DATA) || || || || 4 ||----- -----|| 4 (REQUEST TO SEND) || | | || || | | || 5 ||<----\ /---->|| 5 (CLEAR TO SEND) || \---\ /---/ || || . || 8 ||<---------/ \--------->|| 8 (DATA CARRIER DETECT) || || || || 6 ||<---------\ /--------->|| 6 (DATA SET READY) || . || 20 ||----------/ \----------|| 20 (DATA TERMINAL READY) || || || || ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 7 . 2 3 , , . ( ), . 4, 5 8 , . 8-3. , DTE-1 "Request to Send" (" "), .. , "Clear to Send" (" "), , . , "Dta Carrier Detect" (" "), DTE-1 , . " " , , . 6 20 , . DTE ("Data Terminal Ready" - " ", 20), , ("Data Set Ready" - " ", 6). 6 20 , , ( HUP - hangs up, ). , (.. NOHUP), "Data Terminal Ready" "Data Set Ready" DTE. , . , , , , . , (nohup) . , , , . - UNIX - UNIX. , DTE UNIX , UNIX.   -, UNIX. , UNIX -, -. - , , .. . 8-4. . , DEC VT-100, UNIX . DTE , , , . , , "SETUP". -, , . - - , . , , , VT-100. , , UNIX, RS-232-C, , . . 8-4. - UNIX --------------------------------------------------------------------- DTE-1 DTE-2 +----------+ +--------+ | | | | getty 9600 tty00 SETUP | |--------------| tty00 | login _ | | | | sh +----------+ | | | UNIX | +----------+ | | | | | | | -|--------------| tty01 | | | | | +----------+ +--------+ --------------------------------------------------------------------- , ( -) UNIX, . DCE , . UNIX DTE getty ( "get teletype" - ), , - . getty ( init(M) getty(M)) "login:" , . getty 9600 , . , 1200 2400 - , . , gettydefs, getty, break. break , , . UNIX . , getty , . , getty 9600 , , 1200 , getty 9600 1200 . break , getty . gettydefs OC XENIX System V , . -------------------------- | 5# B9600 PARENB CS7 OPOST ONLCR # B9600 SANE IXANY #Login: #1 | 4# B4800 PARENB CS7 OPOST ONLCR # B4800 SANE IXANY #Login: #5 | 3# B2400 PARENB CS7 OPOST ONLCR # B2400 SANE IXANY #Login: #4 | 2# B1200 CS8 OPOST ONLCR # B1200 SANE IXANY #Login: #3 | 1# B300 CS7 OPOST ONLCR # B300 SANE IXANY #Login: #2 | #5 inittab ( ttys XENIX System III) getty, 9600 . break, 1 ( 5). break , 2, .. break , getty 9600 . , , . init getty ( /etc/inittab) . . , getty , login. Login , /etc/passwd. , login shell, shell- , . shell - , . : russ:j9egLecqEpXLg:201:51:Russ Sage:/usr/russ:/bin/shV System V shell, shell- AT&T.   , . 8-5. - , , , . 1200 . . 8-5. - UNIX --------------------------------------------------------------------- DTE-1 DTE-2 +----------+ ***** +--------+ | | * * | | | |-------* *\ | | | | * * \ ***** | UNIX | +----------+ ***** \ _||_ * * | | \ _||_ ---* *-------| tty00 | / || * * | | +----------+ ***** / || ***** | | | | * * / +--------+ | -|-------* */ getty 1200 tty00 | | * * login _ +----------+ ***** sh , --------------------------------------------------------------------- ( 1200 ) . " " (dial), " " (hang up) .. -, , , . /- . , . UNIX, , , , getty 1200 , . getty , break 1200 . , - UNIX. ? termcap . termcap, , , . ( ) . . -, , UNIX. (RAM), , . , UNIX . , (, , cat ), . , , , , , "" . , -, UNIX, xmodem kermit. xmodem - . Kermit UNIX, - - , . , - UNIX, . , UNIX -, . UNIX - , , UNIX , UNIX, - . , , , , , . . 8-6. DTE-1, .. UNIX, . , tty00, getty. getty , . UNIX- cu. , UNIX, . -, , , UNIX, , .., . ( , .) , . , , UNIX , cu(1), "call unix" (" UNIX"). , , UNIX, " UNIX-". . 8-6. UNIX , UNIX ------------------------------------------------------------------- DTE-1 DTE-2 +--------+ +------+ | | ***** _||_ ***** | | | UNIX | * * _||_ * * | | | |-------* *-- || --* *-------| UNIX | | tty00 | * * || * * | | | | ***** || ***** | | +--------+ +------+ getty tty00 cu -ltty00 dir ------------------------------------------------------------------- cu " " ("lock file") /usr/spool/uucp. , , . , cu - . cu : ( ) ( ). cu, , . cu . . , cu , -.   , , . , , . /usr/lib/uucp/L-devices. , , . : --------------------- | | ACU cul0 cua0 1200 | DIR tty00 0 300 | DIR tty00 0 1200 | DIR tty00 0 2400 | DIR tty00 0 4800 | DIR tty00 0 9600 | L-devices (DIR - direct connection), , (ACU - automatic call unit). . DIR. cu , uucp - ACU. : , . L-devices , , tty00 . 300 9600 . , , . , ? , /etc. dialin dialup , tty . tty .   , , , . System V cu , . , , , cu. , , : (.. tty), . - cu, , . , . Hayes 1200 Smartmodem. , "Hayes-", . $ cu -ltty00 dir # # 1200 Connected # cu ATdt555-1212 # , # CONNECT # # - Welcome to Micro BBS # - . . . . exit # - , +++ # , # # ( escape, exit) OK # ATh0 # OK # ~. # cu cu , . ACU , . /usr/lib/uucp/dial. : $ cu -acua0 555-1212   Smartmodem 300 1200 . , cu 1200 . , ,