1200 cd tar cvefbk /dev/rfd0 10 1200 . * "ls-l" tar tvf /dev/rfd0 * cd $DEST tar xvf /dev/rfd0 * tar , tar cvfk /dev/rfd0 1200 'find . -print | sort' TEE * sh | tee /dev/tty01 * fsck /dev/root | tee capture cu -ltty00 dir | tee capture TEST * test "$S1" = "$S2" * test "$N1" -eq "$N2" * ( /bin/[ /bin/test) - 31 - [ "$S1" = "$S2" ] [ "$N1" -eq "$N2" ] TOUCH * home find $HOME -exec touch {} \; find $HOME -print | while read FILE do touch $FILE done TTY * ls -l 'tty' * chmod 666 'tty' chmod 600 'tty' UUCP * for FILE in 'cat datafile' do echo " $FILE" uucp $FILE sys! ~/user done * , , , spool . uucp -r -c file sys!/tmp VI * shell :.w !sh - * , "ayy @a * shell :sh * :!sh * shell :!cc % * :!% - 32 - * () :.!who am i * :.r !who am i :r !who am i * , - :e 'path termcap' * long , - :.!ls -l 'path init' WC * , echo " 'who | wc -l' " * find /usr/src -name "*.c" -exec cat {} \; | wc -l WHO * who | awk '{ print "user:",$1,"\tdevice:",$2 cnt = cnt + 1 } END { print cnt,", "}' * who | while read NAME TTY TIME do echo ": $NAME tty: $TTY time: $TIME done  * 1. *  , shell. , . UNIX. - , , . System V, BSD XENIX. System V. shell- - shell. , , . - . , - shell , - . CDPATH , , cd HOME IFS , , LOGNAME , /etc/passwd MAIL , PATH PS1 , PS2 , , shell TERM , TERMCAP , TZ , , ctime(3) SHELL shell-, EXINIT ex  2 SHELL Shell - . - , - . . , - . . Shell - . F=* , F - . 7 , , - . - "echo $F". - , , 7. echo "$F". - F, 3 - - . echo '$F', $F, F. : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. - 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. . - shell, , . , - . , - - . 1. - . - : (;), (&), - (&&), (||) (\n). . 2. shell - (-v), - . 3. . , - . ($). 4. . - , (`). - , - . , , . , , , . , . 5. -. - , (0, 1 2) , - . - , . . 6. , - IFS. - , . , IFS, , . - , , . , IFS. - IFS, : echo "<$IFS>" | od -bc 7. shell , (). . , - . , - . - . "ls z*". - z, . "z* not found". 8. (-x), - , . , "+", - , . 9. , PATH . - . PATH, , - . , - . PATH , . - (/), PATH - , , . 10. , . , shell . , . , exec(2). , - , shell, - shell .  3 SHELL- shell- , . , - , (\) . \b : 20 (), \n : ^j, A (), \t : ^i, 9, ; : ( : shell ) : shell | , : ^ , : , | > ( ): < ( ): & : () { : } :  4 SHELL- shell. . -. , # , , $#, . && : , || : ` : * ; , # ; ? ; - , shell $ ; ! ; , "" " : ' : , \ : , [] . , @ >> << & ; " ",  5 SHELL shell. System V Bourne shell. System V.2 - System V - shell , . ksh ( Bourne shell), , csh (-shell). ksh . . exec . , exec(2). exec shell, exec(2) . System V Bourne Shell . : shell, : : , (0) {} : break case if-then-else cd continue for, while until eval exec , shell exit export shell for for-do-done if if-then-else newgrp read readonly , set shell shift test times , shell trap ulimit 512- umask , until until-do-done wait Shell while while-do-done System V.2 hash name shell- pwd ; return shell- set -f set -h , , type , unset shell-