, , . . , , .. . . , - . : , ? ? : . , , . . - . , , --- , . , --- , . , "" , . . ( XIV-XVI ), . , XVII-XVIII --- --- , . , , . , , , , . , . "" , XVII . , , - , . , . ( ) [-1]-[-8]. , , . --- , , --- . . 1. 1.1. , ( --- , ) 325 . , , . - --- . --- . , . . --- . , - . . . , . , , , , . . --- " " [361], . - , , , . --- . --- , .. . 1.2. , , . , " "" ." [338], .41, .71. --- , - : " Revillont' 1- . " " V , , " [338], .41, .71. "" : " . , , , , , , , 20 , ... 4 5 ( --- .) ... ... 20 ... , " [338], .41, . 71-72. , , - ( , ), , -. 1.3. , -. . [361], 615-650. --- , , ( ) , . : , , , , , , , .. . " " , , . , , , 532 . " ". 532- " ". "" ( --- ) " ", , " ". , ( ), - " " [361], 640-650. 19- ( ). , 19 . --- , . 300 , , . " ", -, . [361], , (1652 ). , ( , --- , , , --- . ). --- . -, - , . , " ", , . , 19- , ( " "). , 19- : --- , , , --- (" "), --- , --- (" "). . , . , , , , () . , , . ? : , , (23 ..), (8 ..), (29 ..), : . --- (1 ..), 40- (9 ..) , (17 ..). . [361], 615-616 633-640. (XVI-XVII ) . --- , ? , , , . , , ( !) . , --- . , . ( !) ? , . --- , . . 1.4. , , - . ( ). , : . , , , 325 .. --- IV .. , (. ). IV . XX . . . ? , , , , , . . , --- , IV .. ( ) . , , "" , --- . IV XIV .. -, , , , , " " (, ). , , - . . 1.5. - , . " "" () " " II .., ... ("") 19- . , " ", 19- . , ..." [195], .74. " V .. 19- , " [195], .87. " III ... , IV .. , --- ( "" ) --- - " [195], .214. , , II .. IV .. , , , . , , ( , ). , . , XX , " ", . .. : " : , , .. , (14- ) ." [161], 2, . 446. " .. , : " [161], 2, . 446, 1. .. , , --- ?. " , , , , , . , , . ... , ... . . , , " " "[363]. " . , . --- ... , ... ? ... ... ? , ." [161], 2, . 435-436. : , , , , , . , , . . " . V . , . , " ..." [195], .212. "... , , " [195], .213. "... , . 1880 . . . ...( , --- .)" [161], .437-444. " ? ..." [363]. " " ? , , . . , "", , 325 .., " " , " ". , " 532 ... 532 " [362], .4. , 532- 532 . : (532- ) 1941 (1409 --- 1940 .), , , 877-1408 . .. , 532 , , . , . . , , . , , ( XIV ) . 1.6. " " (, XIV ), , : " : . : , , . , ( , XIV --- .), . , (.. , --- .) . , - ..."[360], , .7; . [207]. , - [360]: " : . : , , . , , . , , - ..." [360], 173. , " " --- . , , , XVII . , . , XIV . , , . , : 1) 2) , , , --- , --- : 3) (.. , " " --- , --- "14- "), 4) , , (.. ). 1.7. ( XIV ) --- , --- 4- , , , --- . , , . --- " " . , --- , --- (.. XIV ) . - (,-, ) , " ". ( ), 1 300 . . , , , 4- , --- . - 2- (. ), , , . . , , - , : " " " " ( : -, , ). , , , " " " ". , , , : , " " " ", " " " ", "" "" . 1.8. , , . , ? , , , . . 1) 1 300 . 2) ( 1330 ..) 2 . 3) --- 730 .., 1330 --- (300 x 2) = 730. , . 325 ! , ! -, "" 325 ..! : " " . "" . , . , , , , . " " " , , . ( ? , "" ? --- .)... , , 14- (.. --- .) (?! --- .)" [363]. , , , . 2 IV , ( , , , ). " , ... ... 900 (?! --- .)" [364], .14. 900 ..? , , , VIII .. (. ) ? , : ? ( ?). ( = ) , XIV-XVI . , , ( ). 1.9. , (.. ) , . , , --- . ., , [360]. -, , . , , , . , . , , , , . XIX . 1 .. . . . . , . 1 , ( --- ) 784 .., - ( ) "" -. 784 . , IV .., (!) --- 316, 319, 323, 343, 347, 367, 374, 394 .., (!) ( 4- ), --- 306, 326 (.. !), 46, 350 370 . , , , , ! . (!) , , .. , ! , . , ., XVI , . ( XVI ) . , ( ). , " ", , , "" . , , , , , . " " (" "). 1.10. , , --- . . . , , . , , . . , , , . --- " ", --- 19- , , 19 . , --- ( ), --- . --- . , ( ) . , . , . , --- . ( ) . 1 300 . , , " " , , ( --- .). " " ( ) , . . , . , ( ). , ( ), . . 2. (- 1 ) , , 700 1000 .. (). 700 , 1000 , (.. ) . 13- (877 ) . , VII XI . , , VII --- XI , --- X-XI ( 877 ). . , , . 532- , , ? ( : --- 325 , , , --- 345 , 20 !). --- , . , 532- . 532 ! , 532 , 532 532 . . , ( ) --- , - . ? , --- --- 877 !. : 877 - , . , , . , - ( --- ) . . (, " "). . , , . , , , , --- : " ... . 1 5509 .. ( 337 361 )... VI " " 1 5508 .." [195], .38. . -, " " ( ) , ( ). , 877 . , , -, . , ( 15- , 7980 : 15 x 532=7980). , , , (