USENET   Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science Mail Stop 230-5 NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035 1. USENET - , . - , , - USENET . , , ; , , , . - , - USENET. ( .) , , . , USENET ( , usenet) USENET. , . USENET  ; , . ( ) . , , - USENET, , , - . 2. USENET USENET " " - . , ( USENET 1 USENET 2 "netnews" , "A news" ), - ; . . . - ( "B news") - , ARPA ( "B protocol for news".*) , USENET - . USENET -  (  .) , , - . , - . USENET, , USENET, . (  ) - , - USENET. USENET , , . USENET "sysop" - , . - , , - , USENET ( " USENET.") USENET USENET, USENET - , USENET , , ( " .") - , - , USENET. news-, - . "- " - - , , , USENET, . , - , . (, " " - , USENET. __________ * . Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages . News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 3 USENET.) USENET , - . , , . - , USENET. , USENET, , ARPANET. , - , , , UUCP, . UUCP . USENET ; , , . . - UUCP, , , . - , - UUCP, , - , , , , . - , , Purdue, , - . - . . ; , - USENET - news- ( - ). - , , - USENET, USENET, , - . , , . , USENET - - , . , , - , USENET - , . , , , News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 4 USENET . 3. , , - . 3.1. . , . - , , , , , ; , , , - , . USENET , - . , , USENET ( , , - ), , . - USENET, . USENET, - USENET; - news-, USENET, USENET; . - , , - , , ( , .) . - USENET. USENET, . USENET , . , . , , , , A (- ) , - , USENET. News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 5 3.2. , , - - . , - ", , ..." - *. , . . USENET , , - , . , - , - ; . USENET - , . , , ; - , , . , , - , , . , . , - . , , . , - ; - , , , . , , - - - , , , . , , . , - . ; , . ; - . , , - ! 3.3. , USENET USENET. , , , news- - . "-" __________ * Saturday Night Live. News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 6 , - ; - - , news-. - USENET, USENET, . USENET - - " ." - -, . , . , , . , , , , - . - , , - , . " - ?" USENET , , - - . , , , ; , - , USENET , , - , , . - , , ? , . . 3.4. - USENET, - . - , UNIX8*9-related ( ) - ; . - "diff'" , , . , . , ; __________ 8 *9UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T. News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 7 , , , ( , , ). - , , , . - - , , . , , -, , - , , USENET - . , , ! 3.5. , , . , - - , , , . , - , , ,  , , , - , -, USENET - , , - USENET, , . ; , - . , - , , , - ; , . , , news-. , . , , . . - - . , news-, , - . , , .  -  news-. News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 8 4. news- , . , news- . 4.1. - , . , USENET - , . - , USENET , . - , . , , , - 1972 Toyota . . , - , , , - distribution, , - . - ( postnews(1)) , , , , , , . ( .) , - rec.auto ba, (- ba) , news-. - ca (), USENET, . - world, USENET. 4.2. , news-, . , , news- . , - news-. - . News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 9 4.3. news-. news- - ; . - , , . , - , . ( , USENET. , , .) 4.4. , , - , - , news.announce.newusers - news-. ( - . , ,  ; , , , .) , - misc.misc . , news- , - - . ( ), : Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.CSNET, spaf@gatech.UUCP) Mark Horton (mark@cbosgd.UUCP) Rick Adams (rick@seismo.CSS.GOV, rick@seismo.UUCP) Chuq Von Rospach (chuq@sun.UUCP) Matt Bishop (mab@riacs.ARPA, mab@riacs.UUCP) . , , , ! 4.5. , , , , news- - . , USENET - , news-. , - news-, , - , news- . , , News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 10 news-, - . news-. , , , - . ( , news-, news- , - .) news.group , , , , , ,  , . , ; , - , . 40 50 "" , , ; , , 100 . 4.6. , news- - news- . - . rec.arts.books , , "spoiler" - "Sub- ject". , - , . rec.humor ( , , ), . ( , , - .) rec.arts.movies , , "spoiler" - "Sub- ject". , - , . news.group , , . , . News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 11 comp.sources . . . comp.sources.bugs - , - comp.sources. comp.sources.wanted . misc.test . , . misc.wanted , . - . - . 5. , USENET. , - - ; How to Write for the World of Work (Cunningham Pearsal) Elements of Style (Strunk White). 5.1. USENET - , , - ,  . - ! - . - . , . , , -, , ( ), . , - , - . 5.2. , ; - . - . ; , , . News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 12 . "Subject" , , . , - . 5.3. ; , , , - , , , . , ; , . , - . - , - - . ; "a", "an", "the" , . 5.4. , , , - . - , - . "Subject", . ; , , , , . - - , , , USENET. 5.5. , , , - ; , . , . , , USENET, - . , - , "", : ":-)". ( , , , , , .) , ( , - , - ). , , . News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 13 5.6. , , - . , , "spoiler" "Subject" , , - , . 5.7. , , , - - , , , . USENET , 13 , , , "a" "n". ( , 13; USENET rot13.) , "rot13" "Subject" . , , - ; , UNIX tr a-zA-Z n-za-mN-ZA-M 5.8. , ; 2 3 . ( ARPANET, BITNET, CSNET). - , . , , ; , , . 6. : , , - , USENET News Version B 2.11 19 1986 USENET 14 , - , - news.announce , , - , news-, , ,