SCO: Unix (Unix tutorial)
UNIX
UNIX SystemV
Operating System
UNIX
( UNIX Tutorial )
, , -
The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc,
Microsoft Corporation. ,
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Portions 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987,
1988 Microsoft Corporation.
All rights reserved.
Portions 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 The Santa
Cruz Operation, Inc.
All rights reserved.
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: (b) (3) (ii)
, (b) (2)
; , .
52.227-7013.
Microsoft, MS-DOS XENIX
Microsoft Corporation.
UNIX AT&T Bell Laboratories.
SCO : XG-5-16-88-5.0
.
.
________________________________________________________
1.
1.1 1-1
1.2 1-1
1.3 1-2
2.
2.1 2-1
2.2 2-1
2.3 2-2
2.4 2-6
2.5 2-10
2.6 2-13
3.
3.1 3-1
3.2 3-1
3.3 3-5
3.4 3-6
3.5 3-7
4.
4.1 4-1
4.2 4-1
4.3 vi 4-7
4.4 4-10
4.5 4-13
4.6 4-20
4.7 4-23
5.
5.1 5-1
5.2 5-1
5.3 5-9
5.4 5-10
5.5 5-12
5.6 Shell 5-17
.
6 UNIX
6.1 6-1
6.2 6-1
6.3 6-2
6.4 6-7
6.5 6-8
.
1.
_______________________________________________________
1.1 1-1
1.2 1-1
1.3 1-2
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1-1
1.1
UNIX. ,
UNIX XENIX.
UNIX .
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UNIX User's Reference UNIX User's Guide.
1.1
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Control d.
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touch(C)
UNIX
User's Reference,
.
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2.
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___________________________________________________________
2.1 2-1
2.2 2-1
2.2.1 2-1
2.2.2 2-2
2.3 2-2
2.3.1 2-2
2.3.2 2-3
2.3.3 2-3
2.3.4 2-4
2.4 2-6
2.4.1 2-6
2.4.2 2-6
2.4.3 2-7
2.4.4 2-8
2.5 2-10
2.5.1 2-11
2.5.2 2-12
2.6 2-13
2.6.1 2-13
2.6.2 2-14
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2-1
2.1
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2.2 .
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UNIX Administrator's Guide.
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/ root
_________________|___________________
| | |
bin usr dev
| __________|__________ |
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chmod gwenl markt ttyla
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mail news text data
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2-5
2-1 bin, usr, dev, gwenl markt
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usr
______________|______________
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adam eve mary
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text text temp text
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2-2 , usr
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2-6
2.4 .
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UNIX
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/dev ,
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/dev/console - -
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/dev/ttyXX -
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/lib , "" -
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/usr/lib , UNIX.
/tmp , .
/usr/joe/run .
run, -
joe.
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2-8
bin/skript .
skript bin -
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(/),
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/usr/joe,
/usr/joe/bin/skript.
file1 .
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, , , chpt1,
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chpt1.1, chpt1.2, chpt1.3 ..
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cat *
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lp chpt[1-49]*
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lc ?
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(.. chpt1.1, chpt2.1, ...).
lc chpt*.1
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*, ?, [], . ,
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lc '?'
"" UNIX
User's Guide.
2.5
UNIX,
lc, lp cat. lc -
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2-11
2.5.1 .
UNIX , "-
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UNIX: Bourne Shell, C-Shell Visual Shell). UNIX
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RETURN.
BKSP Ctrl-u. INTERRUPT RETURN, -
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DEL INTERRUPT).
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date; pwd
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(&).
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/usr, ,
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du /usr > diskuse &
du diskuse,
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2-12
2.5.2 .
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cmd [] [] [ ] [...]
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lc -rl
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copy -a -v
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2-13
2.6 .
UNIX ,
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cat
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RETURN
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cat -
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_________________________________________________________
|
| $ cat
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UNIX ,
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lc
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2-14
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lc > filelist
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cat f1 f2 f3 > temp
temp
cat .
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file1, file2 file3 temp,
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cat file1 file2 file3 >> temp
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letter.txt UNIX
mail:
mail adam eve mary < letter.txt
( mail 6 ).
2.6.2 .
UNIX
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2-15
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frank.txt, george.txt hank.txt -
. :
sort frank.txt george.txt hank.txt > temp1
uniq < temp1 > temp2
more temp2
rm temp1 temp2
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sort uniq, uniq
more. -
:
sort frank.txt george.txt hank.txt | uniq | more
(|) uniq
sort, , sort,
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uniq, , ,
more.
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who:
who | wc -l
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3
.
_________________________________________________________
3.1 3-1
3.2 3-1
3.2.1 3-1
3.2.2 3-3
3.2.3 3-3
3.3 3-5
3.3.1 3-5
3.3.2 - 3-5
3.3.3
3-6
3.4 3-6
3.5 3-7
3.5.1 3-7
3.5.2 3-8
3.5.3 3-8
.
3-1
3.1
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UNIX:
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UNIX User's
Reference.
3.2 .
UNIX -
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3.2.1 .
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UNIX Sistem Administrator's Guide, -
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3-2
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- "login:". -
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INTERRUPT ( DEL).
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1. RETURN.
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Ctrl-u
( Ctrl, , , u).
, RETURN,
"Password:".
2. RETURN.
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_____________________________________________________
|
| Login incorrect
| login:
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3. ,
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_____________________________________________________
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| TERM=(unknown)
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3-3
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C-Shell (%).
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3.2.2 .
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logout ( % C-Shell) exit (
$ Bourne Shell). -
Ctrl-d. ,
Ctrl-d. - -
UNIX Ctrl-d, -
.
Ctrl-d ,
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Ctrl-d.
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exit logout. ,
Ctrl-d, exit logout.
3.2.3 .
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.
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( , ) -
.
passwd.
:
1. RETURN:
passwd
.
3-4
:
_____________________________________________________
|
| Changing password for user
| Old password:
|
user.
2. .
. , RETURN. -
"Sorry", .
1.
3. ,
RETURN:
_____________________________________________________
|
| New password:
|
RETURN.
.
4. :
_____________________________________________________
|
| Re-enter new password:
|
. ,
:
_____________________________________________________
|
| They don't match; try again
|
.
3-5
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UNIX. , -
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3.3 .
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3.3.1 .
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1. , . -
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frAiJ6*)
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/usr/dict/words. (
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lock(C).
3. " " -
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3-6
5. - , -
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3.3.3 .
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UNIX (
login) :
su joe
,
joe. su
, Ctrl-d.
3.4 .
-
UNIX.
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UNIX. ,
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.
.profile .
C-Shell, .profile,
, .login, .
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:
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.
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.profile (.login),
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.
3-7
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"unknown" ()
"ansi" (), -
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RETURN . -
.
,
vi .profile (.login). 4
, vi.
vi, ,
:
eval 'tset -m :\?unknown -s -r -Q'
unknown ( , )
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vt100, -
:
eval 'tset -m :|?vt100 -s -r -Q'
, ,
:
TERM = (vt100)
RETURN, vt100.
vt100.
3.5 .
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UNIX. -
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3.5.1 .
-
RETURN. RETURN,
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3-8
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UNIX . UNIX
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RETURN .)
lc -la
du -a
lc -Fa
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3.5.2 .
,
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Ctrl-u. Ctrl-u,
, .
3.5.3 .
, .
Ctrl-s.
Ctrl-q. Ctrl-s Ctrl-q,
, Ctrl-s
Ctrl-q :
ls /bin
.
4.
.
___________________________________________________________
4.1 4-1
4.2 4-1
4.2.1 4-2
4.2.2 4-2
4.2.3 4-3
4.2.4 4-4
4.2.5 4-5
4.2.6 4-6
4.2.7 4-6
4.3 vi 4-7
4.3.1 4-7
4.3.2 4-8
4.3.3 4-8
4.3.4 4-9
4.3.5 vi 4-9
4.4 4-10
4.4.1 lp 4-10
4.4.2 lp 4-11
4.4.3 4-12
4.4.4 4-12
4.5 4-13
4.5.1 4-14
4.5.2 4-16
4.5.3 4-16
4.5.4 4-17
4.5.5 4-18
4.5.6 4-18
4.5.7 4-19
.
4.6 4-20
4.6.1 4-20
4.6.2 4-21
4.6.3 4-21
4.6.4 , 4-22
4.7 4-23
4.7.1 4-26
4.7.1 4-28
.
4.1 .
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UNIX:
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UNIX User's
Reference.
4.2 .
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UNIX . UNIX -
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4-2
4.2.1 .
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.
.
pwd, "print working
directory" (" "). , -
, , :
pwd
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.
4.2.2 .
:
lc - ls. ls
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-
.
lf lc, -
(/)
( ) (*).
/usr/bin:
lc /usr/bin
,
UNIX. lc -
.
.
4-3
l. ls -l,
"" .
:
__________________________________________________________
|
| total 338
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 markt pub 4448 Mar 1 09:16 1.intro.00
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 markt pub 4457 Mar 1 09:29 1.intro.s
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 markt pub 33836 Mar 1 09:30 2.consepts.00
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 markt pub 35096 Mar 1 12:49 2.consepts.s
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 markt pub 52197 Mar 1 15:09 3.basic.s
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 markt pub 39835 Feb 16 11:02 4.advan.s
|
l, ,
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512 . 338 , 173056 ,
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4.2.3 .
- ,
. UNIX
cd.
.
4-4
cd , -
. . cd. ,
,
pwd.
, -
, cd.
, , /usr/bin:
cd /usr/bin
, /usr/bin, pwd.
:
cd /
- "" . ( ,
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"" . lf -
, . -
. (
2 .)
. , -
, :
cd ..
- :
cd ../..
, -
, , , -
. (pwd).
4.2.4 .
, -
mkdir. cd -
tempdir:
mkdir tempdir
.
4-5
lf, tempdir . -
tempdir cd , tempdir
( lf). , touch(C) -
tempdir :
touch tempfile1 tempfile2
lf , tempfile1 tempfile2
.
,
, -
. -
mkdir, :
mkdir: cannot acctss directory_name
directory_name
, . -
/etc, -
:
mkdir /etc/temp
4.2.5
rmdir. -
, .
: -
cd -
4.2.4 tempdir:
rmdir tempdir
:
rmdir: tempdir not empty
tempdir rmdir,
tempfile1 tempfile2,
. , -
.
.
4-6
4.2.6 .
o mv. -
, cd
tempdir - ,
4.2.4, - newdir:
mv tempdir newdir
, , lf. ,
newdir ,
, .
lf:
lf newdir
4.2.7 .
copy . , -
,
.
/newdir, 4.2.6,
tmp/newdir, :
copy $HOME/newdir /tmp/newdir
"$HOME" -
.
, $HOME/newdir
/tmp/newdir, :
lf /tmp/newdir
/tmp/newdir, :
rm /tmp/newdir/*
rmdir /tmp/newdir
.
4-7
/tmp/newdir,
/tmp/newdir. ,
/tmp/newdir , :
lf /tmp
$HOME/newdir, :
rm $HOME/newdir/*
rmdir $HOME/newdir
4.3 vi.
vi , -
UNIX. -
vi.
UNIX User's Guide.
4.3.1 .
cd,
tempfile:
vi tempfile
, , -
. vi.
vi: .
,
- . tempfile
, i .
, RETURN -
. ,
BKSP :
, .
UNIX.
, .
, , -
ESC. -
.
.
4-8
4.3.2 .
, -
( ,
):
h , h
.
l .
k .
j .
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h,l,k,j .
4.3.3 .
vi . -
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x. , ,
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,
dw ( d, , , w). -
, ""
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dd ( d, , , d).
. :
_________________________________________________________
|
| .
| UNIX.
|
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4-9
4.3.4 .
a i o . -
i .
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__________________________________________________________
|
| UNIX.
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o .
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. , -
tempfile o.
. ESC, .
4.3.5 vi.
- , -
, vi. ,
:x. , -
, UNIX.
. :q!.
UNIX
, .
tempfile, :x. tempfile,
:
vi tempfile
.
4-10
- i o, ESC
:q! .
tempfile :
cat tempfile
, . -
tempfile
rm tempfile
4.4 .
lp.
" ".
. -
-
,
. -
.
4.4.1 lp.
cd
,
:
cp /etc/motd $HOME/printfile
/etc/motd -
printfile. /etc/motd - "message of the
day file" - " ".
.
-
, - .
,
. -
, :
chmod o+x $HOME
( " -
" , chmod(C).)
.
4-11
printfile:
lp printfile
printfile
. , -
, lp.
lp,
" ID", :
pr4-532
(pr4) - ,
. (532) -
. -
, ID. (
.)
lp . , -
/etc/passwd, :
sort /etc/passwd | lp
( sort(C) " ",
.)
4.4.2 lp.
lp , -
. , -
,
-n. , printfile, :
lp printfile -n2
UNIX
. -d ,
. , -
printfile , -
laser, :
lp printfile -n2 -dlaser
.
.
4-12
4.4.3 .
cancel . -
cancel ID-. , -
ID- laser-245 , -
:
cancel laser-245
lp
cancel. ,
printfile:
rm printfile
cancel
. ,
- laser,
:
cancel laser
, -
.
4.4.4 .
lpstat
. :
lpstat
lpstat :
_________________________________________________________
|
| prt1-121 cindum 450 Dec 15 09:30
| laser-450 cindum 4968 Dec 15 09:46
|
.
4-13
, , lpstat , -
. -
-
, lpstat -o.
, .
lpstat
ID- , .
.
, , -
- .
lpstat ID- . ,
ID- laser-256 :
lpstat laser-256
.
-
, -p, -
. -
:
lpstat -p
laser, :
lpstat -plaser
ID- -
, laser.
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4-14
4.5.1 .
more , ,
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more /etc/rc
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more /etc/rc
:
________________________________________________________
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| ...skipping
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4-15
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l /bin | more
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10 /etc/rc:
tail /etc/rc
. 20
/etc/rc:
head -20 /etc/rc
20 /etc/rc:
tail -20 /etc/rc
cat .
more, cat ,
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INTERRUPT (Del).
/etc/termcap. Ctrl-s Ctrl-d -
INTERRUPT :
cat /etc/tempcat
.
4-16
4.5.2 .
rm . -
rm.
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:
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tempfile3 :
rm tempfile3
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rm -i tempfile*
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4.5.3 .
, cat -
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4-17
cd
/etc/motd
/etc/rc catfile:
cat /etc/motd /etc/rc > catfile
catfile
more:
more catfile
>>
. ,
/etc/motd catfile, :
cat /etc/motd >> catfile
catfile /etc/motd. -
:
head -20 catfile
tail -20 catfile
4.5.4 .
mv UNIX : -
.
cd. catfile,
4.5.3, catfile2, :
mv catfile catfile2
catfile -
. catfile2 .
:
lc
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4-18
4.5.5 .
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mv .
. , -
catfile2, 4.5.4, -
/tmp:
mv $HOME/catfile2 /tmp
, catfile2 /tmp
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lc . /tmp
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mv /tmp/catfile2
mv , -
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4.5.6 .
cp . -
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catfile2, 4.5.4, catfile3:
cp catfile2 catfile3
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catfile2 catfile3 /tmp, :
cp catfile2 catfile3 /tmp
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4-19
-
:
cp catfile* /tmp
mv, cp ,
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catfile2 catfile3,
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4.5.7 .
UNIX . -
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pathname - , -
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find / -name catfile2 -print
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. catfile2 catfile3 /tmp
:
rm /tmp/catfile* $HOME/catfile*
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4-20
4.6 .
UNIX ,
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4.6.1 .
diff
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men women. cd -
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vi men
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(Esc) men,
:w. , women:
:n women
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"women" No such file or directory
women. i
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.
Esc , :x
vi. : men
women.
:
diff men women
.
4-21
diff :
_________________________________________________________
|
| lcl
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4.6.2 .
sort. sort
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sort /etc/passwd
sort .
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who | sort
4.6.3 .
grep ,
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, :
grep login /etc/passwd
.
4-22
login .
:
_______________________________________________________________
|
| markt:0V/WE/utnUkpc:6005:104:Mark Taub, Docland:/u/markt:/bin/csh
|
, , grep
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"Joe".
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phonelist, -
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822:
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grep phonelist ,
"Joe".
grep, ,
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UNIX . -
egrep fgrep.
grep UNIX User's Reference.
4.6.4 , .
wc . -
,
, ,
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.
4-23
cd.
,
men, 4.6.1:
wc men
:
__________________________________________________________
|
| 2 10 55 men
|
: -
men, - - . -
men women :
rm *men
, -
-c, -w -l . -
,
: