Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science
Mail Stop 230-5
NASA Ames Research Center
Moffett Field, CA 94035
1.
USENET - ,
. -
, , -
USENET .
,
, ; ,
,
, .
- , -
USENET.
( .)
, , .
,
USENET ( ,
usenet) USENET. ,
.
USENET
;
, .
(
) .
, , -
USENET, , , -
.
2. USENET
USENET " " -
. , (
USENET 1
USENET 2
"netnews" , "A news" ), -
; .
. . -
( "B news") -
, ARPA (
"B protocol for news".*)
, USENET -
.
USENET - (
.) , , -
.
, -
. USENET,
, USENET,
.
( ) -
, -
USENET. USENET ,
,
.
USENET "sysop" -
, . -
, , -
, USENET
( " USENET.")
USENET
USENET, USENET -
, USENET
, , (
" .") -
, -
, USENET.
news-, -
. "-
" - - ,
, ,
USENET,
. ,
- ,
. (, " "
- ,
USENET.
__________
* . Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages
.
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 3
USENET.)
USENET , -
. ,
,
.
-
, USENET.
, USENET,
, ARPANET. , -
,
, ,
UUCP, .
UUCP . USENET
;
,
, .
. -
UUCP,
,
, . -
, -
UUCP, , -
, ,
, , . -
, , Purdue, ,
-
. -
.
.
;
, -
USENET -
news- ( -
). -
, , -
USENET, USENET, , -
.
, ,
. , USENET - -
, . , , -
, USENET -
, . ,
, ,
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 4
USENET .
3.
, , -
.
3.1. .
,
. -
, , , ,
, ; ,
, , -
, .
USENET , -
.
, ,
USENET
( , , -
), , . -
USENET,
.
USENET, - USENET; -
news-, USENET,
USENET;
.
- , , -
, ,
( ,
.)
. -
USENET.
USENET,
. USENET
,
.
,
. ,
, , , A (-
) , -
, USENET.
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 5
3.2. , ,
-
- . , -
", , ..." -
*. , .
.
USENET , , -
, . , -
, -
;
. USENET -
, .
, , ; -
, , .
, , - , ,
. ,
. ,
-
.
,
,
. , -
; -
, ,
, . ,
, -
- -
, , , .
, ,
. , -
.
; ,
. ; -
. , , -
!
3.3. , USENET
USENET.
, , , news-
- . "-"
__________
* Saturday Night Live.
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 6
, -
; - -
,
news-. -
USENET, USENET,
.
USENET - -
" ." -
-,
.
, .
, ,
. , ,
, , -
. -
, , -
, .
" -
?" USENET
, , -
- . , ,
, ;
,
- , USENET
, , -
, , . -
, , ? ,
.
.
3.4.
- USENET, -
. -
,
UNIX8*9-related ( ) -
; . -
"diff'"
, ,
.
,
. ,
;
__________
8 *9UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T.
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 7
, ,
, (
, , ). -
, , ,
. -
- , ,
.
, ,
-, , -
, , USENET -
.
, , !
3.5. , ,
.
, - -
, ,
, . , -
, , ,
,
, , -
, -,
USENET - , , -
USENET, , .
; , -
. , -
,
, , -
; ,
. ,
, news-.
,
. , ,
.
.
-
-
. , news-,
,
-
. ,
,
. -
news-.
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 8
4.
news-
, .
, news-
.
4.1. -
,
.
, USENET -
, . -
, USENET ,
. -
,
. , , ,
- 1972 Toyota
.
.
, -
, , , -
distribution, , -
. -
( postnews(1)) ,
, , , ,
, . (
.) , -
rec.auto
ba,
(-
ba) ,
news-. -
ca (), USENET,
. -
world,
USENET.
4.2.
,
news-, .
,
, news- .
, -
news-. -
.
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 9
4.3. news-.
news- -
; . -
,
,
.
, -
, . (
, USENET.
, ,
.)
4.4. , ,
-
, -
, news.announce.newusers -
news-. ( -
. ,
, ;
, , , .)
, -
misc.misc .
, news-
, - -
.
( ),
:
Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.CSNET, spaf@gatech.UUCP)
Mark Horton (mark@cbosgd.UUCP)
Rick Adams (rick@seismo.CSS.GOV, rick@seismo.UUCP)
Chuq Von Rospach (chuq@sun.UUCP)
Matt Bishop (mab@riacs.ARPA, mab@riacs.UUCP)
. , ,
, !
4.5. , , ,
, news- -
. , USENET -
,
news-. , -
news-, , -
, news- . , ,
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 10
news-, -
. news-.
, ,
, -
. (
,
news-, news-
, -
.)
news.group , ,
, , ,
, , .
,
; , -
, .
40 50 "" , ,
; , ,
100 .
4.6. , news- -
news- . -
.
rec.arts.books ,
,
"spoiler" - "Sub-
ject". , -
,
.
rec.humor (
, ,
), . (
, , -
.)
rec.arts.movies ,
,
"spoiler" - "Sub-
ject". , -
,
.
news.group , ,
.
, .
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 11
comp.sources .
.
.
comp.sources.bugs -
, -
comp.sources.
comp.sources.wanted .
misc.test
. ,
.
misc.wanted ,
. -
. -
.
5.
,
USENET. , -
- ;
How to Write for the World of Work (Cunningham Pearsal)
Elements of Style (Strunk White).
5.1.
USENET - , , -
, . -
! -
.
-
. , .
, , -,
, (
),
. , -
, -
.
5.2.
, ; -
. -
.
; ,
, .
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 12
.
"Subject" ,
, .
, -
.
5.3.
; ,
, , -
, ,
, .
,
; ,
. , -
. - ,
- - .
; "a",
"an", "the" ,
.
5.4.
,
, , -
. -
, -
. "Subject",
. ; ,
, , ,
. -
-
, , ,
USENET.
5.5.
, , , -
; , .
, .
, , USENET, -
. , -
, "",
: ":-)". ( , ,
, ,
, .) ,
( , -
, -
). ,
, .
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 13
5.6. ,
, -
.
, , "spoiler"
"Subject" , , -
,
.
5.7.
, , , -
- , ,
,
. USENET ,
13 , , , "a"
"n". ( , 13; USENET
rot13.) , "rot13"
"Subject" . ,
, -
; ,
UNIX
tr a-zA-Z n-za-mN-ZA-M
5.8. ,
; 2
3 .
( ARPANET, BITNET, CSNET). -
,
. ,
, ;
, ,
.
6.
:
, , -
, USENET
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 14
, -
,
-
news.announce
, ,
-
, news-, ,
, -
,
,
USENET . ,
, ,
USENET. ,
USENET -
. USENET -
!
:
Chuq von Rospach USENET.
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 15
Mark Horton, A. Jeff Offutt, Gene Spafford,
Chuq von Rospach.
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 16
A.
Jerry Schwarz (jerry@eagle.UUCP)
Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.UUCP)
Matt Bishop (mab@riacs.ARPA)
, -
USENET. ,
-
. - -
, ,
, . -
, , -
.
1. UNIX?
, "MULTICS." MULTICS -
, -
UNIX.
2. "foo" ?
,
"fubar", "fouled up beyond all recognition" (-
), , .
( , "fouled"
.) "Foo" "Bar"
.
3. "foo" ?
, news.config,
, , -
- "foo" .
"foo",
- " ." .
mod.map, USENET
UUCP.
4. "rc" .newsrc?
, " rc RUNCOM,
MIT CTSS,
UNIX. , RUNCOM run commands."
5. "- (nf)" "Orphaned Response"
?
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 17
, "notefiles,"
,
.
, Notesfile System Reference
Manual" uiucdcs!essick.
6. ":-)" ?
"." -
, , - . -
, ,
.
7. rec.humor?
rec.humor "rot13."
, 13 -
.
; readnews(1) vnews(1)
D, rn(1) ( public-domain -
) X <<CONTROL-X>>,
notes(1) % R.
-
, ,
tr(1):
tr A-Za-z N-ZA-Mn-za-m
UNIX tr :
tr "[a-m][n-z][A-M][N-Z]" "[n-z][a-m][N-Z][A-M]"
8. soc.net-people: ?
, , -
, .
, , -
. , -
Bell Labs ,
, .
9. sci.math: , 1 = 0.
, ,
. -
0, -
.
10. rec.games: empire(6) rogue(6)?
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 18
.
, .
11. comp.unix.wizards: ,
-ASCII ?
,
. - , -
. , "rm
-i", "rm -r" ( rm(1).) , -
i- find(1).
12. comp.unix.wizards: UNIX , -
setuid, .
, ,
setuid. , -
, setuid. -
, .
.
13. soc.women: ?
soc.women,
, . -
news- talk.abortion, ,
, .
14. soc.singles: "MOTOS," "MOTSS,", "MOTAS",
"SO" ?
Member of the opposite sex ( ),
member of the same sex ( ), member of the ap-
propriate sex ( ), significant other
(" ", ), .
15. "Distribution" ( -
)?
postnews(1) -
, , -
. -
, ; Bell Labs,
Murray Hill, New Jersey, :
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 19
local
mh Bell Labs, Murray Hill
nj all New Jersey
btl All Bell Labs
att All AT&T
usa
na
world USENET
<<RETURN>>,
news-.
- , -
, ,
, .
, ,
, -
, ,
.
News- misc.forsale
.
; -
, , .
16. ("bug killers")
?
, - 512 1024
. ,
( ).
, , -
.
.
, , -
, , -
. "bug-killer" ,
.
17. "foo" ?
; -
, , -
, , .
-
. , ,
, , -
.
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
USENET 20
;
. -
. ,
, , -
. - ,
.
, /
.
News Version B 2.11 19 1986
Last-modified: Tue, 30 Jun 1998 04:41:26 GMT