:


                            5
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


                       1.  PIF

         pif   :
                 pif [] []

 []     ,
a  []   ,  -
 .         -
,      (``-''),  
    .   
,        
 :

-o -      ,    
               "",    
            ,  . -
                N-M  : 
            N  M;         
             -N,   :   
            N- , ,    N-,
               :   N-   
           ;

-nN      -   N   -
           ;

-sN      -     N .  
             N   (  N=1) pif 
              ,    -


                            6
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                 ,  -
                 ;

-m    -   e          
           /usr/lib/tmac.m;

-raN     -   a (   )  
           N ( ).

-i       -  ,    , 
               ;

-q       -     /  
            rd;

-T    -     ;

-c       -        
               ,    
             .













                            7
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


                    2.  


     2.1.   

          ,  -
      ,   
 ,     .
          (
  ``.''   `` ' ''),    
       ,  -
    .  
  `` ' ''  ()     
(       
),        .
       (-
)        -
 .          
``  ''  ,    -
.      -
.

        ,  ``\'', 
         -
 . ,  \nr  
   r   ,  r
 ,      ,  




                            8
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

\nx,  ,           
  ,  \n(.

     2.2.     

         pif    240
/ (94,5 /),   -
      -
 .  pif   -
   (    ) 
      
.

     2.3.   

      pif       ,
      .   -
    ,     -
     
    .       
,     ,  
     . 1, 
 V -       -
 ,  C -     .






                            9
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                                1
---------------------------------------------------
| |              |   |
|     |                      |         |
|----------|----------------------|----------------
|   i      |                  | 240           |
|   c      |             | 240*50/127    |
|   P      | =1/6        | 240/6         |
|   n      | En=C    | C             |
|   p      | =1/72      | 240/72        |
|   u      |        | 1             |
|   v      |  - | V             |
|          |                    |               |
|    |           |               |
---------------------------------------------------

      En - , ,    -
,     pif  "" -
   ``->'' , ``<-''  ``3/4'',  -
        .  ,
          En      -
  ll, in, ti, ta, lt, mc   \h
  \l;              (v)   
-  pl, wh, ch, dt, sp, sv,
ne, rt   \v, \x  \L;   (p)   vs
     (u)   nr, if  ie.  
      -
.    ,     



                            10
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

  -      
     , ,  
   ,   -
,     -
 ``u''     -
    .  ,   

                        .nr AA 40n
,  
                         .ll \n(AA
       AA (    -
   )     ``En''
( ).      -
 
                        .ll \n(AAu

      N        ,
        
.

             -
       N  
   ``|'',  
  .    -   
 |N          
    N,         
 |N      -
         N.
,    


                            11
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                         .sp |3.2c
   ,   3,2 -
    .

     2.4.  

     ,     , 
  ,  , 
 +, -, /, *, %    <,  >,  <=,
>=, =/  ==/, &/  /, :/  /.   -
     ,   -
        . 
    +  -      -
e     
.

     2.5.  

              .
 _N ,      N, +N, -N
,        
    N,    N  
 N, .   N ,    -
      -
,     N.      
   ,    -
 . ,    
   ;  


                            12
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

  sp, wh, , nr  if.  ft, vs, ls,
ll,  in  lt     -
  .

     ,     ,    
    ,      
      .  -
,     ,  -
    .

           
 :

B       -    ;

D       -       
              ;

E       -      -
            ,   -
          ;

O       -     ;

P       -          
               .

v,p,n,u -    .      
          ,    .





                            13
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


                 3.  

               (  
 )   .   -
        
""    (. . 7.5). :
0 (  )  -N (N   ).

              
  ,     -
, ,        -
    (. . 7.4).

      ,      
  ""          ,
     .

          -
:

pl      -   .    
          pl  - .pl _N,   - 66,  -
           -66,  - V.   -
              _N.    
             .;

bp      -   .    bp -
          .bp _N,   - 1,   -
          ,  - B, V.     -



                            14
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

              .  _N -
          ,      _N;

pn      -    .  
           pn - .pn _N,   - 1, 
           - .    ,
              ,    _N. 
               ,  -
            pn     -
            -  .   -
               %;

ne      -    .     -
           ne - .ne _N,   - , 
           - 1v,  - D, V.  -
            D    ""  N,
              D,      -
            .       
             "",    D -   
              .   D<V,   
                  -
          .   "" D -    "-
          "  ,     -
          ,      ,  ""
          ;

mk      -   .   -
            mk - .mk R,   - , 
           - ,  - D. -



                            15
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                  -
            ,   R,    
          R;

rt      -    .    
            rt  -  .rt _N,   -,
            - ,  - D,  V.
                 
                     
          .    _N,   
          , ,          
            _N      -
           .  N , 
            ,   
          mk.    ,    .rt
                 
          .sp (. .5)    -
           ,   ,  
            .mk,     -
          
          .mk R
          ......
          ......
          .sp |\n(Ru







                            16
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


             4. ,  
                    


     4.1.   

               
        ,  
-     .   -
    ,    
  .        
   ,  ""  
        .  
   ,   -
     /    .  
    ,     (..
          -
          ), 
        -
    ``\''  (    -
).  pif      -  -
      -
.     -    
          
   . ,
         -
    .    -
          .n,   


                            17
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

 ( )        
  nl.      
   (  )   -
 .h.

        ,    -
  ,     -
.   (   )  
    .   -
         
  ,      , 
        
   \.

       ,     -
  ,     
,       -
 \&.

     4.2.  

             ""
  ""    ,  
  \.  ,  
  ""    "",  
( )    \.  -
          ,
  .      (  \c  
   ( ))  


                            18
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

,   ,   ""
  ,       -
 .      -
  :

br      -   .     -
            br  -  .br,   - , 
           - ,    -  B.  
                
                  .  
          ,   ,   
             ;

fi      -   .    
          fi - .fi,   - ,  -
           - ,  - B,  E.  
                -
          .  .u   1    
             0  ;

nf      -   .   
          nf - .nf,   - ,  -
           - ,  - B,  E.  
                
                
                ;

ad      -   .   -
           ad - .ad c,   - ,  -
           - ,  -  .  -


                            19
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

              .   
           ,     
            ,      . 
             ,   -
               . 2.
                                     2
    ----------------------------------------
    |    |         |
    |-------------|------------------------|
    |      l      |      |
    |      r      |     |
    |            |                |
    | b  n     |            |
    |  |            |
    ----------------------------------------

na      -   .     -
            na  -  .na,   - , 
           - ,  - .  
            .    -
            .     
          ad    .    ,
                ;

ce      -   N    .  
             ce - .ce N,   -
          ,   - 1,  - . -
                  N    
                (


                            20
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

            ).  N=0  -
                (-
              ).   
            ,      
          .

























                            21
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


                 5.  


     5.1.   

        (V)    -
        -
 vs,        
       .    
     V  
 .v.     (-
, )     -
  ls.

     5.2.   

           
(   )  .  -
   \x'N',     -
     .   ,
    ,      
- (  '),  -
  .

      N ,      
  N   .  N ,  -
    N   .   -
      -
          -


                            22
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

  ,     -
.       -
      .a.

     5.3.   

            -
  sp,       " ",  
.     
 "",      -
.      ,  
  sv.     -
  :

vs              -         .
                     vs - .vs N, -
                    - 1/6i.,     -
                  ,    - , . -
                      V ( 
                        -
                  ).    
                        
                   \'n';

ls              -   . 
                      ls  - .ls _N, 
                   - N=1,   -  -
                  ,      -  .  M
                   (     


                            23
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                  )   _N. N-1 -
                       V  (
                  )       -
                    .    
                      ,    
                      -
                    "";

sp              -          N  
                    .   
                  sp - .sp N,     -  ,
                    - N=1V,  - B,V.
                   N ,  
                    ()    -
                     .  
                  ()       
                    "".      
                    " ",  -
                    ;

sv              -   . 
                      sv  -  .sv N, 
                   - ,     -  N=1V,
                    -  V.    
                    N.    -
                   ""  N, -
                          N    
                  .   " "   -
                    .     


                            24
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                    ""  N,  
                    ,  N  -
                      (-
                   os).     sv
                      N  -
                  ;

os              -    -
                  .     os - .os, -
                    - ,   -
                  ,   - .  -
                  ,     
                     .sv.  " " 
                     .  -
                        
                  ,    -
                   sv;

ns              -   " ".  -
                     ns - .ns,  -
                   - ,    -  ,
                    -  D.    
                   sp  bp,      
                  .  " " -
                           
                   rs;

rs              -    "  ".  
                     rs - .rs,  -



                            25
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                   - ,   - ,
                   - D.  . 
                  " " ;

    -   ,   .sp 1.    
                   " " -  ,
                    - ,  
                  - ,  - B.  -
                         
                   ,    .sp 1.





















                            26
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


                 6.    

             -
            ll.
      -
  in;  ,     
 ,        ti.  
     .    
           
      ..      
   ll, in  ti (    
  ,   ) 
  ,       .    
        
   .     
     .l  .i. 
,    ,     -
    tl,    -
  lt.

           
  :

ll      -   .    ll
          - .ll _N,   - 65n,  -
           - ,  - ,n.  
            _N;




                            27
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

in      -   .     -
           in - .in _N,   - N=0, 
           -  ,    -  B,E,n.
               _N.  -
                , 
            ;

ti      -   .   -
            ti  -  .ti _N,   - , 
           - ,   -  B,E,n.
                .  
                _N 
              .  -
               . -
             .
















                            28
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


          7. , ,  
                        ""


     7.1.   

      () -      
      ,    
         ("-
").    -      -
 ,     , -
         .
 ,            
.           
      ,    -
,     (    
'    ).    -
     .    '-
           .rn  
     .rm.    -
 de  di,        
  am    da.    di  da 
      . 
   ds      -
  as.      ,    
;    ,      . 
     .    
        .


                            29
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

             
   \*  \*( .  
      .

     7.2.     

              
(       )    
 .     -
    , :

-           
    \n;

-   ,   \*;

-   ,   \$;

-         ,  
    \(  );

-   ,   \";

-   \t  \a  -
      ASCII  HT ( ) 
   SOH (o );

-  \\   \;

-  \.   ".".




                            30
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

              
          \.
,   \\   \,  \\n   -
   \n,      
       
.

     7.3. 

           ,
         -
.      
  ,   ,   -
    (").        ,
      ,    ,
        ("").  
      ,   -
         
   (\(  )).

               
        -
      ,      
       -
  .        
         \$N,
          N-  




                            31
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

(1<=N<=9).       ,  -
   . ,  xx
   :
      .de xx        \" 
       \\$1,\\$2.
      ..            \" 
 :
      .  14-
   
       ,14-.

,          
    .  
           .$.  
     ( )  -
 .        
   ( ),  
     .  ,    
  "",     -
 .

             ,
     .    -
          
  (      ) ,
,       (  -
    ``\'')    -
        -
.


                            32
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


     7.4. 

              ,
         
         
       -
.        
  .    dn
 dl     -
   .   -
      "  "  -
      , 
      (V).  ,
      -
,     ,   -
     ,     
    .    
       -
     "  -
 " (. .10.4).

               
,         
  (,       ,
        ).  
(  ) : ""  
   ,  " ", -
       -


                            33
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

  (.  . 3),    (
 .h)     ( .z).

     7.5. ""

        "":       
,          
 .        -
,     wh,    ,
  .     
   ch. ,   
    ,       ,
             
  .       
       -
          
  ;    ,      
  "" ,   ,     
.        ,
  ""  . , -
       ,  -
            
-    (     
  ).   
()        -
 ( ) ,     -
  .      -
   .t.      -


                            34
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

   ,    .t 
   .

       ,     -
,          dt.  .t
       . 
      ,    
  .      
        it.

        "":

de      -      
               de - .de xx yy, 
           - ,   - .yy=..,  -
           - .    
          xx.        
            .    -
                  
          ,           
          ,     .yy,    
            yy.   yy , -
             ,  
            "..".     
          de  ,   ,  -
           ,     -
            .     ".."
                  




                            35
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

           ``\'' - \\..,     -
                \..
               "..";

am      -   .    am
          - .am xx yy,   - ,  -
           - .yy=..,  - .  -
           de     ;

ds      -  .      ds  -
          .ds  xx  ,    - , 
           -  ,    -  .
              xx,    "".
               -
                 -
           (  ).    -
            (  " )  ""   
                 "-
          ";

as      -   .      as  -
          .as  xx  ,    - , 
           -  ,    -  .
           ""   xx ( 
          ds    );

rm      -  ,   .  
            rm  - .rm xx,   - ,
            - ,  - .
           xx      , -


                            36
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

              , .  -
                  -
           ;

rn      -  ,   .  
             rn - .rn xx yy,  -
           - ,   - , -
            - .  ,  
           xx  yy.  yy  ,  -
            yy ;

di      -   .     di
          - .di xx,   - ,  -
           - ,  -  D.    
              xx.    -
                 
          ,         .  
             ,   
           di   da  .  
              ,  -
            ;

da      -     .  -
              da - .da xx,   -
          ,   -  ,    -  D.
            ,      xx (
           di   );

wh      -      . 
            wh - .wh N xx,  


                            37
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

          - ,   -  ,    -  V.
                xx  -
            N,    N  
                
          () .     N    
               ,   
           N    xx.   -
            N       . 
            xx ,    -
           N, ;

ch      -   .     
          ch - .ch xx N.   - ,  -
           -,  - v. et  
             xx  N.    N
          ,    , ;

dt      -      . 
            dt - .dt N xx,  
          - ,   - ,   -
          D,v.      N 
              xx.    
          .dt    .  -
            ,  ;

it      -           
          .      it - .it N xx, -
            - ,   -  -
          ,   - .   



                            38
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

            xx   N    
            (       
          ).   ,    
              ,  -
          ,      
              "";

em      -  .    
          em - .em xx,   - ,  -
           - ,  - .   xx  
                . 
            ,     xx  -
               .


















                            39
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


                   8.  

        , -
    ()   .
       -
 .       -
      ,     -
.            
.     ,  -
   ,   
, ,      
           
 .     -
     , ,
  ..      ,
    ,     -
.

              
 nr,   ,    -
  .    -
,        ,
 .   x  xx  N
      M,   -
      -
,   .3:




                            40
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                                 3
 -----------------------------------------------
 |-|             |e|
 | |              |   |
 |----------|----------------------|-----------|
 |  \nx     |            |     N     |
 |  \n(xx   |            |     N     |
 |  \n+    |     |    N+M    |
 |  \n-    |       |    N-M    |
 |  \n+(xx  | xx   |    N+M    |
 |  \n-(xx  | xx     |    N-M    |
 -----------------------------------------------

          ,    -
      ( ),
     ,    
,   ,   -
         
    ,    af.

            -
 :

nr      -     .  
            nr - .nr R _N M,  -
           - ,   - ,  - U.
              R   _N
               ,    




                            41
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

          .     -
            M;

af      -    .   -
             af - .af R c,   -
          ,    -  ,    -
          .   c    R.
             ,   
          .1.
                   r
       -------------------------------------------
       |  |     |
       |--------|--------------------------------|
       |   1    | 0,1,2,3,4,5,........           |
       |  001   | 000,001,002,003,004,005,...... |
       |   i    | 0,i,ii,iii,iv,v,.......        |
       |   I    | 0,I,II,III,IV,V,.......        |
       |   a    | 0,a,b,c,..,z,aa,ab,..zz,aaa,.. |
       |   A    | 0,A,B,C,..,Z,AA,AB,..ZZ,AAA,.. |
       -------------------------------------------
                      .1     ;

rr      -   .     
          rr  - .rr R,   - ,  -
           - ,   -  .  
                  -
          ,     
                , 



                            42
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                 
           .




























                            43
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


               9. ,   


     9.1.   

     ASCII-   (HT)   
  (SOH),      ,
         
,      -
.      -
     (),
    ta.     
,  ,  ,  tab  , 
   ;     lc    tc
 , ,    -
.       -
:      ,  -
        . 
.4,   , D -    -
    (        tab  
)    ; ""   -
 ,     tab  ()  
   tab ( )   ; W -
 "".






                            44
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                                        4
  -----------------------------------------------
  | |   |  |
  |             |   |  ""   |
  |             |        |              |
  |-------------+----------------+--------------|
  |        |       D        | |
  |             |                | D  |
  |             |                |              |
  |       |     D - W      |   |
  |             |                |   |
  |             |                |  D  |
  |             |                |              |
  |  |    D - W/2     |  |
  |             |                |  |
  |             |                |   |
  |             |                | D   |
  -----------------------------------------------

           -
,      
  .     -
    .    tab  , 
  , ,    -
     "".

            -
   .  t  a  -
      ,  -


                            45
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

,       -
     .

     9.2. 

           -
    ,   -
 .       
           .
         -
     ,
       
.       
. ,     
 #,    ^,  #^xxx^right# -
       ,    
xxx,    .

       :

ta      -  .      -
          .ta  Nt ....,   - 0.81,  -
           - ,  - , n. -
              . t=R 
           ; t=C  -
          ;   t  -
           .     
             0.8  ( 8n).  -
            ; ,  -


                            46
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

              (``+''),  
              ;

tc      -      .  
             tc - .tc c,   -
          ,   - ,  -
            -. ,  
             c,   (  c  -
          )  ,     -
          ;

lc      -    .   -
              lc  - .lc c,   -
          ,   - ,   -
          .   ,    ,  
           c,  (  c  )  ,
             ;

fc      -        
          .    fc - .fc a b, -
            - ,   -  -
          ,    -  .  
              a;   
            b,     b - 
          .   ,  -
            .






                            47
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


             10.   / 
                  


     10.1.   

     Pif       
ASCII,          (HT),
    (SOH),        
(BS).    (NL) ( LF)   -
   .  , -
     (STX),  
(ETX),  (ENQ),  (ACK)  "" (BEL), -
     . 
  .

       ``\'' ,    
  ,     
   .     -
   .23.  ``\''  
     (ESC)  ASCII. -
      ``\'',  -
   ``\\''      .
         ec.
       -
    \e.   
      -
      eo.



                            48
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

         -
:

ec      -   .   -
            ec  -  .ec c,   - , 
           - ,  - .  
             c,     
          ;

eo      -    . 
              eo  - .eo,   -
          ,   -  ,    -
          .

     10.2.   

        ,     
  (BS)  ASCII    
       .
  ,      ,
  .12.3.   pif  -
      (-
 ft   \f)     ul. 
,          ,  
  ;     .

       :

ul      -   N   .
              ul - .ul N,  -


                            49
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

           - ,   - N=1,  -
            -  .    ,  
           N    ,    
            "  "    . ,
            tl,     -
             ul,    N  .
           N>1,    ,   -
            ""   
                 .
               -
             (. . 17);

ft      -   .     ft
          - .ft F,   - ,  -
           - ,   -  .  
              F.    
          ,   F=I.   
            ( )  
          F=R.   ,   -
              epe  \fN,
           N -  ;

cu      -   N .   -
            cu  -  .cu N,   - -
          ,   - N=1,  - . -
            ul,   -
            .




                            50
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

     10.3.  

     K   ".",    ,
    , " ' "     -
. ,     
  ,   -
   , , ,    -
,   "".

         
:

cc      -      .  
             cc - .cc c,   -
          .,   - .,  - .  
                 "c" ,
           c ,   ".";

c2      -        .
             c2 - c2 c,  -
           - ',   -  ',    -  .
           ,    -
          ,   "c" ,  c  -
          ,   " ' " ().








                            51
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

     10.4. "" 

      ,     \!
          " 
" (     \!),    ,  
     .    -
   -   -
       -
,   .

     10.5.      

        ,    -
      (,   
 ),      -
  ,   ,  ,  -
      \.   
"\(   )"  ,  
    .    -
       ,    \". 
 ,     ,    
  .  ,   \",  -
         .sp
1.         
  ``.\"''.





                            52
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


               11.   
              
                          


     11.1.  

      \v'N'  \h'N'     -
      , -
.  N   .  
      
.       
    .    -
 ,    ,    
    ,     
       ,  
.  ,  -
 ,   .5.












                            53
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                                            5
          
---------------------------------------------------
I-  |       I-|       I
I |               I  |               I
I|               I|               I
I--------+---------------+--------+-------------- I
I \v'N'  |      I  \h'N' |      I
I        |  NI        |  NI
I  \u    |1/2      I\(.)|    I
I        |          I        |         I
I  \d    |1/2      I  \0    | -    I
I        |           I        |      I
I  \r    |1        I        |          I
I        |          I        |               I
---------------------------------------------------

     11.2.  

       \w''   ""
(  ).     -
   ,      -
    .  ,    .ti -\w'1.'u
          
     "1."





                            54
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

     11.3.   

       \kx   -
   x     -
 .

       \jx   -
   x     -
 .

     , 
     \jx \h'|\nx+2u'
  "",   
     ,   
    "".
       ,
       ,
   ,    
     \jx\h'|\nx+2u'
  x    (  
   ).










                            55
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


             12.   
                          


     12.1.      

            \o'-
'        
    .  ""  -
         -
 .    a   -
 .      -
 . ,    \o'+_'
 _.

     12.2.   

      \zc    c,     
  ,         
          
   . , 
\zO/   O,   \z|_
 _.







                            56
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

     12.3.  

        \l'Nc'  
   'c'    N.
 'c'      N,   
      N  \&.  'c'  , 
   '_'.   N
  ""    -
      N.  -
  N/( 'c')  ,  , 
 ,    (  )  -
.   ,     
,  ,      ,   
        .    N
   'c',      'c',
       N. , 
     :
 .de us
 \\$1\\l'-\\w%\\$1%u_'
 ..
 ,  
 .us " "

__________________

      \L'Nc'  ""    -
,       c,    
   ;   "c"    ,  ,  



                            57
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

,     "|" ( ).
   -   -
   .  N -
 ,  ,   N 
,  .    
       -
      .

         -
    , , ,  -
    .




















                            58
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


                     13.  

            -
  .    (-
 \%)        -
         -
   .

            ,
     , 
  .     ,
    (),  ,    -,
--  -- -
        ,  
   .

         :

nh      -    .  
              nh  - .nh,   -
          ,   - ,  - ;

hy      -        .
              hy - .hy N,  -
           - N=1,   - N=1,   -
          .      N>=1
             N=0.

hc      -    .   -
              hc  - .hc c,   -


                            59
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

          ,   - ,  -. 
                 c  
           \%.       
          .


























                            60
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


               14.    

        tl   -
             :  ,
  .     -
  lt.  tl       
     .   -
,       -
   .

          -
:

tl      - "o   ".   
          tl - .tl '.'.'.',  
          - ,   -  ,    -.
           ".", "."  "." 
            ,     
           , ,   
           .         
                .    
               
          .       
            ( %),   
             ,  ,  -
             %,   -
          ;




                            61
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

pc      -    .   
            pc - .pc c,   - %, 
           - ,  - . 
              c  ( -
             )       .
              %;

lt      -      . 
             lt - .lt _N,  -
          65n,     -  ,  
          -,n.       -
            _N.       -
              .    
            .

















                            62
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


           15.    

            nm     -
             
    .           
  4               
     ,    .    ,
        ,    -
    .        
  8     ,     
    .     ,    ,
          tl,  . 
            nn;    
 12   ,    .nm  , 
           
       .nm +0.  ,    
       I       -
 16   S,        .    -
    ,      ,  -
          M (    
       ).

 20        :

nm      -      .  
            nm - .nm _N M S I,  -
           - ,   - ,  -
            -.   _N ,  



                            63
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                 _N
               .
              M=1, S=1  I=0.
          ,    -
          ,  ;    
          .       
              .     
                 
              ln;

nn      -    N  .    
           nn - .nn N,   -, 
           - N=1,  -  .    N
              .

           ,      -
         .nm 1 4,   
     .      .nm,  
 24          -
     .nm +0,          .nm.  
          . 
          .nm +5 5 x 3,  
 28    ,     
       5     
    ;  =5  ,       e 
     ;       -
 32    I   3.




                            64
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


                 16.   

      "c"       
, "!"  , "N" -  -
; "1"    "2"    ,  
  ,       
  ; "-" - ,    .

       :

if      - 1-    - .if c -,  -
              -  ,    -,
           - .   c , 
          "-";  ,    -
            ,  \- - \-
          .  2-     - .if ! -,
            - ,   -  ,
           -.    ,  
          "-". 3-      -  .if  N
          -,   - ,  -
           - ,  - u.   N > 0,
             "-". 4-   
          - .if !N -,   - , 
           - ,  - u.  
          N <= 0,   "-". 5-   
            -  .if  '1'2' -, 
           - ,   - , 
          - .  "1"   "2",  



                            65
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

          "-". 6-        -  .if
          !'1'2' -,   - ,
            - ,    -  .  
          "1"       "2",   "-
          ";

ie      -  if  if-else.     -
            ie - .ie c -,   -
          ,   - ,  -  u.  
                 
           ( if);

el      -  else  if-else.   -
            el - .el c -,   -
          ,   - ,  - u. 
              .2
                
    -------------------------------------------
    |    |    "",   |
    ||                                 |
    |-------|---------------------------------|
    |   o   |    -|
    |   e   |    -  |
    -------------------------------------------
                    .2

       c ,    N  ,
     ( -




                            66
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

,     ),      "-".
 ,     
 !,      .

         ,  
  ("-"), . "-"  -
       (  ,
   - ),   
.         -
        \-  .   
    \- .

      ie (if-else)   if  -
 ,    .  -
  el (else)      
  .  ie-el   .

       :
 .if e .tl' ' %'''
   ,    
.   :
  .ie \n%>1 \{\
  'sp 3v
  .tl ' %'''
  'sp  |7v \}\
  .el .sp |15v
    ,  .





                            67
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


                17.  

       ,      
     "",   -
 .   ""    
,       
E; ,        -
  "".       
        "",     ,     -
  ,   , 
        .    
  -     
  .   ev -  -
 .    ev - .ev N, 
 - N=0,   - ,   -
.             N
(0<=N<=2).   - ""
  , , ,  ("-
")        -
     .ev,   - -
 .









                            68
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


            18.    

               
      rd.  -
           
 (    ). 
     ,  -
,       .    -
       -
,     .   -
:

rd      -     .   -
             rd - .rd ,  -
           - .   - BEL,   -
          .        
             ,       
             .   -
              , 
               "". 
           rd     
             "" ;

ex      -    pif.    ex  -
          .ex,    - ,   -
          ,  -  .        -
                  pif.  




                            69
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

           ,        
           .

             -
,          -
,    - q    -
            
,    "" (BEL).

            
    .

     ,      
,           
,      ,    -
  ,    ,   
    nx (. .19).     
       .














                            70
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


          19.    
                          

       :

so      -   .    
          so - .so ,   - , 
           - ,  - .  -
             ( )   
          "".  so,    -
               ,   -
                      .
             ,   
            .  so   
          ;

nx      -    .   -
            nx - .nx ,   - ,
            - ,  - .  -
                -
              "";

pi      -   .     -
            pi  - .pi ,   -
          ,   - ,  - . 
               
          .      -
          .



                            71
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


                    20.  

         :

mc      -   .     
          mc  - .mc c N,   - ,  -
           - ,  - E, n.  -
          ,           
            N          
          ( ,   tl). 
               
          (,       " -
          "),          .
           N  ,   -
           N;   N  2n.

tm      -    "".     -
            tm  -  .tm  ,   -
          ,    -  NL,    -  .
              "" (-
            )    -
               ;

ig      - o   .   -
              ig - .ig yy,   -
          ,    -  ..,    -  .
                ,   de
          (. .7.5)   ,   
            .     -


                            72
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                -
             ;

pm      -   .    -
            pm - .pm T,   - , 
           - ,    -  .  
          .     -
                 -
            ;  t ,   -
              .  -
              128 .

fl      -   .   
          fl - .fl,   - ,  -
           - ,  - .    -
          .       
             .














                            73
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


          21.     
                         

         tm, pm   "-
"  rd,       , -
          (STDERR)
  .        
 ,   pif  -
 .         -
 ,       -
.

        pif    -
 .     , -
   ,     -
 .     , -
,   ,    -
         (
   ),     ,
       ,
      .   -
    ,       
         
      pif  *.  
    ,      
,    ,     
   .    -
        


                            74
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

.  ,    ,  -
     , ,   
      ,  ..  
,     .


























                            75
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


               22.   

. :     :
 13  .pl _N        
 13  .bp _N        
 14  .pn _N         
 14  .ne N          
 14  .mk R         
 15  .rt _N         
 18  .br           
 18  .fi           
 18  .nf           
 18  .ad c         
 19  .na           
 19  .ce N         N  
 22  .vs N          
 22  .ls _N        
 23  .sp N            N
 23  .sv N         
 24  .os            
 24  .ns           " "
 24  .rs           " "
 25   
                   ,  .sp 1
 26  .ll _N        
 27  .in _N        
 27  .ti _N        
 34  .de xx yy      -


                            76
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                 
 35  .am xx yy     
 35  .ds xx 
                  
 35  .as xx 
                   
 35  .rm xx       ,   
 36  .rn xx yy    ,   
 36  .di xx        
 36  .da xx          
 36  .wn N xx         
 37  .ch xx N      
 37  .dt N xx         
 37  .it N xx        
                 
 38  .em xx       
 40  .nr R _N M      
 41  .af R c        
 41  .rr R         
 45  .ta Nt ....  
 46  .tc c           
 46  .lc c          
 46  .fc a b         -
                  
 48  .ec c         
 48  .eo            
 49  .ul N         N  
                 


                            77
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

 49  .ft F         
 49  .cu N         N 
 50  .cc c          
 50  .c2 c            -
                 
 58  .nh            
 58  .hy N          
 58  .hc c          
 60  .tl '.'.'.'
                    
 61  .pc c          
 61  .lt _N           
 61  .nm _N M S I
                     
 62  .nn N          N 
 64  .if c -
                    c  ,    "-
                 "
 64  .if |c -
                   c ,  "-"
 64  .if N -
                   N>0,  "-"
 64  .if |N -
                   N<=0,  "-"
 64  .if '1'2' -
                  "1"    "2", 
                 "-"
 65  .if |'1'2' -


                            78
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

                  "1"     "2",  -
                  "-"
 65  .ie c -
                  if  if-else
 65  .el c -
                  else  if-else
 67  .ev N        
 68  .rd 
                     
 68  .ex            pif
 70  .so  
                   
 70  .nx  
                    
 70  .pi 
                   
 71  .mc c N       
 71  .tm     ""
 71  .ig yy         
 72  .pm t         
 72  .fl           









                            79
                  .00322-01 33 01-15


              23.  
                   

       pif   
:
-               :
:

\\         - \ (     -
              \);

\e         -      -
             ;

\.         - ;

\()  -   ;

\&         -    ;

\!         -  "" ;

\"         -  ;

\$N        -    (1<=N<=9);

\%         -    ;

\*x,\*(xx  -     ;

\a         -  -;

\c         -   ;



                            80
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

\d         -     ()    1/2
             ;

\h'N'      -       -
             ;     N ( -
              N - );

\jx        -     -
                 ;

\kx        -     -
                 ;

\l'Nc'     -    ;

\L'Nc'     -    ;

\nx,\n(xx  -       x  
             xx;

\o'abc...' -      a,b,c...;

\p         -        
             ;

\r         -     -
               1 ;

\t         -     -
             ;

\u         -     -
               1/2 ;



                            81
                  .00322-01 33 01-15

\v'N'      -      -
             .      N (
              N-);

\w'.' -    ".";

\x'N'      -         
               (    -
               ,      -  
             );

\zc        -   "c"       (
              );

\{         -   ;

\}         -   ;

\(newline) -     ();

\X         - X,  ,   .

       \\, \.,  \",  \$,
\*,  \a, \n, \t  \(newline)    -


                              
                              
     MAN3.FCPS                PKOBOCTBO POPAM-
                              
                               3. 
                              
     AI.FCPS                  PKOBOCTBO POPAM-
                              
                               4. 
                                
                                J
     JZ.FCPS                  PKOBOCTBO POPAM-
                              
                               5. 
                                
                              J  Z
     MAN8.FCPS                PKOBOCTBO POPAM-
                              
                               6. 
                              
     MAN4.FCPS                PKOBOCTBO POPAM-
                               7. 
                              
     MAN5.FCPS                PKOBOCTBO POPAM-
                              
                               8.  
     MAN7.FCPS                PKOBOCTBO POPAM-
                              
                               9. 
     NED.FCPS                 PKOBOCTBO POPAM-
                              
                               10. 
                               
     MAN0.FCPS                PKOBOCTBO POPAM-
                              
                               11. 
                                -
                               
     DCON.FCPS                PKOBOCTBO POPAM-
                              
                               12.  
                                 
     ROP.FCPS                 PKOBOCTBO
                              
     PASCAL.FCPS              ACA.OCAE
                              
     AS.FCPS                  ACCEEP.OCAE
                              
     KPES.FCPS                OCAE OPOOO
                              
     BCDC.FCPS                AOOA EA      POPAA
                                 -
                                                -
                               -    -
                                8      CDC
     LEARN.FCPS               AOOBA EHA      OAA
                                 LEARN
                              
                               -
                                9
     ED.FCPS                  AOOA EA      PEAOP
                                 ED
                              
                               -
                                10
     SED.FCPS                 AOOA EA      PEAOP
                                 SED
                              
                               -
                                11
     FSCK.FCPS                AOOA EA      POPAA
                                
                                              
                               -   
                                13
     PIF.FCPS                 AOOA EA      CCEA
                                
                                              -
                               -    PIF
                                14
     M4.FCPS                  AOOA EA      MAPO-
                                 4
                              
                               -
                                16
     YACC.FCPS                AOOA EA      OCAE
                                 YACC
                              
                               -
                                17
     LEX.FCPS                 AOOA EA      OCAE
                                 LEX
                              
                               -
                                18
     F771.FCPS                AOOBA EHA
                               
                              
                              -77.
                              
     F772.FCPS                AOOBA EHA
                              OA OEPAOA
                              
                              -77. 
                              
     CC.FCPS                  AOOBA EHA
                               
                              
                              .  
     SH.FCPS                  AOOBA EHA
                               
                              
                              SHELL.O 
     CSH.FCPS                 AOOA EA
                               
                              
                              CSHELL. OCAE
                              
=========================================================================
     .  
     SH.FCPS                  AOOBA EHA
                               
                              
                              SHELL.O 
     CSH.FCPS                 AOOA EA
  rop.fcps

Last-modified: Tue, 30 Jun 1998 04:43:52 GMT
: