, , . , , . , : " ", -- , : " ". , , , . , "", , . 1984 , , , , , . , - . , , , , -- "" - -- " ", - " ", , , "" "". -- , , , . , -- , , . , . , , , , , , . , , . , - ( -- ). , , 1960 , . , , . , , : " : , , , . , , . , - , ..." . , , -- : . , . , , . , . , , , , , , ; , , , . ; , XXI . , , -- . ., -- . 2050 , . 1949 ________ 1984 - [1] -- . . . [2] . [3] [14]: ... ... -- : ... ... -- . .: They were very good cigarettes, very thick and well-packed, with an unfamiliar silkiness in the paper. [4] : ...... -- : ...... -- . .: You will get no comradeship and no encouragement. [5] : ... ... -- : ... ... -- . .: ...the exact opposite of the stupid hedonistic Utopias that the old reformers imagined. [6] : ..., ... -- : ..., , ... -- . .: ...for such things as eating, drinking, working... [7] : ... ... -- : ... ... [8] : ..."", ""... -- : ..."", "", ""... [9] : ..."", "", ""... -- : ..."", "" (), ""... [10] ipso facto -- (.). [11] , , "", "", , , , . -- . [12] : ...- ... - : ...- ... - . .: Even in the early decades of the twentieth century, telescoped words and phrases had been one of the characteristic features of political language; " , ... ." -- . [13] : ... ... -- : ... ... -- . .: It refers to something almost as easily recognized, and as limited in purpose, as a chair or a table. [14] "" ""; . : . .   ________ : (c) ________________________________  1984 22 1948 . , 1943 . [, IV, . 448]. ( "The Collected essays, journalism and letters of George Orwell", L., Seeker & Warburg, 1968, ). , 1944 ., " ". - "1984". , , , , , . , "1984": " -- ", " -- " . . : -- , -- . - : , ; , , . " " ("Live and Dead"). " " " " 1940 . [. http://orwell.pisem.net]. " " ( " "); , . , " " 1943 ., -- 1944-, . : " , , ... "1984" -- -- " [Crick . George Orwell. A Life. L., 1980, p. 582]. "1984" 1947 . . , 1948 . . : "... , . . , . - : ". , . - ( ), . 28 1948 . . - , 22 1948 . , , . . . , , . , - -- . "1984", 1949 . -- . "1984" 8 1949 . 25 500 . 13 1949 . -. , (50 000 .) (360 000 .). 60 , ; . "1984" , -- . , , , -- , ( , , ). " " " ". , "1984" , ( "", "- ", "", ""). . 16 . : " ( ), , . , , (, , -- ), . , , . , , , , " [, IV, . 502]. . , , . , , , : " , , -- . , . , , -- , , , , , . . , . , ..." [ rilling L. Speaking on Literature and Society. Oxford, 1980, p. 254]. -- -, , - . 1940 . " ", , , " , ", , " " [, II, . 12], -: " , , , ". " , , , ... ",-- [Crick . Op. cit., p. 381]. " " , -- -- , - . , , 14 1949 ., . , . , " "1984" , ", [Warburg F. All Authors are Equal. L., 1973, p. 105]. ...... , - ... -- . " " -- . , -- (. ' ). -- " ". . -- , . " , , , "" ... ..." (Homage to Catalonia. L., 1968, p. 102). -- , , , " " : "..., , , ",-- . " ". : " 1936 . , " [, I, . 4-5)]. . "" (. ); " " (. ); " XIX ... " (.); , " " "" (. ). , "" , , [, IV, . 371]. -- , --. -- - [Crick . Op. cit., p. 421]. -- -, -- " " "" [ Steinhff W. George Orwell and the Origins of "1984". Mien., 1976, p. 154]. . ... -- , "junk shops" , . " ", , "- ", , [Orwell G. Just junk -- But who could Resist It? -- "Evening Standard", 5 Jan. 1946]. ... -... ... -- . "1984": "... " [, IV, . 502]. , , , , , . , " , , " [, IV, . 150]. , ; . ", " (. . 1914), . "1984" : ; "22=4" ; ; []. , , . " , , , , " ", " [, II, . 229]. . : " . ... , , " [Crick . Op. cit., p. 494]. -- . . ; . : ", , ". " , -- . , -- , , , " [Pyvel . Wingate, Orwell and the Jewish Question. -- Commentary, No 11, Febr. 1951, p. 142]. . "" ; , 1937 . , . " No I" , , . " ", " " . " " [Souvarine . Caushemar en URSS. ., 1937, . 156]. , , "1984". : " ?.. , " [, II, . 368]. , , -- "1984" . " " : " , , ; -- ; , , ... " [, IV, . 371]. , . , . , " , , " [ urnham G. The Managerial Revolution: What is Happining in the World. N.Y., 1941. p. 175-176]. ... , ... -- , , . " , "", "", - " [, I, . 516]. ... -- , . 1940 . " , ", , " ": " ... -- - -- , . , ... . , , -, , -, , , , , . " [, II, . 13-14]. ... -- , 22 1941 ., , , - [, II, . 407]. - . : " , , , , , , , " [, II, . 314]. -- " " . , : "", , "", , " " [ rris S. Some Are More Equal than Others.-- "Penguin New Writings", No 40, 1950, p. 97]. , " ", " " [. http://orwell.pisem.net], " ... " [Orwell G. The Road to Wigan Piers. L., 1937, p. 180]. ... ... , , ... -- - "1984" . . , , , . , . . " " (. .) . " " , , , " ", , . , " " [ . . , "Tribune", 29.1.1950]. ... ... -- , , , , , , , "", , "", , , . . ...... ... -- : " -- , 6 8 , " [, II, . 430]. ... ... -- " ". , , " ", . , , . , , , . " ... , " [George Orwell: A Programme of Recorded Reminiscences, 2. XI. I960 -- Archive]. . [. " ..."]. ... -- . . , -- . " " (The Revolution Betrayed. N. Y. 1937), , " " , -- . " " (op. cit.) "" (The Machiavellians. N. Y., 1943), . ... -- --. . , , , , " ". : " , , , " [. : Williams R. Orwell. Fontana, 1971, p. 66]. -- , " " [ ]. ! ! ! -- " " , " , , . "", , , " [. " " - http://orwell.pisem.net]. 22=4 : , , , , . " ". " " , , , , " -- " [ . . . ., . 5. ., 1976. . 119]; "" -- -- 22 [ . . -- "", 1988, No 4, 5]. , , " ", [The Male Byronic. "Tribune" (L), 21 June 1940]. -- , -- "1984" 22=4. , . , . "Assingment in Utopia", : " " " "22=5" ... , , , , , " [, I., . 333-334]. ... -- ", " [ ausbre J. de The Woman Who Could not Die. L., 1938], . 1932 . ( 1933 .) , " ", " , , , " [op. cit., p. 85]. , , . . " ": . -- . "1984" " ", "" . [. cit., . 27], . . . , . , . , . . . " " " " [, II, . 25]. 1952 . , "" " , -- -- " [. : Arblaster A. The Rise and the Decline of Western Liberalism. Oxford, 1984, p. 319]. , -- ; " " 1968 . " ". , ... -- -- , , -- . 1943 . , " " , . " -- , -- . , ,-- , . , , , , . . , " " " [, 111, p. 160]. "" , ,-- , : , -- ' -- , " " . -- , : ; ; . . " " 850 [System of Basic English. L., 1934] " ". : " " " " ; , (""); . " ": " ". XX . " ", "" "" . , [., .: Harris . Misunderstanding of Newspeak. -- "The Times Lit. Supplement", 1984, No 4, p. 17]. ________ -: O. Dag (orwell@pisem.net)