, . []; , [] {32}. [-] < >. , [] , [ ] : - ! {33}, - : - - ! , - . : - ! ! , ! {34}. : , , , , , , - [], , . [] . : , [] . . [ ] , . , , . : - [] , . - , . . - {35}. , , , . , : - ? ! - , , , - .    1 . . , 1880 . . . , . . (. . - . , , . 25, ., 1937, . 883-885). . . : " ", " ", "" ", ", " "; " "; " "; " -" " -, . . "; " " . . , ; . . : ". "; "-, . "; "-c - ". . . " " . " " (., 1960, . 46-172). 2 . . , "-", , , ., 1950; . . , "-", , ., 1958; . . . - , ., 1954; -, -. , 1950; . . , , ., 1959; . . ( . . . ) " ", ., 1960. 3 -, , .; 1957; ( - -). , , ., 1961, ( - ) . 4 . . , , - . " ", . 2, 1920, . 28-29. 5 . , , . IX, , 1948, . 151. 6 . , , ., 1960, . 152. 7 "" "" . 8 "" (" ") , " . . R. Wilhelm [. R. Wilhelm, "Dschuang Dsi"; Jena, 1923, S. 244 ( - Wilhelm, Dschuang Dsi)]; Legge. , "", , , "" "literati", - J. Legge, The Sacred Books of the East, vol. XL, The Texts of Taoism, Oxford, 1891, p. 134 ( - J. Legge)]. 9 . . . " , " (., 1910, . 103). " " (, 1956). ( , ) , - . 10 " ", 60, - , , " " ( - ). . , . , " ", VII, 205-206. 11 . " ", . 1, ., 1957, . 78. 12 , . 50. 13 , . - "" " " (, , , ). , , : "... ..." (" ", 1). 14 . "" , . . [ , , . II, , 1958, . 820 ( - ); A. Graham, The Book of Lleh-tzu, London, I960, p. 9-10 ( - Graham)]. 15 . J. Legge, vol. XXXIX, p. 247-250; H. A. Giles, Chuang Tzu Mystic, Moralist and Social Reformer, Shanghai, 1926, p. 80-82 ( - H. Giles); R. Wilhelm, Dschuang Dsi, pp. 50-51; Ju-lan Fung, Chuang Tzu Shanghai, 1933, pp. 121-122 ( - Ju-lan Fung). 16 - . , (. Giles, pp. XX-XXII, XXIV-XXV). - A. Moor , (. . . , , 1947, . 294). 17 " " (.: , . 54, c.; . . , , 1954, . 41). 18 .: J. Legge, vol. XXXIX, p. 85; H. Giles, pp. 82, 120; R. Wilhelm, Lia Dsi, Jena, 1911, S. 2, 114 ( - Wilhelm Lia Dsi); J. Needham, Science and civilisation in China, vol. 1, Cambridge, 1954, pp. 153-154 ( - Needham), a . 19 " " "", ""; - ""; - "" (. " ", . . . , ., 1963, . 426-427; "", ., 1958, I, XV, 1). , " ", " ", " " [. . . , (), - " ", , 1963, 61, . 64 .]. 20 . . : " ( . - . .) , ...", - I . . ., " ..." (. . " ", . 156, 143). 21 . , " " (J. Legge, vol. XXXIX, 211). "" "". 22 " " - , , , - . 23 . , , - . . , , . 2, . 20, . 369. 21 (II-I . . .) - " " ( 370-335 378-343 . . .) " ". " " " (I . . .) , "" " ". , . () ("", "", "") (III .) (III-IV .). " " "" (VI-VII) 20 (. , . II, . 833-834). : () (). , , , . "", , "", XI . (. . . , X-XIII ., 1959, . 264. - . . ). "" (1-7 - "", 8-22 - "", 23-33 - ""). - . , , , . . . . , (IV-V .) (VI .) , (VII .) - - ; (XIX .), (XVII .), - " , " (" ", . 1, III, 2). - , . 25 (I . . .) - "" - : "[] ... ()". " " "" (. , . II, . 818-819). 26 . , . 819-820, 822. 27 . . . , "", - " ", . III, . 2, (1928), . 279, 284. 28 . . , - , - " ", 1940, 1, . 176, 191. 29 . J. Needham, vol. 11, Cambridge, 1956, p. 31. 30 . . , , , 1906. 31 . , , - . . , , . 7, . 360. 32 (. 34 . . .) . . . , : , , , ., 1873, . 99 ( - . . ). 33 . , , - . . , , . 21, . 314. 34 . . , . 73. 35 . "", . 3 (2), I, 269-272 (. . . , -, ., 1904, . 115-117). 36 . . . , , 1958, . 79. 37 . . . , " ", - . " ", 1962, . 432. 38 . , , , 1957, . 110. 39 . . , , . 7, . 360. 40 . "", " ", - , , . 2, ., 1955. 41 . . , , . I, M., 1946, . 96. 42 "- " ( ) - , . 43 . "" "", - , , . III, . 108, 88. . . , . , ., 1959, . 158. 44 . . , - , . 192-194. 45 . , . II, . 820. 46 , . 834. 47 . . , , - . "", .-., 1940, . 264-265. "" . , (1640-1715), ; 1962, . I, . 54. 48 (!) , "" (. , , - " ", 1956, 7). 49 XI-XII (?) . "" : " " ("", . 76). , , . II, . 820. " (XVIII-XIX .) (" , -, ") ; (. 47-48) (" , -, "). . , , , 1958, . 186-187, 76, 15 ( - ). "" ; , 1924 . (. , . 208-215). , , , , : , (IV-VI .) " (. , . . , . 76: - , " "; "", . 27, 3. " " - , ). . , . . , " ..." (. . . , , 1958, . 62; . , . 63, 94, 95, 185). 50 , VIII . (. , . 1), , -: . " " ("Offenbarungen der Unsichtbaren Welt", - . Wilhelm, Liu Dsi, S. 1) . " " ("Heaven's Gifts", - . Graham, p. 14). (. , - " ", 18.VII.1962 .). 51 . Graham, p. 1. . "" (. , . 8, 15, 59, 60), . . , "" (.:A. Waley, Three ways of thought in Ancient China, London, 1946; Derk Bodde,. Lieh-Tzuand the doves. A problem of dating, - "Asia Major", 5 (VII), 1-2, London, 1959), (Wilhelm, Lia Dsi, S. X, XVII). 62 , , , 1961. , . 6 ( - ). 53 , , . I, , 1936, . 284-286. ( - -). 54 , , . 32, , 1936, . I, . 391-392. 55 Wilhelm, Dschuang Dsi, S. XXIII. 56 J. Legge, vol. XXXIX, p. 10. 57 , . .... ..., . "", . I, 731. 58 . . , , . 302. 59 . , . II, . 853-854. James R. Ware "The sayings of Chuang Chou (New York, 1963) D. Leslie (.: "The journal of the American Oriental Society", 1964, vol. 84, 1, p. 62). 60 . , , . 1. 61 Witold Jablonsky, Czuang Tsy, Warsawa, 1953, p. 8. , . , "A source book in Chinese philosophy" (trsl. and compiled by Wing" Tsitchan, Princeton University Press, 1963, p. IX). 62 .: "" (M., 1954); " " (M., 1955). 63 . , - , . 194. 64 . , " ", - ". . . ", . IX, . 45. 65 , . 2. 66 . . . , . . , . . , . . , , 1962, . 421. , , . . , . 17. 67 , , "", "" VIII . (" , "), (XVIII .), ( .) 1 . . . " ". 68 , : (" ", 6) ("", 43); , (" ", 80) , ("", 178). (), - ( - .). . , , , , , , , : "... , ... - " (" ", 1956, 7, . 38). " , , "", " " ( , . II, . 855). . , - , . , , . 69 : () - (85), (136, 193, 214); - - (53) (137) . 70 "" - (63, 106 .), "" - , ( : 238, 284-285 .), : "" - "", "" - "" ( 75 170 ). , , , . - "" , : "" , (43, 60 .); "" - (171); ("" 43) - ("" 157 .). "" (162, 291, 292). 71 . , , . . , , 1956. 72 . . . , . ; . A. Graham, The Book of Lieh-Tzu..., - " ", 1958. 3; 1959, 3; 1961, 4. 73 . . , . " ". ., ., 1912, . 144; . (" ", VII, 178), . 74 , "" "", . . , . II, . 820. 75 . "" (. 9, 15, 17, I, 176, 331, 365). 76 () , , 2698 2598 . . . ; , . ( " " - ) . ,, ( () () (). , (. " " - " "). 77 (168, 197), : " , - , , " ( , . 282). . Ma "", (. 198-203). "" "", . : " ... , , " (A. Graham, . 18), . : "... , , , - - ". , (, . - . .) ; "... , " (R. Wilhelm, Lia Dsi, S. XVI, 115, 119 sq.). , , : "" "" (. ibid., S. 21, 22 sq.), "" (. "Dschuang Dsi", S. 21, 59 sq.), "" (, , . 27 . 2). . , "" - " , [ ] " - , (. 1 4, I, 15 74); " , " - (. 1 5, I, 5 108) ( . . . , , ., 1883, 1 .). "" - . 3 (1 2), I, 219 263; - . 1 (I) 3 (2), I, 37 269. "" "" - " ". 78 . . , - , . 196, 198. 79 . , , : " , : - , - " (A. Graham, p. 59). 80 . " " (A. Graham, p. 59), , , (171). 81 . . . , , . 21, . 282. 82 , . . . . , , 1962, . 58. ( , , ) - "" . , , . " " - , . 83 . , , . 151. 84 . " ", . 350 . 85 , : " , " - (116); " - , - " - (179); - (47, 94-95); - (155-156, 279); - , , (43, 46, 104, 183-184, 262-263). 86 . , ( 1857-1858 ). - . . , , . 12, . 736. 87 . , : "... , (. - . .) , , , , ". , " , " (A. Graham, p. 22), , , . " ", - . , , " " (. . . , , , 1946, . 102). 88 - " , [] , " (217) - . . - " " (. . , , . 291). 89 ( ) - -, (), (, ), - , . , , , . . "" "", . , , " " (. . , . , , ., 1959, . 213-214). , , " " (. , , - . " ", 1963, . 330). , , - . - - , . . 90 , - " " (179, 196), . . - " " (107). , , , (263); , Mo , " " (196), ; , (173, 180) , (106-107). - , "" "Mo" , , "" ( !) . 91 (Mo, Mo ) - . V . . ., , "" (""). 92 - "", "", , , (267, 254). : , , - . , "", , "" (. J. Legge, The works of Mencius, book III, pt II. book IV, pt I; . . , -, . 115, 238 ). , "" : " " " ". "" - "" - , : , "", Mo , "" . 93 , " " (. "", . 6, . 21), " " (. , ., 1957, . 100-101). 94 . , , . 152. 95 - , , (286). - , " ". , , , " ", . , "" (. 1, VII, 7), (); , " " " ", - (). " " (. 2, VI, 14). - . (, .), : , . "", , (. , . II, . 820-821). , ( ), , . , , . 96 - , "" (. 479 .), ( 473 .), , (. 340-278). "" , (. "-" . . . , ). , , , 1956. 97 . , . 141. 98 , . , " ", "" - "". "" (. . ), . , " " " , , " (A. Graham,, pp. 4-5). . 99 , , ( , ) "", " ", "", " ". " " " ", " " , " ... ". "" " " " " , " " ( , . 157-160). 100 , "", . (. . A. Giles, p. XIX). , . 101 , "" . " " (J. Legge, vol. XXXIX, p. 29); " ..." (Ju-lan Fung, p. 31). (, , " ", 90-91, 93-94 .). . , " " , " ... ", , , , , , , (. J. Needham, vol. II, pp. 1, 12, 35). 102 . : "... []. , , [], ..." (. " ", . . . , ., 1956, . 88). 103 , "" , , "" (, ), : , , , (. . . , , - - , II, ., 1961, . 68). 104 . . . , . 94-97. 105 " , . ", - , : " ? !" ("", . 12, I, 267). (.: . . , ; . . -, ), (.: . . , ; . . , , - . " ", ., 1961, . 10, 85, 185, 233-234). 107 " " : , , , . X . . .: , - . , , : " - " (" ", . 437-440). 108 ( , ) - ( 581 490 . . .), ( (. . 109,); (. . 48-49). " " (" " IV); (. "", . 5, . I, 101). . "" " ", . " , ", , 1936, . 3, . 418. 109 . . , - , . 176-181. 110 - . - " 5734 ( : . . , - , ., 1959) - , " ", . 111 . . . , , - . " ", . 214, 218 . 112 . " ", 1963, . 502, 503. 113 " " - " " " " ("",. 53, 54), " " ("", 136). 114 " " (" "), . 6, 7. 115 . Graham, p. 1. 116 " ... , ,, , , " (Graham, p. 33). 117 . , , 1953, . 693. 118 ( "", . 33) (. , . II, . 820), . 32 "" . " "; (" ", "", " "). , , "" (. 33),. , "" - . , , (. , . 227, 233). 119 . , , ., 1963, . II, . 404. 120 , , , , . (. . . , , ., 1958), , . 121 . . . ., , . 389-407. 122 . , , . . , ., 1962, . 110, 131, 118. 123 -, , . . , ., 1964, . 138.