CD-Writing HOWTO  --------------------------------------------------------------- Origin: Linux CD-Writing HOWTO http://linux.ru.net/book/html/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html http://linux.ru.net/book/html/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html ---------------------------------------------------------------

Winfried Trmper <truemper@guug.de>
: <admapril@april.kiev.ua>

v2.8.1, 20 1999

- Linux.

1.

2. Linux CD-ROM

3. CD

4. Dear Winfried,...

5.

6.

1.

CD-ROM, . " " , . , . CD-writing HOWTO , , .

1.1 Copyright,

Copyright Winfried Trmper 1996,1997,1998,1999. All rights reserved.

, , , .

, ; , , , , , .

: .

1.2

CD-R FAQ - FAQ - (CD-R).

CD_writers CD-ROM, Linux CD-ROM HOWTO, Linux SCSI HOWTO Linux Kernel HOWTO.

1.3 ... ... !

CD-ROM Compact Disc Read Only Memory ( ), , ( - pits) . ( , ). ( ) , . CD-ROM - .

CD-R - CD-ROM recordable CD-ROM, " " ..., . () CD-R () " " . , , , - . CD-R. , CD-ROM.

CD-ROM rewritable (: CD-RW) , CD-R . , . , - " ". - , " " CD-RW-writers. , : , (-> - ), .

HOWTO CD-R CD-RW. , .

1.4 CD-Writers

, , UNIX- , online http://www.guug.de:8080/cgi-bin/winni/lsc.pl.

, cdrecord: 

Acer:           CDRW 6206A
BTC:            BCE 621E (IDE)
Compro:         CW-7502, CW-7502B
Creative:       RW 4224E
Dysan:          CRW-1622
Elite:          Elite b444.41
Grundig:        CDR 100 IPW
Guillemot:      Maxi CD-R 4X/8X
HP:             SureStore 4020i, SureStore 6020i,
                C4324, C4325
                CD-Writer+ 7100, CD-Writer+ 7200i,
                CD-Writer+ 8100i, CD-Writer+ 8110i,
Hi-Val:         CDD 2242, CDD-3610,
JVC:            XR-W2001, XR-W2010, XR-W2042, R-2626
Kodak:          PCD 200, PCD 225, PCD 260, PCD 600
Matsushita:     CW-7502
Memorex:        CRW-620, CRW-1622
Microboards:    PlayWrite 2000, PlayWrite 4000RW, PlayWrite 4001RW
MicroNet:       MasterCD Plus 4x4, MasterCD Plus 4x6
Mitsubishi:     CDRW-226
Mitsumi:        CR-2401-TS, CR-2600 TE,  CR-2801 TE, CR-4801 TE
Nomai:          680.RW
OTI:            CDRW 965
Olympus:        CDS 615E, CDS 620E
Optima:         DisKovery 650 CD-R
OTI:            CDRW 965
Panasonic:      CW-7502, CW-7582
Philips:        CDD-521/10, CDD-522
                CDD-2000, CDD-2600, CDD-3600, CDD-3610
                Omniwriter 26, Omniwriter 26A
Plasmon:        CDR 480, CDR 4220, RF-4100, RF-4102, CDR 4400
Plextor:        CDR PX-24 CS, PX-412 C, PX-R412 C
                PX-R810Ti, PleXwriter 412C
Procom:         PCDR 4
Ricoh:          RO-1420C+, MP 1420C, MP 6200S, MP 6201S, MP 7040A
Sanyo:          CRD-R24S
Smart and
Friendly:       CD-RW226, CD-R1002, CD-R1002/PRO, CD-R1004,
                CD-R2004, CD-R2006 PLUS, CD-R2006 PRO,
                CD-R4000, CD-R4006, CD-R4012
Sony:           CDU 920S, CDU 924, CDU 926S, CDU-928E,
                CDU 948S, CDRX 100E
Taiyo Yuden:    EW-50
TEAC:           CD-R50S, CD-R55S, CDR-55S, CDR-56S-400
Traxdata:       CRW 2260, CDR 4120, CDRW 4260,
Turtle Beach:   2040R
WPI (Wearnes):  CDRW-622, CDR-632P
YAMAHA:         CDR-100, CDR 102, CDR-200, CDR-200t, CDR-200tx
                CDR-400, CDR-400c, CDR-400t, CDR-400tx, CDR-400Atx
                CRW-2260, CRW-2260t,
                CRW-4250tx, CRW-4260 t, CRW-4260 tx, CRW-4261,
                CRW-4416 S
1: CD-writers Linux

, Linux, CD, CD-R Macintosh. , , Linux.

1.5 ""

CD Linux : 

             cdwrite-2.1     cdrecord-1.6      cdrdao
--------------------------------------------------------------
IDE/ATAPI                                         
                                  
CD-RW                                             
AudioCD                                            
Data CD-ROM                                        
Multisession                                 
TAO (Track at once)                                
DAO (Disk at once)
2:

cdwrite - . cdrecord , .. . cdrdao - CD ( disk-at-once mode). - (" ") 

        mkisofs         mkhybrid
--------------------------------------------
ISO 9660                      
RockRidge                     
El Torito                     
HFS                          
Joliet                        
Multisession
3:

ISO9660, Extended-2 , - , . ISO9660 .

RockRidge , . , CD DOS Windows.

El Torito , CD. BIOS PC . , 1.44 CD-ROM . , .

HFS macintosh CD-ROM, HFS ( MacOs)

Joliet ( ) Windows (95, NT). DOS Windows 3.11

2.8 .

1.6

( ), cdwrite-request@other.debian.org , subscribe .

1.7

http://www.guug.de/~winni/linux/.

2. Linux CD-ROM

Linux, cdrecord -scanbus . - Linux , .. - : 

shell> cdrecord -scanbus
Cdrecord release 1.7a1 Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Jrg Schilling
scsibus0:
          0) 'Quantum ' 'XP34300         ' 'F76D' Disk
          1) 'SEAGATE ' 'ST11200N        ' '8334' Disk
          2) *
          3) 'TOSHIBA ' 'MK537FB/        ' '6258' Disk
          4) 'WANGTEK ' '5150ES SCSI-36  ' 'ESB6' Removable Tape
          5) 'EXABYTE ' 'EXB-8500-85QUE  ' '0428' Removable Tape
          6) 'TOSHIBA ' 'XM-3401TASUNSLCD' '3593' Removable CD-ROM
          7) *
scsibus1:
        100) 'Quantum ' 'XP31070W        ' 'L912' Disk
        101) *
        102) *
        103) 'TEAC    ' 'CD-R55S         ' '1.0H' Removable CD-ROM
        104) 'MATSHITA' 'CD-R   CW-7502  ' '4.02' Removable CD-ROM
        105) *
        106) 'YAMAHA  ' 'CDR400t         ' '1.0d' Removable CD-ROM
        107) *
1: SCSI-

Jrg Schilling CD-writers. SCSI , CD-ROM . R, -R, -RW.

2.1 Linux

Linux . , . Linux . : IDE, IDE , .

CD-writer-: SCSI, IDE/ATAPI . 4 Linux . - , . - ( ). - . SCSI, IDE PP (PP= ) 

Sect.  Description                 Module   SCSI  IDE   PP
------------------------------------------------------------
BLOCK  Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL...                     Y
BLOCK  IDE/ATAPI CDROM             ide-cd          M
BLOCK  SCSI hostadaptor emulation  ide-scsi        M
BLOCK  Loopback device             loop       M    M     M

PARIDE Parallel port IDE device    paride               Y/M
PARIDE Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROMs                       M
PARIDE Parallel port generic ATAPI                       M
PARIDE (select a low-level driver)                       Y

SCSI   SCSI support                scsi_mod  Y/M  Y/M
SCSI   SCSI CD-ROM support         sr_mod    Y/M  Y/M
SCSI     Enable vendor-specific               Y    Y
SCSI   SCSI generic support        sg        Y/M  Y/M
SCSI   (select a low-level driver)            Y

FS     ISO 9660 CDROM filesystem   iso9660    Y    Y     Y
FS     Microsoft Joliet cdrom...   joliet     M    M     M
4:

Y , . M , , . Y/M ( ). , , , , ( ).

, SCSI, ATAPI, .

( : ), /proc/devices. , 'lsmod'. , 'modprobe -l'. , . , Kernel-HOWTO . Module-HOWTO.

, /etc/modules, (kerneld, kmod). Linux, .

- , .

CD-ROM, ISO9660. RockRidge. MS Joliet , c .

, . , . SCSI , , .

2.2

2.2.10, CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN ('probe for multiple luns') ide-scsi , ide-scsi .

2.2-. Linux. :

2.2 , (IDE SCSI) ATAPI . : 2.0 2.2.

2.2, IDE/ATAPI ignore= ide . : "modprobe ide-cd ignore=hdb", ATAPI-writer hdb ide-scsi hdb scsi-( sr0). ( 2.0)

2.0

2.0.31 CD-ROM. 2.0.37.

2.0.36 (IDE SCSI) ATAPI . , "SCSI emulation" (/ ). , CD-writer /dev/hdb, hdb=ide-scsi 

image=/boot/zImage-2.0.36
  label=Linux
  read-only
  append="hdb=ide-scsi"
2: lilo (/etc/lilo.conf) 

linux "Linux 2.0.36" {
        image=/boot/zImage-2.0.36
        cmdline= root=/dev/hda5 readonly hdb=ide-scsi
}
3: chos (/etc/chos.conf)

2.2

, . .

{ devfs . devfs, .}

/dev- , , . (. 3.5). ls - loop0-loop7: 

shell> cd /dev
shell> ls loop*
loop0 loop1 loop2 loop3 loop4 loop5 loop6 loop7
:

, , /dev/MAKEDEV-: 

shell> cd /dev/
shell> modprobe loop
shell> ./MAKEDEV loop
:

, loop- . loop- (sg*, pg*, hd*, ...) .

IDE/ATAPI CD-writers

ATAPI "SCSI- IDE ". , IDE/ATAPI SCSI ( ) SCSI .

Linux , IDE-writer , SCSI , "SCSI (hostadaptor) emulation". .. ide-scsi , , SCSI-writer.

SCSI-writers

, writer BIOS . , ( ).

SCSI , . http://www.torque.net/parport/parscsi.html, .

SCSI .

/dev/sd* /dev/sr* SCSI SCSI CD-ROM- - . . CD-writer- , . sd* sr* , SCSI SCSI . SCSI- , - .

, /dev ( ) 

shell> cd /dev
shell> ls sg*
sg0  sg1  sg2  sg3  sg4  sg5  sg6  sg7

, /dev/MAKEDEV : 

shell> cd /dev/
shell> ./MAKEDEV sg

Linux /dev/MAKEDEV, : 

for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
do
        mknod /dev/sg$i c 21 $i
done

CD-writer-

, . , http://www.torque.net/parport/paride.html /usr/src/linux/Documentation/paride.txt.

2.3 -

CD-ROM- http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdb.html.

, CD-R: ( CD-ROM )

ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/mkisofs/ (mkisofs)

ftp://ftp.ge.ucl.ac.uk/pub/mkhfs (mkhybrid)

CD-R, :

ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/ (cdrecord)

http://www.ping.de/sites/daneb/cdrdao.html (cdrdao)

() mkisofs, , 1.5 cdwrite. cdrecord, . , , mkisofs cdrecord ( cdrecord).

()

Linux. , , .

X-CD-Roast - CD Linux. , cdrecord mkisofs, .

http://www.fh-muenchen.de/home/ze/rz/services/projects/xcdroast/e_overview.html

BurnIT - JAVA cdrecord, mkisofs cdda2wav-0.95, CD UNIX .

http://sunsite.auc.dk/BurnIT/

XDaodio

cdrdao. - 1:1 CD.

http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~MarkusTschan/

3. CD

"If to smoke you turn I shall not cease to fiddle while you burn." ( -CD AD64. .)

CD Linux 2 :

data-CD audio-CD .

3.1 CD-ROM ( )

, . , , CD .

, CD ISO-9660 ( ). 620 650 CD-R.

CD-ROM

( , CD) (DOS : ). , .

, , . CD , , - .: , .. , .

CD. mkisofs. : 

mkisofs  -r   -o cd_image   private_collection/
              `---------'   `-----------------'
                   |               |

'-r ' CD Rock Ridge. , , , (: '-r ' private_collection!).

mkisofs 8.3, DOS, . ( 8.3 ), , STDERR ( ). : Linux 8.3 , Linux RockRidge , (, , ..).

, mkisofs CD. :

CD-R .

. , , (- ), Linux- (: ). , - , CD- - , CD. 650 ( , ).

CD

Linux , . CD CD. , , , , .

cd_image /cdrom, 

mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop=/dev/loop0 cd_image /cdrom

/cdrom - , CD. CD- umount /cdrom (: '-K ' mkisofs, /cdrom . , , 2.0.36. -pad mkisofs audio-CD -pad mkisofs , , ).

:

mount . mount, - , Linux-.

, HOWTO. . Linux mount: . Linux : .

Linux, HOWTO .

CD CD

. , 

cdrecord -scanbus

SCSI- CD-writer. cdrecord- HOWTO ( SCSI ).

, , , CD , . .. CD , CD . . : 650, 650000 ( 1 ). . , , web .

, , CD, . CD, .

, , SCSI-id CD SCSI , ASR-FAQ ( alt.sysadmin.recovery) : (. .: :) 

shell> SCSI_BUS=0   #     1 "scsibus0:"
shell> SCSI_ID=6    #     1 "TOSHIBA XM-3401"
shell> SCSI_LUN=0
shell> cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=$SCSI_BUS,$SCSI_ID,$SCSI_LUN \
                   -data  cd_image

#  ,   ,  :
shell> cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=0,6,0  -data  cd_image

, :SCSI_BUS, SCSI_ID, SCSI_LUN. -data non-mandatory , audio-CD.

cdrecord CD-RW, "blank=..." . man- CD-RW.

, , , 400 , mkisofs cdrecord: 

shell> IMG_SIZE=`mkisofs -R -q -print-size private_collection/  2>&1 \
| sed -e "s/.* = //"`
shell> echo $IMG_SIZE
shell> [ "0$IMG_SIZE" -ne 0 ] && mkisofs -r  private_collection/  \
|cdrecord  speed=2  dev=0,6,0
            tsize=${IMG_SIZE}s  -data  -
#              s --^     ^--    STDIN

( mkisofs cdrecord). writer , . tsize- cdrecord ( IMG_SIZE). - mkisofs cdrecord, .

3.2 audio-CD

audio-CD . : audio-CD , . .. 10 CD, . - ISO9660 ( ), "16 PCM 44100 / (44.1)".

- sox. : 

shell> sox  killing-my-software.wav  killing-my-software.cdr

killing-my-software WAV- CDR-. . man- sox , sox. .. , cdrecord WAV AU. , .wav .au ( 16 44.1 ), .

cdrecord audio-, -audio. CD ( ). , : 

shell> cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=0,6,0  -audio  track1.cdr track2.cdr...
shell> cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=0,6,0  -audio  track1.wav track2.wav...
shell> cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=0,6,0  -audio  track1.au  track2.au...

MPEG-3 , "mpg123 -s track1.mp3>track.cdr". (: , -swap cdrecord). "8bz-mp3" WAV ( cdda2wav CD MP# 8Hz-mp3). CD_R MP3 , . 

for I in *.mp3
do
    mpg123 -s $I | cdrecord -audio -pad -swab -nofix -
done
cdrecord -fix

, "speed=1" ( cdrecord). "speed=4", MP3 . mpg123 ! , -dummy ( ). audio-CD, .

DAO

, disk-at-once (DAO) track-at-once (TAO) . DAO cdrdao. .

read-cd, 1:1 audio-CD.

3.3 Mixed mode CD-ROM

. () -data -audio. : 

cdrecord  -v dev=0,6,0  -data  cd_image  -audio  track*.cdr

4. Dear Winfried,...

, " ". , , , CD-R .

4.1 " ?"