yushchemusya raspisaniyu. Ne pristupajte k etoj procedure, ne otre- daktirovav (ili po krajnej mere ne proveriv) fajl raspisaniya schedule: vy dolzhny byt' uvereny, chto on vam podhodit. Administrator sistemy dolzhen planirovat' dublirovaniya tak, chtoby v eto vremya v sisteme bylo kak mozhno men'she pol'zovatelej (ili voobshche nikogo). V takom sluchae vy garantirovanno poluchite korrektnuyu kopiyu samoj poslednej versii kazhdogo fajla. Regulyarnoe raspisanie dublirovaniya trebuet dostatochnoj na- lichnosti nositelej i sootvetstvuyushchego sroka ih hraneniya. Rezerv- nye kopii urovnya 0 sleduet hranit' po krajnej mere god, a v slu- chae osoboj vazhnosti - i dol'she. Drugie kopii sleduet hranit' ne menee dvuh nedel'. Toma nositelej dolzhny imet' nadlezhashchie metki, vklyuchayushchie datu dublirovaniya i imena fajlov i katalogov, vhodya- shchih v kopiyu. Po istechenii sroka hraneniya rezervnoj kopii nosite- li mozhno ispol'zovat' dlya sozdaniya novyh kopij. Ispol'zovanie otformatirovannogo nositelya Esli vy pol'zuetes' nositelem, kotoryj nuzhno formatirovat', naprimer, gibkim diskom ili lentoj v mini-kassete, vam, veroyat- no, predvaritel'no pridetsya otformatirovat' neskol'ko tomov. Tochnoe chislo tomov zavisit ot kolichestva i razmera dubliruemyh fajlov. Podrobnee o formatirovanii nositelej sm. glavu "Ispol'- zovanie gibkih diskov i nakopitelej na magnitnoj lente" v dannom dokumente. U vas takzhe est' vozmozhnost' vypolnit' formatirovanie iz programmy sysadmsh. (Zametim, chto mini-kassety ochen' dolgo formatiruyutsya.) Zapusk dublirovaniya CHtoby vypolnit' zaplanirovannoe dublirovanie, sdelajte sle- duyushchee. 1. Zapustite sysadmsh i sdelajte vybor Backups->Create->Scheduled 2. Na ekrane poyavitsya menyu primerno takogo vida: . - 6-12 - +--------------------------------------------------------------- | Level 0 backup of filesystem /dev/rroot, 22 Sep 1988 | tape size: 450 feet [or Kb] | tape drive: /dev/rct0 | This tape will be saved for 1 year, and is critical. | | M)ounted volume, P)ostpone, C)heck or F)ormat volumes, | R) Retension or H)elp: | | (Dublirovanie urovnya 0 fajlovoj sistemy /dev/rroot, 22.09.88 | razmer lenty: 450 futov [ili Kbajt] | lentochnoe ustrojstvo: /dev/rct0 | |ta lenta budet hranit'sya 1 god i yavlyaetsya kritichnoj. | Smontirovat' tom (M), Otlozhit' (P), Proverit' (C) ili | Otformatirovat' (F) toma, Sohranenie (R) ili Spravochnik (H): | Vyvoditsya tip nositelya, zadannyj v fajle schedule. Zagruzi- te tom (lentu ili disk) na vybrannom nakopitele. Vvedite "m", chtoby programma uznala, chto tom smontirovan, i nazhmite <Return>. 3. Esli vy ispol'zuete cpio, sistema vydast tekushchuyu datu i datu poslednego dublirovaniya: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | Level 0 backup of filesystem: /dev/rroot | Backing up all files (Dubliruyutsya vse fajly) | Generating list of pathnames for backing up... | (Generiruetsya spisok imen putej dlya dublirovaniya...) | |tot process zanimaet neskol'ko minut. 4. Esli vy ispol'zuete xbackup, sistema vydast tekushchuyu datu i datu poslednego dublirovaniya: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | Backup date= the epoch (Data dublirovaniya = nachalo epohi) | Backing up /dev/rroot to /dev/fd096ds15 | (Esli vy do etogo ne vypolnyali dublirovanie, v sisteme ne zaregistrirovana data poslednego dublirovaniya, i vmesto nee vy- voditsya "the epoch".) Vyvoditsya primernoe chislo trebuemyh tomov. 5. Zatem sistema nachinaet kopirovat' fajly na nositel'. Es- li na tome ischerpano mesto, programma vyvodit odno iz sleduyushchih soobshchenij, sootvetstvenno dlya cpio i xxbackup: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | Reached end of medium on output | Insert volume 2 and press <RETURN> to continue or 'q' to exit | (Dostignut konec toma pri vyvode | Vstav'te tom 2 i nazhmite <RETURN>, chtoby prodolzhit', | ili 'q', chtoby zakonchit') | +--------------------------------------------------------------- | Please insert new volume, then press <RETURN> | (Pozhalujsta, vstav'te novyj tom i nazhmite <RETURN>) | . - 6-13 - Zamechanie Esli vy pol'zuetes' pri dublirovanii 5.25-dyujmovymi gibkimi diskami, to pered nazhatiem <Return> ubedites', chto stvorki dis- kovoda zakryty. Snimite tom s nakopitelya, vstav'te novyj i nazhmite <Return>. Programma prodolzhit kopirovanie fajlov na novyj tom. Povtoryajte etot punkt do teh por, poka programma ne vydast soob- shchenie +--------------------------------------------------------------- | n blocks | Check critical volumes for format errors | | (n blokov. Prover'te kritichnye toma na nalichie oshibok formata) | 6. Esli proizoshla oshibka, dublirovanie ob®yavlyaetsya neudach- nym i povtoryaetsya s nachala. Vash nositel' mozhet okazat'sya defekt- nym, poetomu esli oshibka ostaetsya, zamenite ego. Poyavitsya sleduyushchee menyu: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | M)ounted which volume, E)rror on previous volume, D)one, | S)kip checks, or H)elp: | | (Kakoj tom smontirovat' (M), Oshibka na predydushchem tome (E), | Vypolneno (D), Obojti proverki (S), Spravochnik (H): | Posle togo, kak dublirovanie uspeshno zavershitsya, budut vy- dany instrukcii o tom, kak pometit' toma. Esli vy vypolnyaete proverki formata, ubedites', chto vy vstavili pervyj tom soglasno instrukcii, inache dublirovanie prekratitsya. Esli vy ne hotite proveryat' toma, vyberite "Skip". Ubedites', chto vashi toma zashchi- shcheny ot zapisi. . - 6-14 - VYPOLNENIE NEZAPLANIROVANNOGO DUBLIROVANIYA Rezervnye kopii mozhno sozdavat' na lente ili na diske. Esli vy pol'zuetes' nositelem, kotoryj nuzhno formatirovat', naprimer, gibkim diskom, vam, veroyatno, predvaritel'no pridetsya otformati- rovat' neskol'ko tomov. Tochnoe chislo tomov zavisit ot kolichestva i razmera dubliruemyh fajlov. Podrobnee o formatirovanii nosite- lej sm. glavu "Ispol'zovanie gibkih diskov i nakopitelej na mag- nitnoj lente" v dannom dokumente. U vas takzhe est' vozmozhnost' vypolnit' formatirovanie iz programmy sysadmsh. CHtoby vypolnit' nezaplanirovannoe dublirovanie, sdelajte sleduyushchee. 1. Zapustite sysadmsh i sdelajte vybor Backups->Create->Unscheduled 2. Na ekrane poyavitsya sleduyushchee: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Unscheduled | | Press <F3> to choose from a list of filesystems | | /tmp/sysadm 03/15/89 08:20 | | | |+-------------------Archive Filesystem-----------------------+| || || || File system to archive : [ ] || || Media : [ ] || || Block size in bytes : [512 ] || || Format floppy : [Yes] [No] || || || || Press <Return> to backup the filesystem or <ESC> to || || abandon || || || || [Archive] || || || |+------------------------------------------------------------+| | | | Vne raspisaniya | | Nazhmite <F3>, chtoby vybrat' fajlovuyu sistemu iz spiska | | Arhiv fajlovyh sistem | | Fajlovaya sistema, vnosimaya v arhiv: [ ] | | Nositel': [ ] | | Razmer bloka v bajtah: [512] | | Formatirovat' disketu: [Da] [Net] | | Nazhmite <Return>, chtoby sdelat' rezervnuyu kopiyu | | fajlovoj sistemy, ili <ESC>, esli ne hotite delat' | | [Arhiv] | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ 3. Vyberite fajlovuyu sistemu, kotoruyu nuzhno skopirovat', vvedya ee imya ili nazhav <F3>, chtoby poluchit' spisok dlya vybora. Budet vyveden spisok vseh fajlovyh sistem, perechislennyh v fajle /etc/default/filesys. (Sm. filesys(F).) S pomoshch'yu klavish pereme- . - 6-15 - shcheniya kursora vyberite nomer fajlovoj sistemy, kotoruyu vy sobra- lis' dublirovat', i nazhmite <Return>. (Esli vy hotite zadat' fajlovuyu sistemu, otsutstvuyushchuyu v /etc/default/filesys, vyberite "Other"; vy poluchite priglashenie na vvod imeni.) 4. Zatem vyberite ustrojstvo, vvedya ego imya ili nazhav <F3> dlya polucheniya spiska. V menyu budut vyvedeny ustrojstva, imeyushchie- sya v /etc/default/archive; vy mozhete dobavit' v menyu svoi stroki ili prosto otredaktirovat' sam fajl. Razmer bloka ustanovitsya avtomaticheski. Zamechanie Bud'te vnimatel'ny pri vybore nomera ustrojstva. V chastnos- ti, prover'te, ne vybrali li vy "Floppy drive 1" (vtoroj disko- vod dlya gibkih diskov), imeya v vidu "Floppy drive 0" (pervyj diskovod). Esli vy oshiblis', dublirovanie prekratitsya, i vse pridetsya nachat' snachala. 5. Vy mozhete otformatirovat' nuzhnoe chislo tomov, vstavlyaya ih v nakopitel' i vybiraya "Yes" v stroke Format floppy. Kak go- vorilos' vyshe, lenty v mini-kassetah takzhe nuzhno formatirovat'. 6. Zagruzite tom (lentu ili disk) v vybrannyj nakopitel' i nazhmite <Return>. Sistema vydast tekushchuyu datu i datu poslednego dublirovaniya. Zatem nachnetsya kopirovanie fajlov. Esli mesto na tome ischerpano, poyavitsya odno iz sleduyushchih soobshchenij, sootvets- tvenno dlya cpio i xxbackup: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | Reached end of medium on output | Insert volume 2 and press <RETURN> to continue or 'q' to exit | | (Dostignut konec toma pri vyvode | Vstav'te tom 2 i nazhmite <RETURN>, chtoby prodolzhit', | ili 'q', chtoby zakonchit') | +--------------------------------------------------------------- | Please insert new volume, then press <RETURN> | | (Pozhalujsta, vstav'te novyj tom i nazhmite <RETURN>) | 7. Snimite pervyj tom, vstav'te novyj i nazhmite <Return>. Programma prodolzhit kopirovat' fajly na novyj tom. Povtoryajte etot punkt do teh por, poka programma ne vydast soobshchenie DONE (Vypolneno) - 6-16 - Esli vy pol'zuetes' gibkimi diskami, vam, vozmozhno, pridet- sya povtorit' poslednij punkt neskol'ko raz, prezhde chem dubliro- vanie zavershitsya. Snimaya kazhdyj tom s nakopitelya, pomechajte ego. Naprimer, pomet'te pervyj tom "Volume 1" (Tom 1), vtoroj - "Volume 2" (Tom 2) i t.d. . - 6-17 - PROVERKA REZERVNOJ KOPII Dlya togo, chtoby mozhno bylo ubedit'sya, chto dublirovanie vy- polneno tochno i bez oshibok, v menyu dublirovaniya sysadmsh predus- motrena opciya Integrity (celostnost'). Toma proveryayutsya putem neposredstvennogo sravneniya s fajlami na zhestkom diske, otkuda oni byli skopirovany. Vojdite v sysadmsh i vyberite Backups->Integrity +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Integrity | | Press ?<Return> to obtain a list of available media | | | | /tmp/sysadm 03/15/89 08:20 | | | |+---------------Verify Integrity of a Backup-----------------+| || || || Media : [_ ] || || Block size in bytes : [512 ] || || || || Press <Return> to check the integrity of the backup || || or <ESC> to abandon || || || || [Check Integrity] || || || |+------------------------------------------------------------+| | | | Nazhmite ?<Return> dlya polucheniya spiska dostupnyh nositelej | | Proverka celostnosti rezervnoj kopii | | Nositel': [_ ] | | Razmer bloka v bajtah: [512 ] | | Nazhmite <Return>, chtoby proverit' celostnost' kopii, | | ili <ESC>, esli etogo ne nado delat' | | [Proverka celostnosti] | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Vvedite ili vyberite tip nositelya i po ocheredi vstavlyajte toma rezervnoj kopii. |to dolgij process; proverka bol'shoj kopii zajmet izryadno mnogo vremeni. Kogda fajly budut provereny, cpio vyvedet ih spisok. - 6-18 - Zamechanie Vo vremya proverki mogut poyavit'sya soobshcheniya, ukazyvayushchie na otlichie fajla na zhestkom diske ot rezervnoj kopii. |to mozhet byt' vyzvano tem, chto nekotorye fajly mogut izmenit'sya za tot korotkij promezhutok vremeni, kotoryj prohodit mezhdu dublirovani- em i proverkoj. Takie soobshcheniya mozhno ignorirovat'. . - 6-19 - POLUCHENIE LISTINGA DUBLIROVANIYA Vy mozhete posmotret' spisok produblirovannyh fajlov, zadav generaciyu listinga v menyu Backups v sysadmsh. Dlya etogo sdelajte sleduyushchee. 1. Vyberite v sysadmsh Backups->View 2. Na ekrane poyavitsya sleduyushchee: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | View | | Press <F3> to choose from a list of available media | | | | /tmp/sysadm 03/15/89 08:20 | | | |+--------------------Contents of a Backup--------------------+| || || || Media : [_ ] || || Block size in Bytes : [512 ] || || || || Press <Return> to view the contents of the backup || || or <ESC> to abandon || || || || [View] || || || |+------------------------------------------------------------+| | | | Prosmotr | | Nazhmite <F3> dlya vybora dostupnogo nositelya iz spiska | | Soderzhimoe rezervnoj kopii | | Nositel': [_ ] | | Razmer bloka v bajtah: [512 ] | | Nazhmite <Return>, chtoby prosmotret' rezervnuyu kopiyu, | | ili <ESC>, esli etogo ne nado delat' | | [Prosmotr] | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ 3. Nazhmite <F3> (pervoe pole), chtoby poluchit' perechen' ust- rojstv. Razmer bloka vybiraetsya avtomaticheski. 4. Programma vydast vam priglashenie vstavit' pervyj tom re- zervnoj kopii. Zagruzite ego i nazhmite <Return>. 5. Esli vasha kopiya - tom cpio: kogda vse toma rezervnoj ko- pii prochitany, na ekrane poyavitsya primerno sleduyushchee: . - 6-20 - +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | View | | <esc> to exit, movement keys are active | | (Dlya vyhoda nazhmite <esc>, klavishi kursora aktivny)| | | | cpio -itv /dev/rfd096ds15 -C512 03/10/89 11:03 | | | |+------------------------- cpio -----------------------------+| || || || 100711 wadley 5678 Feb wadley/tell0 || || 100711 wadley 6789 Feb wadley/tell1 || || 100711 wadley 4112 Feb wadley/tell2 || || 100711 wadley 9972 Feb wadley/tell3 || || 100711 wadley 6689 Feb wadley/tell4 || || 100711 wadley 1102 Feb wadley/tell5 || || 100711 wadley 6602 Feb wadley/tell6 || || 100711 wadley 5511 Feb wadley/tell7 || || 100711 wadley 1111 Feb wadley/tell8 || || 100711 wadley 3312 Feb wadley/tell9 || || || |+------------------------------------------------------------+| | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ 5. Esli vasha kopiya - tom xbackup: kogda vse toma rezervnoj kopii prochitany, na ekrane poyavitsya primerno sleduyushchee: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | View | | <esc> to exit, movement keys are active | | | | restore fT /dev/rfd096ds15 03/10/89 11:03 | | | |+------------------------ xbackup ---------------------------+| || || || Dump date: Fri Mar 10 15:09:57 1989 || || Dumped from: Fri Mar 3 10:00:00 1989 || || 3 /tell0 || || 4 /tell1 || || 5 /tell2 || || 6 /tell3 || || 7 /tell4 || || 8 /tell5 || || 9 /tell6 || || 10 /tell7 || || 11 /tell8 || || 12 /tell9 || || || |+------------------------------------------------------------+| | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ . - 6-21 - VOSSTANOVLENIE OTDELXNYH FAJLOV I KATALOGOV S REZERVNOJ KOPII Vy mozhete s pomoshch'yu sysadmsh vosstanovit' otdel'nye fajly ili podkatalogi s tomov rezervnoj kopii fajlovoj sistemy. Dlya etogo nuzhen polnyj komplekt tomov rezervnoj kopii s samoj pos- lednej versiej fajla (fajlov), kotorye vy namereny vosstanovit'. Esli vy vosstanavlivaete fajl, kotoryj za poslednee vremya ne iz- menyalsya, vospol'zujtes' poslednej rezervnoj kopiej urovnya 0. Dlya vosstanovleniya fajlov nuzhno ispol'zovat' ih polnye ime- na putej. |ti imena soderzhatsya v listinge dublirovaniya. Esli fajly ne iz kornevoj fajlovoj sistemy, imya fajlovoj sistemy v ¬2imeni puti nuzhno opustit'. ¬3 ¬0Naprimer, ¬3 ¬0chtoby¬3 ¬0 vosstanovit' ¬3 fajl /u/stellar/data iz rezervnoj kopii /u, nado vvesti /stellar/data Vosstanovlenie fajla vypolnyaetsya sleduyushchim obrazom. 1. Vojdite v sysadmsh i vyberite Backups->Restore->Partial 2. Na ekrane poyavitsya: . - 6-22 - +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Partial | | Press <F3> to obtain a list of available media | | | | /tmp/sysadm 03/15/89 08:20 | | | |+-------------------- Restore File --------------------------+| || || || Media : [ ] || || File to restore : [ ] || || Directory to restore to : [ ] || || Block size in Bytes : [512 ] || || || || Press <Return> to restore the file or <ESC> to || || abandon || || || || [Restore] || || || |+------------------------------------------------------------+| | | | CHastichnoe | | Nazhmite <F3> dlya polucheniya spiska dostupnyh nositelej | | Vosstanovlenie fajla | | Nositel': [ ] | | Vosstanavlivaemyj fajl: [ ] | | Katalog dlya vosstanovlennogo fajla: [ ] | | Razmer bloka v bajtah: [512 ] | | Nazhmite <Return>, chtoby vosstanovit' fajl, ili <ESC>, | | esli etogo ne nado delat' | | [Vosstanovlenie] | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ 3. Snachala nazhmite <F3>, chtoby vybrat' tip nositelya iz predlozhennogo spiska. Posle togo, kak nositel' vybran, poyavitsya okno dlya podtverzhdeniya gotovnosti nakopitelya: +-------------------------------------------------------+ | Please make sure the media is in the drive and | | the drive is on line. | | | | Press <Return> to format the disc or <ESC> to abandon | +-------------------------------------------------------+ (Pozhalujsta, ubedites', chto nositel' v diskovode i diskovod v sisteme. Nazhmite <Return>, chtoby otformatirovat' disk, ili <ESC>, esli etogo delat' ne nuzhno) 4. Zagruzite tom 1 rezervnogo komplekta v nakopitel' i nazh- mite <Return>. Kogda etot zapros budet udovletvoren, vy verne- tes' v menyu Restore File (Vosstanovlenie fajla). Teper' vvedite imya fajla, zatem nazhmite <Return>, chtoby perejti v pole Directory (Katalog), i vvedite imya kataloga, v kotoryj vy hotite vosstanovit' fajl(y). . - 6-23 - Zamechanie Dva vazhnyh momenta: * Zadavaya imya puti, opustite pervuyu naklonnuyu chertu (/). Naprimer, esli vy vosstanavlivaete fajl /bin/foo, vvedite bin/foo * Esli vy zadaete imya puti ishodnogo mestopolozheniya, vos- stanovlennye fajly budut zapisany na etom meste poverh fajlov s temi zhe imenami. Vazhno ubedit'sya, chto fajly v rezervnoj kopii - imenno toj versii, kotoraya vam nuzhna. Esli vy v etom ne uvereny, vosstanovite fajly vo vremen- nyj katalog (naprimer, /tmp) i sravnite ih s tekushchimi fajlami na diske, ispol'zuya diff(C) ili cmp(C). 5. Na ekrane poyavlyaetsya aktual'naya komandnaya stroka, napri- mer, v sluchae cpio: cd /tmp; cpio -iudv -I/dev/frd096ds15 -C 512 6. Esli vy ispol'zuete tom cpio: V arhive idet poisk zadan- nyh fajlov, i posle togo, kak ocherednoj fajl vosstanovlen v uka- zannoe mesto na zhestkom diske, na ekrane poyavlyaetsya ego imya. V sluchae neobhodimosti postupayut priglasheniya smenit' tom. Esli vy znaete vse fajly, kotorye vy hotite vosstanovit', vy mozhete vyj- ti iz sredy vosstanovleniya, nazhav klavishu <DEL>. (Programma bu- det prodolzhat' poisk do konca rezervnoj kopii.) 7. Esli vy ispol'zuete tom xbackup: Zagruzite tom 1 rezerv- nogo komplekta v nakopitel' i nazhmite <Return>. Programma vydast nomera indeksnyh deskriptorov fajlov, kotorye vy zadali, i prig- lasit vvesti nomer toma: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | file(s): inode nn (Fajl(y): deskriptor...) | | | | Mount desired dump volume: Specify volume #: | | (Smontirujte nuzhnyj tom dampa. Zadajte nomer toma:) | | | - 6-24 - Vvedite "1" i nazhmite <Return>. Programma prosmatrivaet tom v poiskah zadannyh fajlov i pomeshchaet kopii v zadannye mesta na zhestkom diske. Programma vydaet priglasheniya na nomer toma do teh por, poka ne budut najdeny vse fajly. Posle etogo vy uvidite +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Extract file filename    (Izvlech' fajl ...) | | | Prodolzhajte podstavlyat' toma po poryadku, poka ne zagruzite pervyj tom i ne vernetes' v glavnoe menyu. . - 6-25 - VOSSTANOVLENIE VSEJ FAJLOVOJ SISTEMY S TOMOV CPIO Vosstanovlenie vsej fajlovoj sistemy s rezervnoj kopii cpio vypolnit' legche, chem s kopii xbackup. Net neobhodimosti perede- lyvat' fajlovuyu sistemu, tak kak kopiya cpio yavlyaetsya ne "obra- zom" fajlovoj sistemy, a sovokupnost'yu skopirovannyh fajlov. Krome togo, cpio mozhno ispol'zovat' dlya vosstanovleniya kornevoj fajlovoj sistemy. Ona tozhe zapisyvaet poverh fajlov, imeyushchih versii v rezervnoj kopii, no fajly, otsutstvuyushchie v rezervnoj kopii, ostanutsya netronutymi. Dlya vosstanovleniya fajlovoj sistemy s rezervnoj kopii cpio vypolnite sleduyushchee. 1. Vstav'te pervyj tom i vyberite v sysadmsh: Backups->Restore->Full Na ekrane poyavitsya sleduyushchee: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Full | | Press <F3> to choose from a list of filesystems | | | | /tmp/sysadm 03/15/89 08:20 | | | |+-------------------- Restore Filesystems -------------------+| || || || Filesystem to Restore : [ ] || || Media : [ ] || || Block size in Bytes : [512 ] || || || || Press <Return> to restore the filesystem or <ESC> to || || abandon || || || || [Restore] || || || |+------------------------------------------------------------+| | | | Polnoe | | Nazhmite <F3> dlya vybora fajlovoj sistemy iz spiska | | Vosstanovlenie fajlovoj sistemy | | Vosstanavlivaemaya fajlovaya sistema: [ ] | | Nositel': [ ] | | Razmer bloka v bajtah: [512 ] | | Nazhmite <Return>, chtoby vosstanovit' fajlovuyu sistemu, | | ili <ESC>, esli etogo ne nado delat' | | [Vosstanovlenie] | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ . - 6-26 - 2. Vvedite imya fajlovoj sistemy ili nazhmite <F3>, chtoby vybrat' ee iz predlozhennogo spiska. To zhe sdelat' dlya ustrojstva s nositelem. Vam budet predlozheno podtverdit' vybor. 3. Teper' na ekrane poyavlyaetsya aktual'naya komandnaya stroka, naprimer, v sluchae vosstanovleniya fajlovoj sistemy /u cherez cpio: cd /u; cpio -iudv -I/dev/frd096ds15 -C 512 4. Pri vosstanovlenii ocherednogo fajla ego imya vyvoditsya na ekran. Esli rezervnaya kopiya sostoit iz neskol'kih tomov, vy bu- dete poluchat' priglasheniya vstavit' ocherednoj tom: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | Reached end of medium on input | Change to part n and press <RETURN> key. [q] | | (Dostignut konec nositelya na vvode. | Zamenite na chast' n i nazhmite <Return>. [q]) | Posle zaversheniya processa vosstanovleniya budet vydano chislo vosstanovlennyh blokov. . - 6-27 - VOSSTANOVLENIE VSEJ FAJLOVOJ SISTEMY S TOMOV XBACKUP Vosstanovlenie vsej fajlovoj sistemy - eto krajnyaya mera, kotoraya ispol'zuetsya, kogda zaportilas' ili perestala chitat'sya nekornevaya fajlovaya sistema. |toj vozmozhnost'yu sleduet pol'zo- vat'sya ostorozhno: vsya tekushchaya informaciya v fajlovoj sisteme naz- nacheniya budet perekryta. Kornevuyu fajlovuyu sistemu takim sposo- bom vosstanovit' nel'zya. Esli kornevaya fajlovaya sistema byla zaporchena i ne yavlyaetsya samozagruzhaemoj, ee mozhno vosstanovit' po pravilam, izlozhennym v razdele "Vosstanovlenie zaporchennoj fajlovoj sistemy" v glave "Reshenie sistemnyh problem" dokumenta "Rukovodstvo administratora sistemy" (System Administrator's Guide); pri etom ispol'zuetsya disketa avarijnoj zagruzki, soz- davaemaya pri ustanovke sistemy. Esli ona ne sozdana, vam pridet- sya vypolnit' povtornuyu ustanovku operacionnoj sistemy, kak opi- sano v glave "Povtornaya ustanovka i obnovlenie sistemy" dokumen- ta "Rukovodstvo po ustanovke" (Installation Guide). CHtoby vosstanovit' vsyu nekornevuyu fajlovuyu sistemu s tomov xbackup, snachala nuzhno "peredelat'" fajlovuyu sistemu s pomoshch'yu divvy. V rezul'tate vy nachnete rabotat' s chistoj fajlovoj siste- moj, zapuskaya opciyu "Vosstanovlenie celoj fajlovoj sistemy". Procedura vosstanovleniya fajlovoj sistemy sostoit iz sledu- yushchih shagov. 1. Zaregistrirujtes' v sisteme kak super-pol'zovatel' (root) i vvedite odnu iz sleduyushchih komand: esli vy vosstanavlivaete fajlovuyu sistemu na pervichnyj disk (/dev/hd00) - divvy -b 1 -c 1 esli vy vosstanavlivaete fajlovuyu sistemu na vtorichnyj disk (/dev/hd10) - divvy -b 1 -c 1 -p 1 . - 6-28 - 2. Vy uvidite tablicu primerno sleduyushchego vida, a takzhe glavnoe menyu divvy: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | +--------+-----------+--------+---+-------------+------------+ | | Name | Type | New FS | # | First Block | Last Block | | +--------+-----------+--------+---+-------------+------------+ | | root | XENIX | no | 0 | 0 | 47402 | | | swap | NON FS | no | 1 | 47403 | 50368 | | | u | XENIX | no | 2 | 50369 | 70368 | | | | NOT USED | no | 3 | - | - | | | | NOT USED | no | 4 | - | - | | | | NOT USED | no | 5 | - | - | | | recover| NON FS | no | 6 | 70369 | 70378 | | | hd0a | WHOLE DISK| no | 7 | 0 | 70676 | | +--------+-----------+--------+---+-------------+------------+ | Imya Tip Novaya f.s. N Pervyj blok Posled.blok | | 70379 blocks for divisions, 298 blocks reserved for the system | (70379 blokov dlya razdelov, 298 zarezervirovano v sisteme) | | n[ame] Name or rename a division. | (Prisvoit' imya ili pereimenovat' razdel) | c[reate] Create a new file system on this division. | (Sozdat' novuyu fajlovuyu sistemu v etom razdele) | t[ype] Select or change filesystem type on new filesystem. | (Vybrat' ili izmenit' tip novoj fajlovoj sistemy) | p[revent] Prevent a new file system from being created on... | (Predotvratit' sozdanie novoj fajlovoj sistemy v) | s[tart] Start a division on a different block. | (Nachat' razdel s drugogo bloka) | e[nd] End a division on a different block. | (Konchit' razdel drugim blokom) | r[estore] Restore the original division table. | (Vosstanovit' ishodnuyu tablicu razdelov) | 3. Vvedite "c", chtoby vnov' sozdat' fajlovuyu sistemu. Vy poluchite priglashenie vvesti nomer razdela (sm. kolonku 3): +--------------------------------------------------------------- | which division? (0 through 6) -- | (Kakoj razdel? (ot 0 do 6) Vvedite nomer, sootvetstvuyushchij sozdavaemoj fajlovoj sisteme. Zamechanie Sleduet krajne ostorozhno vybirat' sozdavaemuyu fajlovuyu sis- temu. Vprochem, posle vyhoda iz divvy vy mozhete ispravit' vse oshibki, ispol'zuya vybor e[xit] (sm. nizhe). . - 6-29 - 4. Vnov' poyavlyaetsya menyu divvy, tol'ko v kolonke "New File System?" (Novaya fajlovaya sistema?) stoit "yes" (da). 5. Esli vy vossozdaete fajlovuyu sistemu XENIX, ee tip usta- navlivaetsya v znachenie AFS (po umolchaniyu). CHtoby izmenit' tip fajlovoj sistemy, vvedite "t". Vy poluchite priglashenie na vvod nomera razdela. Prover'te pravil'nost' vashego nomera. CHtoby vyj- ti, vvedite "q". 6. Teper' vam daetsya poslednyaya vozmozhnost' otmenit' sdelan- nye vami izmeneniya, prezhde chem vyjti iz divvy: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | i[nstall] Install the division set-up shown | (Ustanovit' sozdannye razdely) | r[eturn] Return to the previous menu | (Vozvrat v predydushchee menyu) | e[xit] Exit without installing a division table | (Vyhod bez ustanovki tablicy razdelov) | | Please enter your choice: | (Vvedite vybrannuyu opciyu) | Esli vy sdelali oshibku, vvedite "e", v protivnom sluchae - "i", chtoby zafiksirovat' sdelannye izmeneniya. Teper' mozhno sov- sem vyjti iz divvy. Kogda vy vyjdete, sistema perestroitsya. Poya- vitsya soobshchenie: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | Making Filesystems (Sozdanie fajlovyh sistem) | 7. Vojdite v sysadmsh i vyberite Backups->Restore->Full Zamechanie Pri vosstanovlenii rezervnoj kopii urovnya 0 zapis' budet idti poverh vashej fajlovoj sistemy. Dazhe esli fajlovaya sistema byla povrezhdena, v nej mozhet os- tat'sya cennaya informaciya. Pered vosstanovleniem na povrezhdennuyu fajlovuyu sistemu vazhno ubedit'sya, chto ne povrezhdena rezervnaya kopiya, s kotoroj proizvoditsya vosstanovlenie. . - 6-30 - 8. Na ekrane poyavitsya: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Full | | Press <F3> to choose from a list of filesystems | | | | /tmp/sysadm 03/15/89 08:20 | | | |+-------------------- Restore Filesystems -------------------+| || || || Filesystem to Restore : [ ] || || Media : [ ] || || Block size in Bytes : [512 ] || || || || Press <Return> to restore the filesystem or <ESC> to || || abandon || || || || [Restore] || || || |+------------------------------------------------------------+| | | | Polnoe | | Nazhmite <F3> dlya vybora fajlovoj sistemy iz spiska | | Vosstanovlenie fajlovoj sistemy | | Vosstanavlivaemaya fajlovaya sistema: [ ] | | Nositel': [ ] | | Razmer bloka v bajtah: [512 ] | | Nazhmite <Return>, chtoby vosstanovit' fajlovuyu sistemu, | | ili <ESC>, esli etogo ne nado delat' | | [Vosstanovlenie] | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ 9. Vvedite imya fajlovoj sistemy ili nazhmite <F3>, chtoby vybrat' ee iz predlozhennogo spiska. To zhe sdelat' dlya ustrojstva s nositelem. Vam budet predlozheno podtverdit' vybor. 10. Teper' na ekrane poyavlyaetsya aktual'naya komandnaya stro- ka, naprimer: xrestore fr /dev/frd096ds15 -C 512 /dev/u; /etc/fsck /dev/u 11. Nachnite s poslednej polnoj kopii (urovnya 0), zagruzhaya po poryadku toma soglasno priglasheniyam. 12. Vam daetsya eshche odin shans ostanovit'sya: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | Last chance before scribbling on /dev/name. | Esli vy namereny prodolzhat', nazhmite <Return>; v protivnom sluchae nazhmite <DEL>. . - 6-31 - 13. Process vosstanovleniya mozhet zanyat' nekotoroe vremya. Kogda eta faza operacii zavershitsya, na ekrane poyavitsya: +--------------------------------------------------------------- | End of backup | The restore phase of /name has been successful. | The filesystem will be checked to ensure integrity. | | (Konec rezervnoj kopii. Faza vosstanovleniya /name | vypolnilas' uspeshno. Fajlovaya sistema budet proverena | na celostnost') | Zatem sysadmsh vypolnyaet proverku fajlovoj sistemy s po- moshch'yu fsck(ADM). Na ekran vyjdet neskol'ko soobshchenij vida +--------------------------------------------------------------- | ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes | (Faza 1 - Proverka blokov i razmerov) | ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames (Proverka imen putej) | ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity (Proverka svyaznosti) | ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts | (Proverka schetchikov obrashchenij) | ** Phase 5 - Check Free List (Proverka svobodnogo spiska) | ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** | (Fajlovaya sistema byla modificirovana) | 14. Kogda proverka fajlovoj sistemy zavershitsya, ona snova montiruetsya. 15. Teper', posle zaversheniya vosstanovleniya s tomov urovnya 0, vy vozvrashchaetes' v menyu soprovozhdeniya fajlovyh sistem. Povto- ryajte punkty 6-12 do teh por, poka ne vypolnitsya vosstanovlenie rezervnyh kopij vysshih urovnej (1, 8 i 9), kotorye byli sdelany v period mezhdu poslednim dublirovaniem urovnya 0 i momentom pov- rezhdeniya fajlovoj sistemy. Vosstanavlivajte ih v tom poryadke, v kotorom oni byli sdelany (t.e. v ubyvayushchem poryadke), chtoby ne perekryt' bolee pozd