rabotu Philip Styles, Borough of Stratford-upon-Avon v knige "The Victoria History of the County of Warwick (1904-69), iii. 221-82. V rabote A. L. Rowse, William Shakespeare (1963) voskreshayutsya detali uorikshirskogo okruzheniya. 2. William Harrison, The Description of England, v Raphael Holinshed, The First and Second Volumes of Chronicles (1587), i. 202. S. John Leiand, Itinerary, ed. Lucy Toulmin Smith (1907-10), ii. 48. 4. V procitirovannoj fraze soderzhitsya pervoe upominanie o kirpichnyh domah v Stratforde; kirpich ispol'zovalsya lish' dlya kladki trub dymohoda i stal rasprostranennym materialom lish' posle Restavracii (Victoria History, iii. 223). 5. Podrobnoe opisanie cerkvi sv. Troicy (kotoroe pokazalos' mne naibolee cennym) izlozheno v rabote: Harvey Bloom, Shakespeare's Church, otherwise the Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity of Stratford-upon-Avon (1902); opisanie tehnicheskih detalej sm. takzhe v: Victoria History, iii. 269-76. 6. "A Short History of Stratford-on-Avon, Written in Ballad Form by an Old Warwickshire Boy" (Privately Printed, 1926), verse 12. |ta anonimnaya ballada napisana A. K. Hendzom. 7. Uil'yam Holl soobshchaet ob etom v pis'me (1694) k |dvardu Tuejtsu (Bodleian Library, MS. Rawlinson D. 377, f. 90; S S, item 205, p. 251). 8. Sm. gl. Z "Potomki Dzhona SHekspira". 9. "The registers of Stratford-on-Avon, in the County of Warwick", ed. Richard Savage (Parish Register Society, 1897-1905), i, pref., pp. vi-vii; ME, 51. 10. "Registrum Annalium Collegii Mertonensis 1483-152', ed. H. E. Salter (Oxford Historical Society Publications, Ixxvi; Oxford, 1923), pp. xxxiv, 98; Robert Berli upominal etu publikaciyu v pis'me v "Tajmc" ot 3 maya 1976 g. 2. SEMEJSTVO SHEKSPIROV: IZ SNITERFILDA V STRATFORD 1. Bolee podrobnoe opisanie Sniterfilda sm. v rabote: L. F. Saltzmann, 'Snitterfield', The Victoria History of the County of Warwick (1904-69), iii. 167-172. ME (7-12) kratko ischerpyvaet vse, chto nam izvestno o Richarde i ego synov'yah. 2. |tot dokument iz arhiva grazhdanskih aktov (E 202/327,2 Eliz), prezhde neizvestnyj uchenym, byl najden pokojnym Tendzhi Linom. 3. Henry Swinburne, A Briefe Treatise of Testaments and Last Willes (1590), f. 220; procitirovan v: J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps, Outlines of the Life of Shakespeare (7th ed., 1887), ii. 245. 4. Sm.: Charles Isaac Eiton, William Shakespeare: His Family and Friends (1904), pp. 349-350. 5. F. P. Wilson, The Plague in Shakespeare's London (Oxford, 1927), p. 26. 6. Edgar I. Fripp, Shakespeare: Man and Artist (1938), i. 73. 7. Sm.: G. R. French, Shakespeareana Genealogica (1869), pp. 416-524; E K S, ii. 28-32; i M E, 12-15. Poslednij takzhe soderzhit avtoritetnye svedeniya po voprosam, svyazannym s rodom Ardenov iz Uilmkota (15-23). 8. Bolee podrobnoe tehnicheskoe opisanie doma sm. v rabote: Philip Styles, Aston Cantlow, Victoria History, iii. 32-33. 3. POTOMKI DZHONA SHEKSPIRA 1. Zaveshchanie i opis' imushchestva Bretchgerdla byli rasshifrovany Richardom Sevidzhem i opublikovany v trude: Edgar I. Fripp, Shakespeare Studies, Biographical and Literary (1930), pp. 23-31. O Dajose i Bretchgerdle sm. "Minutes and Accounts of the Corporation of Stratford-upon-Avon", ed. Richard Savage and Edgar I. Fripp; Publications of the Dugdale Society (Oxford and London, 1921-30), i, pp. xlvii-xlviii, 101-2; ii, 110; Fripp, Shakespeare: Man and Artist (1938), i. 37-8, 41-2. 2. Sidney Lee, A Life of William Shakespeare (4th ed. of revised version, 1925), p. 8. 3. V voprose ob opredelenii daty rozhdeniya ya pol'zovalsya glavnym obrazom EKS (ii. 1-2), gde rezyumirovany i proanalizirovany predshestvuyushchie issledovaniya, no, krome etogo, ya spravlyalsya s rabotoj: Fripp, Shakespeare: Man and Artist, i. 38; i Charles Isaac Eiton, William Shakespeare: His Family and Friends (1904), p. 22-25, eshche dostatochno poleznoj, chtoby ignorirovat' ee. 4. Fripp, Shakespeare, i. 40. 5. William Shakespeare, Plays and Poems, ed. Edmond Malone (1790), vol. i, pt. 1, p. 124n. Polet fantazii Melona pokazalsya chrezmernym odnomu iz sovremennyh chitatelej, prepodobnomu Dzhonu Hornu Tuku; v svoem ekzemplyare knigi on nebrezhno napisal ryadom s etim otryvkom: "Uvy, ezhednevno, gospodin Melon!", a zatem vyrazil svoyu nepriyazn' odnim sil'nym vyrazheniem: "Nu i nu!" (Folger Shakespeare Library, PR 2752. 1790s. Sh. Col., copy 4). 6. Dzh. O. Holiuel-Filipps ("Outlines of the Life of Shakespeare" (7th ed., 1887), ii. 298) obnaruzhil eto sudebnoe delo v arhive. Ne obnaruzhiv imeni Gilberta SHekspira v prihodskoj knige Sv. Brigitty i v sbornikah otchetov Dostopochtennoj gil'dii galajterejshchikov (v kotoryh, odnako, soobshchalos' imya nekoego Gilberta SHeparda (Shepheard), podtverdivshego svoi prava v 1579 g.) i ne buduchi gotovoj k tomu, chtoby "odolet' ot nachala do konca vse eti 6 tomov, soderzhashchih sostavlennye melkim pocherkom kratkie otchety na latyni o sudebnyh delah, obrazuyushchie Coram Rege Roll za 1597 g.", SH. K. Stoups prishla k zaklyucheniyu, chto Holiuel-Filipps, dolzhno byt', oshibalsya. (Shakespeare's Environment (1914), pp. 64-65). No neprava byla ona, a on byl prav. 7. ME, 108. 8. Sm. nizhe. 9. V rabote Stopes, Shakespeare's Environment, pp. 333-334, privodyatsya neskol'ko takih zapisej. 10. Istoriya domov na Henli-strit avtoritetno rasskazana v rabote: Levi Fox, The Heritage of Shakespeare's Birthplace, Shakespeare Survey 1 (Cambridge, 1948), pp. 79-88. 11. E. R. S. Brinkworth, Shakespeare and the Bawdy Court of Stratford (1972), pp. 110, 141. Mark |kklz v svoem otzyve na etu rabotu Brinkvorta delaet predpolozhenie o sushchestve prostupka (Mark Eccles, Modern Language Review, lix (1974), 373). 12. G. E. Ventleu, Shakespeare: A Biographical Handbook (New Haven, 1961), p. 81. 13. "The Great Frost; cold doings in London" (1608); citiruetsya Frippom (Edgar J. Fripp, Shakespeare, ii. 687), kotoryj vyskazyvaet predpolozhenie o roli SHekspira v organizacii pohoron. 4. VZLET I PADENIE 1. Edgar J, Fripp, Shakespeare: Man and Artist (1938), i. 36. Fripp ne dokumentiruet etu peredachu. ME (p. 8) prosto ukazyvaet na to, chto "Dzhon SHekspir, vozmozhno, prodal svoj kopigol'd, poskol'ku ego imya ne poyavlyaetsya v protokolah manorial'nogo suda za 1574 i posleduyushchie gody". 2. Semyuel' Tannenbaum napechatal polnyj tekst etogo dokumenta v "A Neglected Shakspere Document", Shakespeare Association Bulletin, vi (1931), 111-2. ME (32) oshibochno ukazal v kachestve daty 19 iyulya 1586 vmesto 1587. 3. |tot dokument, nahodyashchijsya sredi sakvil'skih bumag, pomeshchennyh v arhive grafstva Kent, byl opublikovan v: Hugh A. Nanleu, Shakespeare's Family in Stratford Records, The Times Literary Supplement (21 May 1964), 441. 4. Sir Richard Phillips, v The Monthly Magazine; or British Register, xlv (1818), 2; EKC, ii. 299. 5. Leslie Hotson, Three Shakespeares, Shakespeare's Sonnets Dated and Other Essays (1949), p. 231. Hotson obnaruzhil eto sudebnoe delo. 6. Dve iz chetyreh popytok Higforda byli ranee otmecheny |dgarom Frippom (sm. "Shakespeare: Man and Artist" (1938), i. 71n). Dve drugie byli opisany v bumagah Tendzhi Lina, ssylavshegosya na Public Record Office, CP 40 1352, Hilary 20 Eliz., and CP 40 1356, Easter 20 Eliz. 7. "Minutes and Accounts of the Corporation of Stratford-upon-Avon" ed. Richard Savage and Edgar I. Fripp; Publications of the Dugdale Society (Oxford and London, 1921-30), i, pp. xxi-xxii, xxxiv-xxxv; sm. takzhe SHekspir Uil'yam. Poln. sobr. soch., t. 2, s. 191 8. Fripp, Shakespeare, i. 34; The Victoria History of the County of Warwick (1904-69), iii. 254. 9. Fripp, Shakespeare, i. 43. Podrobnostyami zhizni gorodskoj korporacii i mestnyh obychaev ya obyazan glavnym obrazom Frippu. 10. Trest po opeke nad domom-muzeem U. SHekspira hranit obrazec takoj rasporki perchatochnika v muzejnom sobranii v dome Meri Arden. 11. John Ferne, The Blazon of Gentrie (1586), the first part, The Glorie of Generositie, pp. 58-60; citiruetsya (chastichno) v EKC, ii. 25. 12. Sm. s. 293-296. 13. ME, 29-30. 14. Tam zhe, r. 31. 15. Lyubopytno, chto tri imeni, ispol'zovannye SHekspirom v "Genri V", - Flyuellen, Bardol'f i Kort - poyavlyayutsya v etom spiske - Flyuellen i Bardol'f sredi devyati, a Kort - v sleduyushchej gruppe. 16. ME, 34-4. Pomoshch' ME neocenima vo vsem, chto kasaetsya kar'ery Dzhona SHekspira. 17. Sbornik otchetov municipal'nogo soveta citiruetsya v Fripp, Master Richard Quyny (Oxford, 1924), p. 132. Duglas Hejmer obrashchal vnimanie na ekonomicheskie usloviya v svoem otzyve na moyu knigu "Shakespeare's Lives" (Oxford, 1970) v: Review of English Studies, n. s., xxxii (1971), 483-4. 18. Lewis Vaulu, The Practise of Pietie (1613 ed.), p. 551; citirovano (v izd. 1699) v rabote: Fripp, Quyny, p. 101. K 1842 g. etot pouchitel'nyj traktat vyderzhal sem'desyat pyat' izdanij. O dvuh stratfordskih pozharah sm. takzhe Fripp, Shakespeare, i. 402-403, 419. 5. DUHOVNOE ZAVESHCHANIE DZHONA SHEKSPIRA 1. ME, 36-37. 2. Pis'mo, datirovannoe 14 iyunya 1784 g., citiruetsya v rabote: J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps, Outlines of the Life of Shakespeare (7th ed., 1887), u. 399. 3. William Shakespeare, Plays and Poems, ed. Edmond Malone (1790), vol. i, pt. 2, pp. 161-162. 4. Tam zhe, pp. 162-166. YA moderniziroval napisanie etih statej i sleduyushchih. 5. Malone, An Inquiry into the Authenticity of Certain Miscellaneous Papers and Legal Instruments (1796), pp. 198-9. 6. Voprosy postavil Dzhejms Dzh. Makmeneuej v rabote "John Shakespeare's "Spiritual Testament", Shakespeare Quarterly, xviii (1967), 197-205; perepechatano v knige: McManaway, Studies in Shakespeare, Bibliography, and Theater, ed. Richard Hosley, Arthur C. Kirsch, and John W. Velz (New York, 1969), pp. 293-304. 7. Sidney Lee, A Life of William Shakespeare (4th ed. of revised version, 1925), p. 647. 8. "Testamento o Ultima Voluntad del Alma hecho en Salud para assegurarse el christiano de las tentaciones del Demonic, en la hora de la muerte"; Herbert Thurston, A Controverted Shakespeare Document. The Dublin Review, elxxiii (1923), 165. YA privozhu perevod Terstona. 9. Procitirovano v: John Henry de Groot, The Shakespeares and 'The Old Faith' (New York, 1946), p. 88. 10. "The Contract and Testament of the Soule", pp. 45-50. |tot unikal'nyj ekzemplyar duhovnogo zaveshchaniya, nahodyashchijsya teper' v Folger Shakespeare Library (shelfmark: STC 5645.5), faksimil'no vosproizveden v knige SS, 44-5 (item 52). 11. |to vyskazyvanie sekretarya gorodskoj korporacii Tomasa Uilksa privoditsya v: Peter Milward, Shakespeare's Religious Background (Bloomington and London, 1973), p. 21. 12. "Minutes and Accounts of the Corporation of Stratford-upon-Avon", ed. Richard Savage and Edgar I. F r i p p; Publications of the Dugdale Society (Oxford and London, 1921-30), i. 138; ii, pp. xxv, 47, 49, 54. 6. VERA I ZNANIE 1. To, chto on byl kapellanom, - razumnoe predpolozhenie EKS, i 256. 2. "Articles of Grindal and Sandys", vyshedshie v 1571; ih citiruet prepodobnyj Ronal'd Bejn v glave "Religion" v "Shakespeare's England" (Oxford, 1916) i. 63. Bejn daet kratkij obzor etogo voprosa. 3. Po povodu etogo otryvka Bejn zamechaet: "|ti slova, vidimo, vyrazhayut nekotoruyu gordost' po povodu otkaza oblachat'sya v stihar' i vse zhe predpolagayut uvazhenie k religioznomu rveniyu teh, kto nosit chernuyu ryasu" (4 Religion, i. 56). 4. Richmond Noble, Shakespeare's Biblical Knowledge and Use of the Book of Common Prayer as Exemplified in the Plays of the First Folio (1935), pp. 14-15. 5. "Articles of Grindal and Sandys", ih citiruet Bejn v 'Religion, i. 63. 6. Noble, Shakespeare's Biblical Knowledge, p. 20. Svedeniyami ob ispol'zovanii SHekspirom biblii ya v osobennosti obyazan Noblu. 7. Tam zhe, pp. 69, 86-87. 8. E dgar J. Fripp, Shakespeare: Man and Artist (1938), i. 85-86. 9. Alfred Hart, Shakespeare and the Homilies (Melbourne, 1934), pp. 9-76; sm. v osobennosti r. 67. 10. A. L. Rowse, William Shakespeare: A Biography (1963), p. 43. 11. Tam zhe, r. 451. 12. Sm.: B. Roland Lewis, The Shakespeare Documents (Stanford, 1940), ii. 481-482; i nizhe, s. 377, |tu tochku zreniya ranee vyskazal Holiuel-Filipps v svoej rabote "Outlines of the Life of Shakespeare" (7th ed., 1887), i. 263-264. Razumeetsya, katoliki soznavali, chto zaveshchaniya budut utverzhdat'sya anglikanskimi vlastyami. 13. Sm. nizhe s. 362-363. 14. Sm. ves'ma cennoe prilozhenie, 'The Roman Catholic Censorship of Shakespeare: 1641-1651', kotoroe sdelal k svoej rabote Roland Mashet Fraj (Roland Mush at Frye, Shakespeare and Christian Doctrine) (Princeton, 1963), pp. 275-293, esp. 282-288. |ti iz®yatiya delalis' v ekzemplyare folio 1632, prednaznachennogo dlya uchashchihsya Anglijskogo kolledzha v Val'yadolide, Ispaniya. 15. Frank Mathew, An Image of Shakespeare (1922), p. 391; citiruetsya v: John Henry de Groot, The Shakespeares and 'The Old Faith' (New York, 1946), p. 170. YA v osnovnom obyazan de Grootu vsemi svedeniyami, kasayushchimisya, govorya ego slovami, "polozhitel'nyh ukazanij na uvazhitel'noe otnoshenie SHekspira k staroj vere", no ya takzhe pol'zovalsya bolee sovremennym issledovaniem: Peter Milward, Shakespeare's Religious Background (Bloomington and London, 1973), hotya pol'zovat'sya etoj pristrastnoj rabotoj sleduet ostorozhno. 16. Frye, Shakespeare and Christian Doctrine, pp. 262-263. 17. Milward, Shakespeare's Religious Background, pp. 24, 78. 18. Alexander Nowell, A Catechisme, or first Instruction and Learning of Christian Religion, transl. T. Norton (1570), sig. Bl. 19. O zhenskom obrazovanii sm. glavu, kasayushchuyusya etogo predmeta v: Carroll Samden, The Elizabethan Woman (Houston, 1952), pp. 37-58. 20. Ischerpyvayushchee opisanie sistemy obucheniya sm. v: T. W. Baldwin, William Shakspere's Petty School (Urbana, 111., 1943). 21. Nailuchshim obrazom izlozhennyj i naibolee dostovernyj rasskaz ob etih pedagogah sm. v: M. E., 54-8; sm. takzhe Fripp, Shakespeare, i. 89-92. 22. John Vrinsleu, Ludus Literarius: or, The Grammar Schoole (1612), p. 88; citiruetsya po izd. 1627 g.) v: Valdwin, William Shakspere's Small Latine and Lesse Greeke (Urbana, 111., i 1944), i. 567. 23. Fane MS., f. 177, napechatano v: E. M. Martin, Shakespeare in a Seventeenth Century Manuscript, English Review, Ii (1930), 484-9; sm. takzhe Fripp, Shakespeare, i. 401-402, and ME, 57. 24. John Glarke, An Essay upon the Education of Youth in Grammar-Schools (1720), pp. 86-87; citiruetsya v: Baldwin Shakspere's Small Latine, i. 594n. 25. "Colloquia Mensalia: or, Dr Martin Luther's Divine Discourses...", transl. Henry Bell (1652), p. 532; citiruetsya v: Valdwin Shakspere's Small Latine, i. 609.) 26. Brinsley, Ludus Literarius, p. 191; citiruetsya (po izd. 1627) v: Baldwin, Shakspere's Small Latine, i. 380. 27. Sm: Philip J. Finkelpearl, John Marston of the Middle Temple: An Elizabethan Dramatist in His Social Setting (Cambridge, Mass., 1969). 28. Baldwin, Shakspere's Small Latine, ii. 663. Bolduin dolzhen schitat'sya glavnym avtoritetom vo vseh voprosah, svyazannyh s obrazovaniem, kotoroe davala grammaticheskaya shkola v etot period. |tot predmet shiroko obsuzhdalsya. Iz bolee rannih traktovok glava "Schooling" v knige Joseph Quincy Adams, A Life of William Shakespeare (Boston and New York, 1923), pp. 48-60, hotya kniga v nastoyashchee vremya, kak i sledovalo ozhidat', neskol'ko ustarela, predstavlyaet poleznyj obshchij obzor i vklyuchaet v sebya mnogo podhodyashchih upominanij SHekspira ob obuchenii v shkole. Prevoshodnoe bolee pozdnee esse - M. N. Curtis, 'Education and Apprenticeship, Shakespeare Survey 17 (Cambridge, 1964), pp. 5372. On pomeshchaet sistemu shkol v opredelennyj kontekst: "Strojnaya, chetkaya sistema" shkol v tyudorovskoj Anglii predstavlyaet soboj dostizhenie, "proniknutoe i vdohnovlennoe duhom veka". 29. Bodleian Library, MS. Arch. F. c. 37 (ranee Aubrey MS. 6, f. 109); SS. item 57, p. 58. 30. ME, 62 v poryadke rabochej gipotezy predpolagaet, chto SHekspir zaveshchal Richardu Tejloru-starshemu 26 shillingov 8 pensov na pokupku pominal'nogo kol'ca, no vposledstvii zamenil ego uzhe imenem Gamneta Sedlera; sm. nizhe, s. 379. 7. RANNIE ZANYATIYA I RANNIJ BRAK 1. Nicholas Rowe, Some Account of the Life, &c" of Mr. William Shakespear in Shakespeare, Works, ed. Rowe (1709), i, pp. ii-iii. 2. Thomas Elyot, The Boke Named the Governour (1531 ed.), f. 60 (sig. H4). Citiruetsya v: Joseph Quincy Adams, A Life of William Shakespeare (Boston and New York, 1923), pp. 61-62. 3. Bodleian Library, MS. Arch. F. c. 37 (ranee Aubrey MS. 6, f. 109); SS, item 57, p. 58. 4. |tim soobrazheniem ya obyazan otzyvu Duglasa Hejmera (Douglas Hamer) na moyu rabotu "Shakespeare's Lives" (Oxford, 1970) v The Review of English Studies, n. s., xxxii (1971), 484. 5. Edgar I. Fripp, Shakespeare: Man and Artist (1938), i. 79-80. 6. Rabota Joseph William Gray, Shakespeare's Marriage (1905), ostaetsya naibolee polnoj i samoj avtoritetnoj traktovkoj etogo predmeta, hotya ya ravnym obrazom pol'zovalsya takzhe EKS (ii. 43-52) v posleduyushchem izlozhenii. ME (63-70) takzhe predstavlyaet cennost'. Po povodu etogo epizoda u biografa bylo dostatochno materiala. 7. Sidney Lee, A Life of William Shakespeare (4th ed. of revised version, 1925), p. 29. Li nashel vozmozhnym ostavit' etot otryvok (napechatannyj v izd. 1898) v etom poslednem prizhiznennom izdanii bez izmeneniya nesmotrya na to, chto dvadcat'yu godami ranee Grej oproverg zaklyuchenie Li v svoej rabote "Shakespeare's Marriage", pp. 48-57. 8. Bolee podrobnoe opisanie doma |nn Heteuej sm. v: The Victoria History of the County of Warwick (1904-69), iii. 235; menee special'nymi, no ne menee dostovernymi yavlyayutsya opisaniya Levi foksa v: Levi Fox, Pictorial Guide, Anne Hathaway's Cottage (1964), and The Shakespearian Properties (1964). 9. Dzh. O. Holiuel-Filipps govorit o "Mrs Ann Shakespeare", kotoraya "v togdashnej transkripcii" upominaetsya v zapisi o pogrebenii (Outlines of the Life of Shakespeare (7th ed., 1887), ii. 372). 10. Sm. ME, 63, gde soderzhatsya privedennye i inye primery. 11. Vusterskie pechati izucheny Greem v "Shakespeare's Marriage", pp. 33-35. 12. Anthony Burgess, Shakespeare (New York, 1970), pp. 57-60. Razumeetsya, imena oglashalis' odin raz, a ne dva. 13. Lee, Life of William Shakespeare, p. 31. 14. O Frite sm. ME (66), ch'i transkripcii ya citiruyu; Templ Grafton detal'no opisan Philip Styles, v Victoria History, iii. 94-100. 15. S. W. Fullom, History of William Shakespeare, Player and Poet: with New Facts and Traditions (1862), p. 202. 16. O prichudah Fultona sm.: S. Schoenbaum, Shakespeare's Lives (Oxford, 1970), pp. 479-482. 17. Gray, Shakespeare's Marriage, p. 236. 18. William Harrington, The Commendations oi Matrimony (n. d.), sig. A4V. 19. Ob |lis SHou i Uil'yame Holdere sm. svidetel'skie pokazaniya na ih processe v: Halliwell-Phillipps, Outlines, i. 64-5; Gray, Shakespeare's Marriage, pp. 190-192; ME, 66. 20. Andrew Gurr, Shakespeare's First Poem: Sonnet 145, Essays in Criticism, xxi (1971), 221-226. 21. Sm. F. W. Bateson's postscript to Gurr, p. 226. 22. O portrete Kolgejta sm.: George M. Friend, A Possible Portrait of Anne Hathaway, Philobiblon, No. 9 (Spring 1972), 44-51. Duglas Hejmer pisal pozdnee: "Risunok skopirovan s portreta, avtorom kotorogo pochti nesomnenno byl Klue (umer v 1572 g.), i kotoryj yavlyaetsya francuzskim, a ne tyudorovskim". |to interesnaya i dostatochno neyasno izlozhennaya gipoteza. YA pokazal risunok Doktoru Garol'du Joahimu, hranitelyu gravyur i risunkov v CHikagskom institute iskusstv; on ne schitaet, chto eto Klue ili vo vsyakom sluchae risunok francuzskogo proishozhdeniya. 23. ME, 70. 24. Citirovano ME, 51; 8. UTRACHENNYE GODY 1. William Shakespeare, Works, ed. Sir Thomas Hanmer (2nd ed., 1770), vi, Glossary, s. v. Wincote, EKC, ii. 288. 2. "Letter from the Place of Shakespear's Nativity", British Magazine, or Monthly Repository for Gentlemen and Ladies, iii (1762) 301. 3. John Jordan, iz "rukopisi, napisannoj okolo 1770 g.", napechatano v: J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps, Outlines of the Life of Shakespeare (7th ed., 1887), ii. 326. Rukopis' v nastoyashchee vremya nahoditsya v Folger Shakespeare Library (shelfmark: S. a. 118), no tekst ee ne polon. 4. Samuel Ireland, Picturesque Views on the Upper, or Warwickshire Avon... (1795), p. 233. 5. R. V. Wheler, Collectanea de Stratford, p. 202, in Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office; shelfmark: MS. ER 1/8. 6. Nicholas Rowe, Some Account of the Life, & c. of Mr. William Shakespear, v: Shakespeare, Works, ed. Rowe (1709), i, p.v. 7. Tam zhe, i, pp. xvii, xviii. 8. A. L. Rowse, The Elizabethan Renaissance: The Life of the Society (New York, 1971), p. 205, Rauz otmechaet strast' elizavetincev k brakon'erstvu i perechislyaet ryad duhovnyh lic i uchashchihsya Beliol-Kolledzha, kotorye predavalis' etomu zanyatiyu v svobodnoe vremya. 9. Shakespeare, Plays and Poems, ed. Edmond Malone (1790), vol. i, pt. 1, pp. 106-107n. Melon vnov' napechatal eti stihi v etom sobranii sochinenij s kommentariyami i variantami (Variorum), nedvusmyslenno ob®yaviv ih stihotvornoj poddelkoj "nekoj poetessy-pesennicy iz Stratforda" (ii. 144). Rukopis' "Istorii teatra", vidimo, ischezla. 10. Shakespeare, Works, ed. George Steevens (1778), i. The Merry Wives of Windsor, p. 223n. 11. "William Shakespeare", Biographia Britannica (1747-66), vol. vi, pt. 1, p. 3628. Perepechatano v EKC, ii, 287. Rukopisnaya podmetka na titul'nom liste ekzemplyara, hranyashchegosya v Bodlevskoj biblioteke (Oksford), otozhdestvlyaet "P" s Filipom Nnkol'som (Philip Nichols), kotoryj napisal ryad statej dlya Biographia Britannica. Streloj, o kotoroj govoritsya v otryvke, yavlyaetsya komediya "Vindzorskie nasmeshnicy". 12. Mary Elizabeth Lucy, Biography of the Lucy Family, of Charlecote Park, in the County of Warwick (1862), pp. 1213. 13. Henru James, English Hours (1905), p. 201. Glava "In Warwickshire" datirovana 1877 g. 14. ZHivoe opisanie doma i ego mestopolozheniya soderzhatsya v: Alice Fairfax-Lucy, Charlecote and the Lucys: The Chronicle of an English Family (1958), pp. 10-11, 68ff. V etoj uvlekatel'noj i informativnoj knige ya nashel mnogo faktov i podrobnostej dlya dannoj glavy. O Lyusi i ob epizode s brakon'erskoj ohotoj ochen' mnogo napisano. Iz samyh rannih avtoritetov naibolee polezen Melon (E. Malone, Shakespeare, Plays and Poems (1821), ii. 118-49); naibolee avtoritetnoe sovremennoe opisanie epizoda soderzhitsya po obyknoveniyu v EKC, ii. 18-21, kotoromu ya (i ne odin ya) mnogim obyazan. YA takzhe pol'zovalsya rabotoj: John S e mple Smart, Shakespeare: Truth and Tradition (1928), pp. 89-104. 15. William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-9), ii. 38; citiruetsya v: Edmond Malone, The Life of William Shakspeare (Shakespeare, Plays and Poems, ed. Malone (1821), ii. 147). 16. Samuel Ireland, Picturesque Views on the Upper, or Warwickshire Avon... (1795), p. 154. 17. The Journal of Sir Walter Scott, ed. W. E. K. Anderson (Oxford, 1972), p. 454. 18. Fairfax-Lucy, Charlecote and the Lucys, p. 9. 19. 1584 g. daetsya v kachestve daty v ME, 76; 1583 - v FairfaxLucy, Charlecote and the Lucys, p. 85. Vozmozhno, prichinoj rashozhdeniya v datirovke yavlyaetsya nesootvetstvie starogo i novogo stilej. 20. Procitirovano v: Fairfax-Lucy, Charlecote and the Lucys, p. 13. YA perepisal epitafiyu neposredstvenno s mogil'noj plity. 21. Otnositel'no drugih gerbov, na kotoryh izobrazhalis' shchuki, sm. Leslie Hotson, Shakespeare versus Shallow (1931), P. 92. 22. Fairfax-Lucy, Charlecote and the Lucys, pp. 129-130. 23. Tam zhe, r. 5. 24. Folger Shakespeare Library, MS. V. a. 74; SS, item 218, p. 262. 25. 'An Attempt to Ascertain the Order in which the Plays of Shakspeare Were Written', v: Shakespeare, Plays and Poems, ed. Edmond Malone (1790), vol. i, pt. 1, p. 307; sm. takzhe p. 104n. 26. John Campbell, Shakespeare's Legal Acquirements Considered (1859), p. 23. 27. William J. Thorns, Was Shakespeare Ever a Soldier?, Three Notelets on Shakespeare (1865), p. 136. Zapis' v rouingtonskom spiske snachala zametil Robert Lemon iz Gosudarstvennogo arhiva (State Paper Office) i peredal Dzh. Pejnu Kollieru, kotoryj obsuzhdaet eti svedeniya, ne prihodya k kakomu-libo polozhitel'nomu zaklyucheniyu vo vtorom izdanii 'The Life of William Shakespeare', opublikovannom v 1858 g. v "Shakespeare" (i. 181). 28. Bodleian Library, MS. Arch. F. c. 37 (ranee Aubrey MS. 6, f. 109); SS, item 57, p. 58. 29. Soglasno obosnovannomu suzhdeniyu Dzh. |. Bentli; sm. ego rasskaz o Bistone v G. E. Bentley, The Jacobean and Caroline Stage Oxford, 1941-68), ii. 363-70. 30. Kak predpolagaet EKC. 31. Thomas Fuller, The Holy State and Profane State (Cambridge, 1642), p. 109; citirovano v: Joseph Quincy Adams, A Life of William Shakespeare (Boston and New York, 1923), p. 93. 32. "Autobiography", citiruetsya v ME, 73-4. "Autobiography" perepechatana v: A. L. Rowse, Simon Forman (1974), pp. 267-278. 33. ME, 83; on sootvetstvuyushchim obrazom ssylaetsya na "Dvuh veroncev". 34. Ob Uil'yame SHekshafte sm.: Oliver Baker, In Shakespeare's Warwickshire and the Unknown Years (1937), pp. 297-319; E. K. Chambers, William Shakeshafte, Shakespearean Gleanings (1944), pp. 52-56 (esse, datirovannoe 1943 g., bylo vpervye opublikovano v etom sobranii); Leslie Hotson, John Jackson and Thomas Savage, Shakespeare's Sonnets Dated and Other Essays (1949), pp. 125-140 (vpervye opublikovano v etom sbornike); R obert Stevenson, William Shakespeare and William Shakeshafte, Shakespeare's Religious Frontier (The Hague, 1958), pp. 67-83; Douglas Hamer, Was William Shakespeare William Shakeshafte?, The Review of English Studies, n. s., xxi (1970), 41-48; Peter Milward, Shakespeare's Religious Background (Bloomington and London, 1973), pp. 40-42. O Richarde SHekshafte - SHekstafe sm. takzhe: John Pym Yeatman, The Gentle Shakspere: A Vindication (Birmingham, 1911), p. 172; S. S. Stopes, Shakespeare's Environment (1914), p. 16; EKC, ii. 27; ME, 7-8. Citata iz Miluorda - na r. 42 35. [Robert Laneham], A Letter: Whearin, part of the entertainment untoo the Queenz Majesty, At Killingwoorth Casti., in Warwik Sheer in this Soomerz Progress 1575. iz signified... (n. d.)H p. 43. I 36. EKC, i. 39-41. 37. Otkrytiem istorii ob ubijstve Nella my obyazany ME, 82-83, rasskazu kotorogo ya sledoval. 9. LONDON I LONDONSKIE TEATRY 1. Bodleian Library, MS. Arch. F. c. 37 (ranee Aubrey MS. 6-ya f. 109); SS, item 57, p. 58. 2. V etom marshrute ya sledoval v osnovnom za Genri Uitli. Sm.: Henry V. Wheatley, London and the Life of the Town, Shakespeare's England (Oxford, 1916), ii. 153, bdnako v rabote Charles Isaac Eiton, William Shakespeare: His Family and Friends (1904), pp. 179-193, ya nashel nekotorye detali. Dlya obshchej kartiny elizavetinskogo Londona mne pokazalis' naibolee podhodyashchimi dva bolee rannih opisaniya: T. Fairman Ordish, Shakespeare's London (2nd ed., 1904) i N. T. Stephenson, Shakespeare's London (New York, 1905); a takzhe, razumeetsya, kniga Stou (sm. prim. 9) byla dlya menya neocenimym posobiem, v to vremya kak v kratkom obozrenii Uitli ya nashel neskol'ko podrobnostej. 3. John Taulor, Taylor on Thame Isis: or the Description of the Two Famous Rivers of Thame and Isis... (1632), sig. Blv 4. "The Diary of Henry Machyn", ed. JohnGough Nichols (Camden Society, 1848), p. 196; citiruetsya v: A. L. Rowse, The Eng. land of Elizabeth (1950), pp. 213-214. Mne ochen' pomogla glava "London and the Towns" Rauza. 5. Michael Drauton, Polyolbion (1613), p. 259: 6. "Paul Hentzner's Travels in England, During the Reign of Queen Elizabeth", transl. Richard Bentley (1797), p. Z. Na titul'nom liste perevod oshibochno pripisan Horasu Uolpolu. 7. Frederick, Duke of Wurttemberg, A True and Faithful Narrative of the Bathing Excursion..., "England as Seen by Foreigners in the Days of Elizabeth and James the First", transl. and ed. William Brenchley Rye (1865), p. 9. Povestvovanie o puteshestviyah gercoga fakticheski napisano ego kompan'onom i lichnym sekretarem YAkobom Ratgebom. 8. "JLL erected" v shekspirovskom tekste oznachaet ne "ploho postroennyj", a "postroennyj s durnymi posledstviyami". |to zamechanie ya zaimstvoval u Rowse, The Tower of London in the History of the Nation (1972). 9. John Stow, A Survey of London reprinted from the text of 1603, ed. C. L. Kingsford (Oxford, 1908), i. 59; Wheatley, London, p. 157. 10. |tot znakomyj epizod vpechatlyayushche pereskazan v: Rowse, Tower of London, pp. 74-75. 11. G. V. Harrison, Shakespeare under Elizabeth (New York, 1933), pp. 310-311. 12. Leslie Hotson, Mr. W. H. (1964), pp. 244-255. 13. Sm. s. 226, 238, a takzhe S. Schoenbaum, Shakespeare's Lives (Oxford, 1970), pp. 456-458, 683-688, 739-740, et passim. 14. Stow, Survey, ii. 71. 15. Tam zhe, ii. 70. 16. Hentzner's Travels, p. 31. 17. Citiruetsya Kingsfordom (S. L. Kingsford) v Stow, Survey, ii. 368. 18. Otnositel'no uslovij, sposobstvovavshih rasprostraneniyu chumy, naibolee cennye svedeniya ya nashel v rabote: F. P. Wilson, The Plague in Shakespeare's London (Oxford, 1927). 19. Bolee polnoe i uvlekatel'noe opisanie flory togdashnego Londona soderzhitsya v gl. "Nature and London" v: Ordish, Shakespeare's London, pp. 83-134. 20. Stow, Survey, i. 93, ii. 236; E. K. Chambers, The Elizabethan Stage (Oxford, 1923), ii. 363. 21. Stow, Survey, ii. 73, 262; Chambers, Elizabethan Stage, ii. 363. 22. Thomas Heywood, An Apology for Actors (1612), sig. F3. 23. Hentzner's Travels, p. 29. 24. Tam zhe, pp. 29-30. 25. Citirovalos' v: England as Seen by Foreigners, p. 88; sm. takzhe Chambers, Elizabethan Stage, ii. 358. 26. Pokazaniya Katberta Berbedzha, Uinfreda Robinsona i Uil'yama Berbedzha, dannye imi po delu, razbiravshemusya 1 avgusta 1635; Public Record Office, LC/5/133, pp. 50-51 (SS, item 81, p. 104). Svedeniyami ob etih teatrah i drugih pervonachal'nyh pomeshcheniyah dlya predstavlenij ya obyazan glavnym obrazom CHembersu, hotya ya ne bez pol'zy obrashchalsya takzhe k bolee rannemu issledovaniyu: Joserh Quinsu Adams, Shakespearean Playhouses (Boston, 1917). V rabote Chambers (Elizabethan Stage, ii. 384-386) ya nashel topograficheskie podrobnosti - v dannom paragrafe i v inyh mestah. , I, 27. 'Robin Goodfellow', Tarltons Newes out of Purgatorie (1590), pp. 1-2, 52; citiruetsya v: Chambers, Elizabethan Stage, I ii. 386n. j 28. T[homas] W[hite], A Sermon preached at Pawles Crosse on Sunday the thirde of November 1577. in the time of the Plague (1578), p. 47; Chambers, Elizabethan Stage, iv. 197. 29. William Harrison, MS. 'Chronologie', citirovano v Chambers, Elizabethan Stage, iv. 269. 30. Ernest Schanzer, Thomas Platter's Observations on the Elizabethan Stage, Notes and Queries, cci (1956), 466. 31. Adams, Shakespearean Playhouses, pp. 119-122. 32. Sovremennaya rekonstrukciya nachal'noj istorii teatral'nogo pomeshcheniya N'yuington-Bats soderzhitsya B: William Ingram, The Playhouse at Newington Butts: A New Proposal, Shakespeare Quarterly, xxi (1970), 385-398. 33. Chambers, Elizabethan Stage, ii. 405; iv. 313. 34. S. W. Wallace, The First London Theatre, Materials for a History, v Nebraska University Studies, xiii (1913), 2. U Uollesa tak i ne doshli ruki opublikovat' istochnik etogo utverzhdeniya. 35. O prostitucii v etom rajone sm. David J. Johnson, Southwark and the City (1969), pp. 64-67. 36. O znachenii etogo termina sm.: Henslowe s Diary, ed. R. A. Foakes and R. T. Rickert (Cambridge, 1961), pp. xxx-xxxi. 37. Chambers, Elizabethan Stage, ii. 411. 38. Ob etom epizode sm. s. 259-261. 39. Frensis Jats predpolagaet takie vozmozhnosti v svoem voshititel'nom, hot' i neskol'ko zaputannom issledovanii; Frances A. Yates, Theatre of the World (1936), sm. v osobennosti pp. 125-126. 40. Adams, Shakespearean Playhouses, pp. 167-168. Polnyj tekst zametki de Vitta na latyni sm. v: "A Note on the Swan Thetre Drawing", Shakespeare Survey 1 (Cambridge 1948), pp. 23-4; a takzhe Chambers, Elizabethan Stage, ii. 361-2. Risunok so znaniem dela opisan v: Richard Hosley, The Playhouses and the Stage, A New Companion to Shakespeare Studies, ed. Kenneth Muir and S. Schoenbaum (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 23-24. Bolee rannij ves'ma cennyj podrobnyj analiz soderzhitsya (naryadu s drugimi interesnymi materialami) v: Chambers, Elizabethan Stage, ii. 524-47. 10. VORONA-VYSKOCHKA 1. Sm. s. 156, SS, item 218, p. 262. 2. Nicholas Rowe, Some Account of the Life, Mr. William Shakespear, v izdanii Shakespeare, ed. Rowe (1709), i, p. vi. 3. "The Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland, To the Time of Dean Swift..." By Mr Gibber (1753), vol. i, pp. 130-131. To, chto istochnikom svedenij yavlyaetsya Dzhonson, predpolozhil CHembers v EKS, ii. 285. 4. William Shakespeare, Plays, ed. Samuel Johnson (1765), i. p. c. 5. EKC, i. 60. 6. Shakespeare, Plays and Poems, ed. Edmond Malone (1821), ii. 164. 7. "Supplement to the Edition of Shakspeare's Plays Published in 1778 by Samuel Johnson and George Steevens", ed. Malone (1780), i. 67. Melon vstavil slova "mal'chikom na pobegushkah ili" pered "pomoshchnikom suflera" v svoem izdanii SHekspira 1790 g. ("Plays and Poems", vol. i, pt. 1, p. 107). 8. Shakespeare, Plays and Poems, ed. Malone (1821), ii. 166-7. 9. V etom voprose naibolee poleznym avtoritetom yavlyaetsya EKC 27-56. Podrobnyj i polnyj rasskaz sm. v rabote: G. M. Riciss, The Queen's Men, v 1583-1592, v Theatre Survey, xi (1970), 50-65. 10. Chambers, The Elizabethan Stage (Oxford, 1923), ii. 118-119. 11. British Library, MS. Harley 3885, f. 19. 12. Biografiya Grina izlozhena bolee polno Dzh. CHertonom Kollinzom v predislovii, napisannom im k svoemu izdaniyu Grina - "Plays and Poems" (Oxford, 1905), kotoraya, nesmotrya na svoi nedostatki, yavlyaetsya samym polnym rasskazom o zhizni Grina na anglijskom yazyke. Bolee sovremennym issledovaniem yavlyaetsya: Rene Pruvost, Robert Greene et ses romans (1558-1592) (Paris, 1938). 13. 'Guthbert Gunny-Catcher', The Defence of Conny Catching (1592), sig. C3r-v. 14. [Gabriel Harvey], Foure Letters, and certaine Sonnets (1592), p. 4 Harvi okazal nam neskol'ko nebol'shih uslug; iz dannogo pamfleta my zaklyuchaem, chto zhenu Grina zvali Doroteej, ibo sam Grin nazyval ee Doll v svoem predsmertnom pis'me, v tom vide kak ono napechatano v Foure Letters (p. 12). 15. Robert Greene, Groats-worth of witte, bought with a million of Repentance (1592), sig. Av3. 16. A. L. Rowse, Shakespeare the Man (1973), p. 60. 17. Greene, Groats-worth, sig. Flv. 18. Greene, Francescos Fortunes: Or the second part of Greenes Never too Late... (1590), sigs. B4V-C1. 19. Artur Frnman obratil vnimanie na dannyj otryvok iz Bretuejta v "Notes on the Text of "2 Henry VI", and the "Upstart Crow", Notes and Queries, coxiii (1968), 129-130. 20. J. Dover Wilson, Malone and the Upstart Crow, Shakespeare Survey 4 (Cambridge, 1951), p. 65. Mne mnogo dal cennyj i tshchatel'nyj analiz etogo otryvka, sdelannyj Uilsonom. 21. Thomas Nashe, Pierce Penilesse his Supplication to the Divell, v Works, ed. Ronald B. McKerrow (rev. F. P. Wilson; Oxford, 1958), i. 154. 22. Henry Chettle, Kind-Harts Dreame (1592?), sigs. A34-4. 23. Dover Wilson, The Essential Shakespeare: A Biographical Adventure (Cambridge, 1932), p. 62. 24. Sm.: William A. Ringler, Jr., Spenser, Shakespeare, Honor, and Worship, Renaissance News, xiv (1961), 159-161. 25. Warren B. Austin, A Computer-Aided Technique for Stylistic Discrimination. The Authorship of Greene's Groatsworth of Wit (U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1969). 26. V svoej rabote, izdannoj v 1844 g. (J. Payne Collier. "Life of William Shakespeare"), Dzh. Pejn Kollier pervym predpolozhil, chto "vozmozhno" CHetl napisal "Na grosh uma", a Dzh. O. Holiuel-Filipps razvil eto predpolozhenie v svoej knige J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps "Life of William Shakespeare" (1848), p. 143. V Folger Shakespeare Library imeetsya ekzemplyar knigi Kolliera (shelf mark: PR2894. H 28.1848) s zamechaniem na polyah, sdelannym K. M. Inglbi ryadom s etim otryvkom: "Absurdnoe predpolozhenie. Sochineniya Grina svidetel'stvuyut o ego talante, v to vremya kak CHetl byl bezdaren i edva vladel anglijskim yazykom". Ostin po krajnej mere pokazal, chto eto predpolozhenie ne nastol'ko absurdno, kak schital Inglbi. 27. Neskol'ko strogih kriticheskih suzhdenij ob etom issledovanii soderzhitsya v otzyvah na rabotu Ostina; sm.: R. L. Widmann, Shakespeare Quarterly, xxiii (1972), 214-5, i T. R. Waldo, Computers and the Humanities, vii (1972), 109-10. V The Shakespeare Newsletter (December 1974, pp. 47, 49) soobshchaetsya o dissertacii Barbary Krejfel'tc, zashchishchennoj v Kel'nskom universitete, v kotoroj ona podderzhivaet teoriyu Ostina. 28. Greenes Funeralls, ed. McKerrow (1911), p. 81. 29. Austin, 'A Supposed Contemporary Allusion te Shakespeare as a Plagiarist', Shakespeare Quarterly, vi (1955), 373-80. 30. John Semple Smart, Shakespeare: Truth and Tradition (1928), p. 196. 31. K takomu zaklyucheniyu prishel EKS, i. 58. 11. PXESY, CHUMA I POKROVITELX 1. Sm. vyshe s. 110. 2. Podrobnosti o kontrakte Brouma, zaklyuchennom v 1635 g. i peresmotrennom v 1638 g., izvestny iz dela Hiton protiv Brouma, razbiravshemsya v sude po hodatajstvam v 1640 g. Anni Haaker opublikovala rasshifrovku dokumentov po etomu delu v: Anne Haaker, The Plague, the Theater, and the Poet, Renaissance Drama, n. s., i (1968), 283-306. Sm. takzhe: G. E. Bentleu, The Profession of Dramatist in Shakespeare's Time 1590-1642 (Princeton. N. J., 1971), pp. 113-144, 264-268. V etoj rabote soderzhitsya polnoe i avtoritetnoe opisanie osobennostej professii dramaturga. 3. Thomas Nashe, Pierce Penilesse his Supplication to the Divell, in Nashe, Works, ed. Ronald B. McKerrow (rev. F. P. Wilson; Oxford, 1958), i. 212. 4. Marshelle Chute, Shakespeare of London (1951), p. 85. Ona odna iz sposobnejshih populyarnyh biografov SHekspira. Sm. S. Schoenbaum, Shakespeare's Lives (Oxford, 1970), pp. 757-759. 5. |to ubeditel'noe predpolozhenie sdelano v rabote: Peter Alexander, Shakespeare's Henry VI and Richard III (Cambridge, 1929), p. 8. 6. "Ben Jonson", ed. C. H. Herford and Percy and Evelyn Simpson (Oxford, 1925-1952), vi. 16. 7. Takoe zaklyuchenie sdelano Maksuellom v ego New Arden ed. of "Titus Andronicus", 1953, introd., p. xxvii. 8. Edward Ravenscroft, Address 'To the Reader', Titus Andronicus, or The Rape of Lavinia (1687), sig. A2; v EKS, ii. 254-5. 9. William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus, ed. J. Dover Wilson (The New Shakespeare; Cambridge, 1948), p. 99; sm. takzhe: Wilson, "Titus Andronicus" on the Stage in 1595, Shakespeare Survey 1 (Cambridge, 1948), pp. 17-22. 10. W. Moelwyn Merchant, Shakespeare and the Artist (1959), p. 13. B Shakespeare and his Players (1972), pp. 150-154, Martin Holmz podrobno obsuzhdaet dospehi, izobrazhennye na risunke, no ego utverzhdeniya ne soglasuyutsya s dannym svidetel'stvom, kogda on govorit, chto risunok "illyustriruet postanovku truppy Henslo". 11. Pollard predpolagaet, chto "SHekspir primykal k "slugam ee velichestva" v svoem vstuplenii k Alexander, Shakespeare's Henry VI and Richard III, pp. 13-21. Pozdnee eto utverzhdenie podrobno rassmotreno v: G. M. Pinciss, Shake