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Nachinat' nado s FreeBSD Handbook
Proekt po perevodu dokumentacii FreeBSD www.freebsd.org.ua



F1
boot: 0:ad(2f)



 Esli obychnyj ftpd, to

  propisat' emu shell '/bin/date' ili '/usr/bin/true' i vpisat' ego v
 '/etc/shells'
 - vpisat' ego v '/etc/ftpchroot'

  Dlya proftpd vpisat' v /usr/local/etc/proftpd.conf

DefaultRoot ~
# AllowStoreRestart    on
# AllowRetrieveRestart on
#     DirFakeUser         on ~
#     UseFtpUsers         off
#     MaxClientsPerHost   5



(v processe ustanovki vs£ prohodit gladko).

man sysinstall
man newfs



/etc/rc.*       - eto sistemnye, ih - ne trogat'!
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/*.sh        - vot syuda budut popadat' vashi.




      fsck_y_enable="YES"
      v /etc/rc.conf



tcp_wrapper vstroen v inetd

man inetd
man 5 hosts_access
man 5 hosts_options

upravlyaetsya cherez /etc/hosts.allow



vipw



vi /etc/rc.conf

# hostname  new_hostname
raskommentirovat'
hostname="new_hostname"




man ndc
ndc reload



Klassicheskaya shema dlya BSD-yader
http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-building.html
http://freebsd.org.ru/how-to/kernelconfig.html

 cd /usr/src/sys/i386/config/
 cp GENERIC YOURKERNEL
 /usr/sbin/config YOURKERNEL
 cd ../../compile/YOURKERNEL

 make depend && make

# teper' vzdrognul, podumali, i...

 make install




http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=53228


     Intel D865GBFL motherboard (AA Revision C25843-401)
        Integrated LAN with Intel 82562EZ PLC
     2.4C GHz Pentium 4 processor (800MHz, HT)
     FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE -- GENERIC kernel
        (although, would presumably happen with any kernel with the current
        fxp driver)

     Version info from if_fxp.c:

     * $FreeBSD: src/sys/dev/fxp/if_fxp.c,v 1.110.2.28 2003/01/28 11:17:33 sanpei Ex
     p $

     Relevant output from 'pciconf -lv':

     none4@pci1:8:0: class=0x020000 card=0x302f8086 chip=0x10508086 rev=0x01 hdr=0x00
         vendor   = 'Intel Corporation'
         class    = network
         subclass = ethernet


Description

     The fxp driver fails to recognize the integrated Intel 82562EZ LAN on the
     Intel D865GBFL motherboard.  If my diagnosis is correct, this is the result
     of this version of the 82562 chip reporting a new PCI "chip id", as has
     happened before (see kern/39974).


How-To-Repeat

     Install 4.8-RELEASE on a system with an Intel D865GBFL motherboard (the AA
     Revision on the board in question was C25843-401).  During and after
     installation, the kernel (specifically the fxp driver) fails to detect the
     on-board Intel 82562 LAN.


Fix

     Add an entry to the fxp_ident_table array in sys/dev/fxp/if_fxp.c for the
     new PCI chip id and re-build the kernel.  Here's a patch:

     --- if_fxp.c    Wed Jun 11 16:36:59 2003
     +++ if_fxp.c-patched    Wed Jun 11 16:36:30 2003
     @@ -165,6 +165,7 @@
          { 0x103C,          "Intel Pro/100 Ethernet" },
          { 0x103D,          "Intel Pro/100 Ethernet" },
          { 0x103E,          "Intel Pro/100 Ethernet" },
     +    { 0x1050,          "Intel Pro/100 Ethernet" },
          { 0x1059,          "Intel Pro/100 M Mobile Connection" },
          { 0,               NULL },
      };





IDE-diski:

 /dev/ad0 (numeraciya s 0)
 /dev/ad1 ...

SCSI-diski:

 /dev/da0 (numeraciya s 0)
 /dev/da1 ...

Razdely na diske (oni zhe - slajsy)
Dlya razmetki ispol'zuetsya fdisk s dikimi klyuchami

 /dev/ad0s1 (numeraciya s 1-go)
 /dev/ad0s2 ...

BSD-subsections vnutri razdela
Dlya razmetki ispol'zuetsya disklabel s dikimi klyuchami

 /dev/ae0s2e (numeraciya ot e do h, abcd - sluzhebnye podsekcii)
 /dev/ae0s2f ...

Vprochem,   vruchnuyu   eti   komandy   sovershenno  neoperabel'ny,  vmesto  nih
ispol'zuetsya administrativnyj frontend /stand/sysinstall


USB-Floppi-diski (prikidyvayutsya SCSI-diskami)

 /dev/de0

IDE-DVD/CDROM

 /dev/acd0c

Tipy fajlovyh sistem

 ufs
 ufs2 (nachinaya s 5.1 RELEASE)
 iso9660
 msdos



Konfigurator

 /stand/sysinstall

Prosto konfigur

 /etc/rc.conf



Posmotret'
 sysctl -a|grep ip

Zadat' v onlajne
 sysctl   net.inet.icmp.icmplim=400

Dlya postoyannoj ustanovki zapisat' v  /etc/sysctl.conf

 peremennaya=znachenie

net.inet.icmp.icmplim=400
kern.maxfiles=32768

net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized=0
net.inet.ip.portrange.first=49152
net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65535

kern.ipc.somaxconn=4096

Readonly parametry pomenyat' cherez  /etc/sysctl.conf ne udastsya.
Ih my zapisyvaem v

/boot/loader.conf
kern.ipc.nmbclusters="32768"
kern.ipc.nmbufs="131072"


CHast' parametrov zadaetsya v /usr/src/sys/i386/config/LINT

A mozhno dopisat' ih v YOURKERNEL

 Naprimer vpolne razumno smotryatsya
maxusers        512
options         NMBUFS=16384
options         NMBCLUSTERS=32768




 lmmon iz portov.
 consolehm
 healthd


Makefiles dlya ustanovki paketov lezhat v /usr/ports
Dlya installyacii paketa xyz:

  locate xyz | grep /usr/ports # opredelyaem ego portovuyu direktoriyu
  cd /usr/ports/whereitis/xyz  # i perehodim v nee
  make install
  esli ne hotim kachat' paket iz interneta - zaranee kladem ego v
  /usr/ports/distfiles


     ili zhe prosto

export PACKAGEROOT='ftp://ftp.*blizhajshee zerkalo*.freebsd.org'
pkg_add -r package_short_name #  (imya papki v portah, kak pravilo)

A eshche est'
/usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade


DLya nachala ego nado prosto ustanovit'. Dlya etogo
/sbin/sysinstall
  Configuration
    Distribution
       Ports      i ustanavlivaem ih iz seti

Potom sobiraem i stavim cvsup
/usr/ports/net/cvsup-without-gui
make install
man cvsup # i vnimatel'no chitaem

Zatem sozdaem fajl ~/sup/ports-supfile # chto brat' i otkuda
###########################################################
*default host=cvsup6.ru.FreeBSD.org
*default base=/usr
*default prefix=/usr
*default release=cvs tag=.
*default release=cvs delete use-rel-suffix compress
*default compress
ports-all
###########################################################

Zatem sozdaem fajl ~/sup/refuse # spisok, chego ne brat'
doc/da_*
doc/de_*
doc/es_*
doc/el_*
doc/fr_*
doc/it_*
doc/ja_*
doc/nl_*
doc/no_*
doc/pl_*
doc/pt_*
doc/ru_*
doc/sr_*
doc/zh_*
ports/arabic
ports/chinese
ports/french
ports/german
ports/hebrew
ports/hungarian
ports/japanese
ports/korean
ports/polish
ports/portuguese
# ports/russian
ports/ukrainian
ports/vietnamese
# ports/x11
# ports/x11-clocks
# ports/x11-fm
# ports/x11-fonts
# ports/x11-servers
# ports/x11-toolkits
# ports/x11-wm
# ports/x11-themes
##########################################
i nakonec

cvsup ~/sup/ports-supfile # chto brat' i otkuda




Odnorazovaya operaciya

ifconfig fxp0 alias 1.2.3.4 netmask 0xffffffff  # dobavit'
ifconfig fxp0 -alias 1.2.3.4                    # ubrat'

Na postoyannoj osnove:
/etc/rc.conf

ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet 81.19.6.18 netmask 0xffffffff"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias1="inet 81.19.6.19 netmask 0xffffffff"




 flag schg -- system immutable

 ls -lo /path/to/file   # posmotret'

 chflags 0 /path/to/file # sbrosit'




With  SCSI drives, the drive should be capable of re-mapping these automati­
cally. However, many drives are shipped with this feature disabled, for some
mysterious reason...

To  enable this, you will need to edit the first device page mode, which can
be done on FreeBSD by giving the command (as root)

    # scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3


S IDE-shnymi diskami mozhet projti takoj variant

fsck -y /dev/ad0s1e
  ** /dev/ad0s1e
  ** Last Mounted on /home/new
  ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
  CANNOT READ: BLK 204513248
  UNEXPECTED SOFT UPDATE INCONSISTENCY

mount -f /dev/ad0s1e /fs
mkdir /fs1/BAD-DIR
badsect /fs1/BAD-DIR 204513248
umount /fs1
fsck -y  /dev/ad0s1e

Posle  remonta  bitye  sektora  budut lezhat' v porozhdennyh fajlah, s imenami
obrazovannymi iz nomerov bityh sektorov, udalyat' kotorye konechno-zhe ne nado.
Fokus  rabotaet  tol'ko  esli  bitye  sektora prihodyatsya na bloki dannyh ili
free-list


mount -f /dev/ad0s1e /fs1
ls -al /fs1/BAD-DIR
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1428509 Sep 17 2004   204513248


Last-modified: Wed, 28 Jun 2006 16:50:59 GMT
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