. - . . , ( . . ), , ( " "). . , . . , , . , . . " " (. The Man with the Hoe, 1899) . . - , , - . . ", " (. Lincoln, the Man of the People, 1901). . . 1906 . . . - . , X. , . . . , . "" - . . (Marquand), (10.XI.1893, , - 16.VII.1960, , ) - . , . (1915) ; - . , , - "- ". 1922 . " " (The Unspeakable Gentleman). . " ", , - , , XVIII . " " (Lord Timothy Dekster of Newburyport, 1925). , ( . . , 1944) " " (The Late George Apley, 1937, . .). - (A Novel in Form of a Memoir), , . , , - , . , , , - , , , . , , . " ", , , , , , -. , "" , . -, , . : " " (Wickford Point, 1939) - ; ". . , " (.. Pulham, Esq., 1941, . . 1963) - " "; " " (So Little Time, 1943) - , ( , - , ); " , " (Melville Goodwin, U.S.A., 1951) - ; " " (Sincerely, Willis Wayde, 1955) - . . , - , 30- . " "; 1957 . " - " (Stopover: Tokyo). 1954 . " " (Thirty Years). . (Masters), (23.VIII.1868, , - 5.III.1950, -, ) - , , , . . , . , . 1892 . , . . , , . . . . " -" (Spoon River Anthology, 1915) - , . , , . , " -", 1906 ., ( ) . " " . . . , , , , . . , , , . "" 250 "" (The Hill), . ) , . , , XX . , - - , , , , , , . - .. - . . , "", , , , . "-" , , . . , , "" . , . , , . XX ., . 1924 . " -" (The New Spoon River), "" . . , "-", . - " " (Illinois Poems, 1941), "" (The Sangamon, 1942) . - . 1923 . -, , , , . (Vachel Lindsay: A Poet in America, 1935), M. (Mark Twain: A Portrait, 1938) " -" (Across Spoon River, 1936). , , , . , " " (Lincoln, the Man, 1931), , 10- . . , ; . . (Mailer), [] (. 31.I.1923, -, -) - , , . , . 1948 . " " (The Naked and the Dead, . . 1973), 20 . , 1985-1986- . - -. 40- . - , " " , . . . , , . " " , . , ; , " ". 50- . . " " (Barbary Shore, 1951) ; " " (The Deer Park, 1955) . , , , " " " ". " " (The White Negro, 1957), "" (Advertisments for Myself, 1959), " " (An American Dream, 1965), . , , "" "", - . , , " ", . , , , , . " " " ?" (Why Are We in Vietnam?, 1967) -, , - . , , . , 60- . - . - - " " (The Armies of the Night, 1968, . . . .) " " (Miami and the Siege of Chicago, 1968) - . 70- . " " (Of a Fire on the Moon, 1970) - ; - " " (The Prisoner of Sex, 1971), "" (The Fight, 1975) - . . . - "" (Marilyn, 1973) " " (Of Women and Their Elegance, 1980); " " (Saint George and the Godfather, 1972). 70- . - " " " " (The Executioner's Song, 1979), . " ", , , " ", . , , "", . " " (Ancient Evenings, 1983), " " (Tough Guys Don't Dance, 1984) " " (The Changing of the Guards, 1989). , , " " . " ", " ", , , . 80- . : - - ( 1986), , , ( 1987). . (Melville), (1.VIII.1819, - - 28.IX.1891, ) - , . - , . . , , - . 1845 . . . (, , ) . . . , "" (), 1846 . (. . 1929, 1967), , "" (The Confidence Man), - 1857 . "" (, 1847, . . 1960), "" (Mardi, 1849), "" (Redburn, 1849), " " (WhiteJacket, 1850, . . 1973), " , " (Moby Dick; or, the White Whale, 1851, . . 1961), "" (Pierre), " " (Israel Potter: His Fifty Years of Exile, 1855, . . 1966) , (Piazza Tales, 1856), . . : " " (Bartlbey the Scrivener), " " (Benito Cereno) "" (The Encantadas). 1857 . , - " " (Billy Budd), 1924 . - " " (Battle Pieces and Aspects of War, 1866), " " (John Marr and Other Sailors, 1888), "" (Timoleon, 1891), "" (Clarel, 1876). 80 1924 . , "", . , , - . , , " " . . , , "". , , , . , (""). , - . , "", . , , . , , (" - "), . "" " ". . "" " " , , ( ". " " "), , , . , 1845 1850 ., . " , " , , . , , . , , " ", , , . " " 40- 50- ., , . . , , . - , , - , . , . , , . " " , - . " " . : , , , . . , . . , , , , " " "" , , . - . " " . , . , . , , - , . , . .. , - . , - , , , . "" " " - , , . . . , , " " : - ! . , , " ", , . " " , . , . - . , (, , , ) , . - , , , , . . . , . "" "": , , , , - , , . . , . " " , . , , . 50- . , 1891 . . 20- . "" . , , , , . . 3 . (1988). . (Mencken), (12.IX.1880, , - 29.1.1956, ) - , , . - 1910-1920- . , , , . 1896 . , 1899 . , , -, . , . , . , : " " (The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, 1908), " " (The Gist of Nietzsche, 1910) ., . . " ". XX . , , . . "" , "" , XIX ., , . - "" " " (genteel tradition), , (. , . . .), , , "" . . . (" ", 1908), . (" ", 1917). , , , , " ", , , "" . " " - "" (, , ), , . , , "" " ". 1900-1920- .: " . " (George Bernard Shaw: His Plays, 1905), " " (A Book of Prefaces, 1917), "", 6 (Prejudices, 1919-1927), " " (Notes on Democracy, 1926). 1918 .- " ", " ", " ", : " ", " ", " ". , , (" "), " ". , , " , ". . , . , . , . . 1910- . . , . 1920- . . , . - , . , , - . , " " - " ", " ". " ", " ", " " , , " ". , , " ", "". " " 1908 ., 1914 , . . . 1924 . - " ", 1933 . , , " ", " " . . "" "", , , . , , - "" ( boob - "" ""), " " (Bible Belt - ). 20- . - ( "" " " 1924 .), . " " (The American Language, 1919), (1921, 1923, 1936) (1945, 1948). . (Miller), (. 17.X.1915, -) - . -, , 1929 . . , (1934-1938). , , . - - " -" (The Pussycat and the Expert Plumber, Who Was a Man, 1941), . " " (Situation Normal, 1944). ", " (The Man Who Had All the Luck, 1944) " " (Death of a Salesman, 1949, . ., . . 1956). "" (Focus, 1945) , , , . " " (All My Sons, 1947, . . 1948). , , , , . : , , , " ", . . . . " " (1950). " ", 742 , . " ", , . , , . - " , ", . " " - - . , " " (The Crucible, 1953), 1692 . . , , , . (1955) : " " (A Memory of Two Mondays) - , , " " (A View From the Bridge, . . 1957) , . 8 , "" (The Misfits), , (1961). " " (I Don't Need You Anymore, 1967). (1956) , " " (1957), . " " (After the Fall, 1964, . . 1989). , " ". " ", , . - , , , , - - . , , " , ". , " " (Incident at Vichy, 1964, . . 1965). " " (The Creation of the World and Other Business, 1972) . 50- . - - (1965-1969). - "" (The Price, 1968, . . 1968), , . , " ... - ". 1967 . " " (In Russia, 1969), . , . " " 1968 . " " (The Arhbishop Ceiling, 1977). . " " (Chinese Encounters). 1983 . " " - " " (Salesman in Beiping, 1984). " ", " ", - " " " " (American Clock, . 1980, . . 1988, . . 1988). 80- . , , "" , " , ".