. . , , , , . , , : " " (A Description of New England, 1616), " " (New England Trials, 1620), " , " (The General History of the Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles, 1624). . . (Smith), (p. 8.X.1927, , ) - . , - (1945); (1947), . - "- " (The River is , 1953) - " ", , . 1966 . , 1988 . , "" (The Beginning, 1967) . " " (Forever Island, 1973, . . 1981), 10 . "" , " " (Angel City, 1978, . . 1981) "" (Allapattah, 1979). -, "" . , , , . - , . : . " ", 70- .: , " " - , . , , . , , "" , "" , . - 70- ., , , . , . , . . " - , ",- . " - " ( . ., 1982, . II). ", " ( The Land Remembered, 1984), . -, , -. 40 . " " (In Search of a Russian Bear, 1983, . . . 1984), . . (Smith) (14.IX.1792, , - 29.VIII.1868, , -) - , . . : , , , . 1818 . , . 1830 . " " , . " " (Life and Writings of Major Jack Downing of Downingville, 1833). , , , , . 3-4 . , , , - . - . - - (tall tales). , , "" , , . : , , . . , . "", , 1847 ., - (1846-1848). , , - , " ". , : , . , "", . , , . . (Smith), (p. 22.IV. 1918, , ) - , , . , -. " " (Army Brat, 1980). () - (1935-1941). . , - "" (Poems) - 1947 . : " " (Celebration at Dark, 1950), " 1947-1957" (Poems 1947-7957, 1957), " " (The Tin Can and Other Poems, 1966), " " (New and Selected Poems, 1971), " " (Venice in the Fog, 1975), " " (Journey to the Dead Sea, 1979), " " (The Traveller's Tree, 1980). , , "" , - . , , - . (. , . , . ). , , - , . , " " (., .). - " " (Laughing Time, 1953), " " (If I Had a Boat, 1967), " " (Mr. Smith and Other Nonsense, 1968). , , (. , . ) . 1982 . . (Stein), (3.II.1874, , - 27.VII.1946, ) - , , . . (, , 1893-1897), . . " ", . , , , (1903), . 1934 . , . . , . , . . . , . . , . , . . " " (lost generation). " " (continuous present). , , , , , . " " , , (" " , , - " "). " " . XX ., , . , , XX . : , , , , . , , , . . : QED - Quod Erat Demonstrandum (" ", . 1972) " " (Three Lives, 1909) - , . : "" (attacking) "" (resisting). , , . - " " (The Making of Americans, 1925) - . , " ", , , - . "" (, , ) 20- . : "" , , ., , , - " " " " (Tender Buttons, 1914). 30- 40- . "" : , - " " (Long Joy Book, 1932), " " (Dix Portraits, 1930), "" (Ida: A Novel, 1941). . , , " " (What Happened, 1913), , , . : , , ( , , ) "" ( ). . " " (Four Saints in Three Acts, 1934) , - , , "". - , : , - . - " " (The Mother of Us All, 1947), " , """ (In Savoy: or, Yes Is for a Very Young Man, 1946) " " (Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights, 1949) - ( " " "") . - , , , , . . 60-80- . - . - " ". - , , , XX . " " . (, .) : " " (Composition as Explanation, 1926), " " (How to Write, 1931), " " (The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, 1933), ": " (Narration: Four Lectures, 1935). . (Styron), (. 11.VI.1925, -, ) - . , 1944-1945 . . (. , 1947). . - " " (Lie Down in Darkness, 1951) - . , -, , , , 60- . , , , . " " - . , , . " ", - . " " (The Long March, 1956, . . 1980) , -. " " . . , . "" , " " - " " (Set This House On Fire, 1960, . . 1987). , , , , , - , , , , , . , , , , , . , , - 1831 . , , - . " " (The Confessions of Nat Turner, 1967, . .) , , ( , , ). (" ", ) - , , , - . , , , 1831 . - 60- . , - - , - , , XX . " ", . "" " . " (1968) , . " " (Sophie's Choice, 1979, . . .), 12 . , , , . - , - . , - , . - . " " (This Quiet Dust and Other Writings, 1982). . (Stavis), (. 16.VI.1906, -) - . , . . 1927 . , ( 1932 .), , , " " (The International Brigade, 1938) "" (Refuge, 1939). . " " (The Chain of Command, 1945), , ", " (, Sweet Home, 1949). " ", 1947 . ", " (Lamp at Midnight,), 150 . "..." , ", " (The Man Who Never Died, 1954), , 20 (, 1970), "-" (Harper's Ferry, 1962), 1859 ., " " (Coat of Many Colors, 1968) - . 1966-1972 . . , , . - - " " (Notes on Joe Hill and His Time, 1954, . . 1978) " . " (John Brown: The Sword and the Word, 1970). 30- . "- " . , , , "" . : " " - , , - , , . : - . , , , . " " (The Raw Edge of the Victory, . 1976, . 1986). , - , , . , , " " (House of Shadows. A Tragic Comedy, 1986) , 1937 . , , . - "" . ", " (1980). . (Steinbeck), [] (27.11.1902, , 20.XII.1968, -) - , (1962). . , . , , . (1919-1925) : . . -, , . "" (1924), " " (Cup of Gold) - XVII . . " " (The Pastures of Heaven, 1932) "" , -, - . . " " - , . " " (To a God Unknown, 1933) . , , - , . - " " (The Long Valley, 1938), " " (The Red Pony), " -" (St. Cathie, the Virgin), "" (The Snake), "" (Chrysanthemums) . " ߔ" (Tortilla Flat, 1935), , . "" , . , , , " " (In Dubious Battle, 1936) - , - , - . " " , , , . " ", " ", 30- . , , . , , - , (" , "). " " (. ), , " ", , "", .. , " ". " " (Sea of Cortes, 1941), -, . , . - . , - , , : " ", - " ", " " (Of Mice and Men, 1937), - , . , , " " . (1939) . " ". . , , , . . . (", , , ", - 1936 .), , , ( " ", Their Blood Is Strong, 1938). - " " (Grapes of Wrath, 1939, . .) - . . " " . , . . . , , . "" , - , , , , - , . - . , "" "". Ma , , - , . : , , , , . "" , - , , , - . . " " (Bombs Away, 1942), " " (The Moon Is Down, 1942), , , , "- " (Once There Was a War, 1958). " " (Cannery Row, 1945) " " (Sweet Thursday, 1954) "-". " " (The Wayward Bus, 1947) - " ", . - " " (Burning Bright, 1950), - "" (The Pearl, 1948) - . (" ") "" " " (East of Eden, 1952). , - , , . , " , , , " , . " " (The Short Reign of Pippin IV, 1957), , " " (The Winter of Our Discontent, 1961), . , , , . . " " - " " (A Russian Journal, 1948), (" ..."). 60- . , , " " (Travels with Charley in Search of America, 1962) - - . " " (America and Americans, 1966). 1963 . . 6500 , , . . ( 1966), , " " (Dispatches to Alicia}, - "" (. 1966 - . 1967), . , "-", 50- . . " " (The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights), . 1977 . - : " " (The Forgotten Village, 1941) " " (Viva Zapata, 1952). . - " " (A Life in Letters, 1975), . " " (. ) " " (. ) . -, XX . . 1989 . 6- . . (Steffens), [] (6.IV. 1866, - - 9.VIII.1936, , ) - , . , . : , , , , , , . , -. 1902 ., " " ( 1902 1906 .), , " " (muckrakers), . 1900- ., , "" . , P.C. , . , . . : , , " ", .. , , , , . , " " (The Shame of the Cities, 1904). , , , " " - " " (The Struggle for Self-Government, 1906), "" (Upbiiilders, 1909). , , , , "" - . XX . "", " ", . ,