"" , . , , - , - , . , , . , ", " (The Figure A Poem Makes, 1949). , " , , ". " " , . , " , ", " , ". "" , , "" - . , XX ., . , . . (1961) " " (The Gift Outright, 1942). (1962), (1963, 1968, 1986). . (Frank), [] (25.VIII.1889, -, - - 9.I.1967, , ) - , , , . , (1911), . - , " " (1916-1917), . " " (The Unwelcome Man, 1917), , "" . " " (Our America, 1919), , , , " " (Machine Age) . " " (The Re-Discovery of America, 1928), "". "" , "" "", , . . 20- . . 20- . , , . . . . " ": "" (Rahab, 1922), "" (City Block, 1922, . . 1927), "" (Holiday, 1923, . . 1926), " " (Chalk Face, 1924),- , 20- ., , . ( "" -, ) -. "", 30- ., . , , , - " " (Dawn in Russia, 1932), . (1935-1937 .). 1 ( 1935 .) , , , . " ", 30- ., . " " (In the American Jungle, 1937); , , , , " ", . "" . - " " (The Death and Birth of David Markand, 1934, . . 1936) - -, " ". " " "- " : , "" . - "" , 35- , , , . -, , , , . " " (The Bridegroom Cometh, 1938), 20- ., , . 30- ., , . 40-50- . " " (Summer Never Ends, 1941), " " (Island in the Atlantic), "" (Invaders, 1948), " " (Not Heaven, 1953) . " : " (Cuba: Prophetic Island, 1961). ( " ", The Rediscovery of Man, 1958), " ". - , , , , , , , "" "". . (Fuller), (9.1.1857, , - 28.VII.1929, ) - , . "". . . . . , , , . , , , . . , . (1879-1880 1883). - " -" (The Chevalier of Pensieri-Vani, 1890) " . " (The Chatelaine of La Trinitee, 1892) - . , , . , . , " . . ?" (1892). , , . " " (The Cliff-Dwellers, 1893) : , , . , , , , , - . " " "" . , . , , . . "" " " (With the Procession, 1895), , . , . . 90- . " " (The Puppet Booth, 1896), , " " (From the Other Side, 1898). " " (The Pilgrim's Sons) , . " " (New Flag, 1899) , : " , ... !" . 1901 . 1901 . " " (Under the Skylights), : . " " (The Downfall of Abner Joyce) ( X. ) . . "" : " " (Waldo Trench and Others, 1908), " " (Gardens of This World, 1929). , , " " (On the Stairs, 1918) - , . - " " (Not on the Screen, 1930),- , " ", , - . - , . , " ". . (Fuller), [] (23.V.1810, , - 19.VII. 1850, -) - , , . , . , , . : , , , . , . , , , . , . . , . 1836 . . . , . , . . . 1839 . " " (Eckermann's Conversations) . . . 1840 . "" - . 1842 . , , , , . , , , . , . . " , ", - . . . " ". , , , . . , " " " " (1852), , , . . 1845 . " XIX " (Woman in the 19th Century), , . . , , "". "" (self-dependence): , , , , . 1844 1849 . "- ", , . 1846 . " " (Papers on Literature and Art). , . 1846 . , . 1848 . . , . , . , . , . . 1850 . . -, . .  (Harris), (9.XII.1848, , - 3.VII.1908, , ) - , . , . . , . . , -, . 1879 . "" . " , " (Uncle Remus:His Songs and His Sayings, 1881) " " (Nights with Uncle Remus, 1883) . , , , - , , . , " ", , . , . " " (Uncle Remus and His Friends, 1892), , . 1895-1905 . ; . , " - " (Mingo and Other Sketches in Black and White, 1884), " " (Free Joe and Other Georgia Sketches, 1887), " " (Balaam and His Friends, 1891), " " (The Chronicles of Aunt Minervy Ann, 1899). . : " " (Free Joe and the Rest of the World, 1884), " ?" (Where's Duncan?, 1891), " " (Trouble on Lost Mountain, 1887); . " , , . , , ",- 1884 . " " (On the Plantation, 1892), " " (Sister Jane, 1896), , " " (Gabriel Tolliver, 1902) - , . 1907 . " " (Uncle Remus's Magazine). . 1936 . . (Harris), (p. 19.XI. 1922, -, -) - . . 1943-1944 . . 50- . . - , , - , , . - " " (Trumpet to the World, 1946) , . , - - "- " (Something About a Soldier, 1957). ", " (Wake Up, Stupid, 1957) - , . " " (Killing Everybody, 1973) , , . . " " ( 1953, 1979 .). . " " (City of Discontent, 1952). 1980 . . , " ". . (Hayden), [] (4.VIII.1913, , - 25.11.1980, -, ) - . . - " " (Heart Shape in the Dust) - 1940 . " " (The Lion and the Archer, 1949, . '), " " (Figure of Time, 1955), " " (A Ballad of Remembrance, 1962), " " (Words in the Mourning Time, 1970), " " (American Journal, 1978) . : " " (Selected Poems, 1966) " " (Angle of Ascent, New and Selected Poems, 1975). " " (1966). "" (Kaleidoscope! Poems by American Negro Poets, 1967). 1976-1978 . - - . : (, . , ) . - . , . . " ". , " ". 40- . . - . , . , . . , . , ", ", . . . " " : -. - , " , , " . - , 1960-1970- . , , . " , ... " " " ", , - ". . (Hailey), (. 5.IV.1920, , ) - . , 1952 . - , , . , , , . , 50- . , . , , - . " " (The Final Diagnosis, 1959, . . 1973) " " (Strong Medicine, 1984) , "" (Hotel, 1965, . . 1972) "" (Wheels, 1971, . . 1974)- , "" (The Moneychangers, 1975) "" (verload, 1979) - , "" (Airport, 1968, . . 1971) - . "" "" , . , , 60- . - . , , - . , , , , , , . 70- ., , , , , , , " " (In High Places, 1962) . "" "" - . . (Heller), (p. 1.V.1923, -) - . . - (1948), (1949) (1949-1950) . - "-22" (Catch 22, 1961, . . 1967, 1988), , . , 80- . 8 000 000 , . , "-22" . : , , , - . ; - , ( ), ; . , , . " " (. . . , . , . . ), " " , , , , - . "" , , : , , . , , . , , , , . - "- " (Something Happened, 1974, . . 1978). , , - " " 60-70- . : , , , , , , , , , . , ; : - , - , - , - . . . ( ) , . , -. , "" , , . , , , . : , , , . " " (Good as Gold, 1979) . , , . , . " ..." (God Knows, 1984), . " " (Picture This, 1988) , , , . , "-22" "- ". . (Hellman), (20.VI.1905, , - 30.VI.1984, -, ) - . , , . , "- ", , () . - " " (The Children's Hour, 1934) - , , , , . " " (Days to Come, 1936) . - "" (The Little Foxes, 1939), . , , , - . . , : "", , , , , . , , . , , "" . " " (Watch on the Rhine, 1941) , " ". ( . ). - " " (Another Part of the Forest, 1946), - 20 , "". , , , , , . , " " (The Autumn Garden, 1951) " " (Toys in the Attic, 1960). , , , . , , , , . , " ", . . 1941 . " " (The North Star), . - " " (An Unfinished Woman, 1969), : "Pentimento" (1973) " " (Scoundrel Time, 1979), - . 1959 . . . (Hemingway), [] (21.VII.1899, -, - 2.VII.1961, , ) - , . (1954). . . 1917-1918 . "". 1918 . . - , . , , , . 1920 1924 . " ", , , , . (1922), (1923), . , , - (1922-1923). , , , , . , , , , (. , , . , . . , . . , . . ) , (. , . , . , . , . . ) . . . " " " " (Three Stones and Ten Poems, 1923), , , " " (in our time, , 1924), , " " (In Our Time, 1925), . , "", , , . 15 , , "" , , , , , " " ( 1924 .) 1926 . - " " (The Torrents of Spring), . , . - " " (The Sun Also Rises, 1926), 1927 . "" (Fiesta). , "" , ("") . , , , , , , ,