. 1, 127. 171 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 /dev/mt?; i , , , . Tar - ; l . , . 512 (, - ). , -. . "mt" . : /dev/mt* /tmp/tar* : - /. - 172 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 . : n- . u . , "" , "TAPE" "f", 1. 100 . 173 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : tbl - . : tbl [] ... : tbl - pif . , , .TS .TE (.. ), . , tbl , - . , tbl eqn neqn, , ' , . : pif, eqn : re "" opaee c oa ay ocaoo pooo, p tbl . : txt : 174 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 .TS center tab(&); c s s c s s c c c l n n. - 48 . && &56767&12-00 &56769&8-16 &56770&7-68 &56772&5-28 &56796&8-16 &56797&8-16 .TE tbl txt | pif : - 175 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 48 . 56767 12-00 56769 8-16 56770 7-68 56772 5-28 56796 8-16 56797 8-16 176 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : tee - . : tee [-i] [-a] [] ... : tee . : -i ; -a , . 177 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : test - . : test : test "" , - , ; - . , . "" : -r , ; -w , - ; -f , ; -d , - ; -s , 178 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 , ; -t [fildes] , , fildes ( 1), ; -z s1 , s1 ; -n s1 , s1 ; s1 = s2 , s1 s2 ; s1 != s2 , s1 s2 ; s1 , s1 ; n1 -eq n2 , n1 n2 . -eq : -ne, -qt, -ge -lt -le. - : ! ; -a ; -o ; ( ) 179 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 ; -a , -o. - test. - . : sh, find 180 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : time - . : time : , time , - , , , - , . . : , - 1/50 . , , - . 181 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : touch - . : touch [-c] ... : touch - , "". . , , , -c. 182 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : tr - . : tr [-cds] [1 [2]] : tr - - . , - , "1", "2". 2 , - 1 - . -cds: -c "1" - , -8 - 01 0377; -d , - "1"; -s - , "2", . A-Z A Z -8. '/, 1, 2 3 , , -8 . '/ - 183 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 , . file1 file2, - . - , "" '/ - . "012" -8 . tr -cs A-Za-z ' 12' <file1 >file2 : ed : -8 nul "1" "2", nul . 184 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : true, false - "" (""). : true false : true , . false . - sh, : while true do done : sh 185 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : tsort - . : tsort [] : tsort - , , "". "" , . ( ), . . , . : lorder : odd data: . 186 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : tty - . : tty : tty - . : , "not tty". 187 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : uncompact - . : uncompact [...] : uncompact , - compact. ".C". , ".C". . , , . : .. : compact, ccat 188 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : uniq - . : uniq [-udc [+n] [-n]] [filein [fileout]] : uniq "filein". ; . "-u", . K "-d" , . "-u" "-d" . "-c" "-u" "-d" - , . "n" , : -n "n" - . ( - ), . +n "n" . - . 189 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : sort, comm 190 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : units - . : units : units , : you have: inch you want: cm * 2.54000+00 / 3.93701-01 , - . , : - - : you want: 15 pounds forse/in2 you want: atm * 1.02059+00 / 9.79730-01 units - . , - , . , , 191 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : pi ; c ; e ; g ; force , g; mole ; water ; au ; Pound . . , - , br (, brgallon). (, britanpound). , /usr/lib/units. : , , /usr/lib/units. 192 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : vmid - : vmid : a , oopo paoae . : vmid 193 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : vmmsg - : vmmsg [ ...] : . . coep cooee ,o . - - 100 . 194 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 M: vmpunch - t . : vmpunch [-rhdsqo] [-v ] [-i ] [-t ] [-c ] [-f _] [-u ] [-x - [:]] [] : vmpunch ( - caap o, ec aoo ) . - , ec o e yaa, o /etc/passwd. -r oae peopaoae -8 ; -h ; -d ; -s "stream". - "TWO BYTE <LENGTH> <DATA>..."; -q ; - . - ; 195 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 -v eaop BM, oopa . COMPLEX.VMID, , COMPLEX. -v - , /etc/passwd; -i - paa oaa ao, ec ; -f "t_" aece e, oopoe . Ec e coyec, o ooo aa, ec o e caap o, o "from.punch"; -c . ; - . - ; -u - EMOC, paoae a . userid ; - /usr/spool/bin - . 196 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 . - send. epea o . -i -x. : send, vmread, spooler 197 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : wc - . : wc [-lwcpt] [-b] [-s_] [-u] [-v] [...] : wc , , ( ) . "", - . , , - . , , "l", "w", "c", "p", "t" (l), (w), (c), (p) - (t). -b , ("") (300 ). -s_ ( 66 ). -u , . -v . 198 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : , , wc.1 - : wc -lwcpt -v wc.1 - : lines words chars pages time@300 42 86 1312 1 43.0 se wc.1 : - , .. 199 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : whatis - . : whatis name ... : whatis ("name"). - man. : /usr/lib/whatis : man, catman, apropos 200 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : whereis - : whereis [-sbm] [-u] [-sbm ... -f] name : whereis - ("name") . , ".c", ".bak" ".etc" .., . - . : -s , - ( , - ); -b , - ( , - ); -m , - . ( , - ); -u , 201 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 - "name". -f . "-b", "-m", "-s" - whereis. - , , . : - , - : whereis -u -m /bin : /bin/* /usr/bin/* /usr/lib/* /etc/* chdir, , , . 202 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : who - . : who [who-] [am i] : who , . , . "x" - . , , "who am I" ( "who are you"), who . : /etc/utmp : getuid, utmp 203 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : write - . : write _ [_tty] : write . - , : Message from "username" "ttyname".. . , write "EOF" . , , "_tty" , - . mesg . . , re, pr, - , . "!", write , 204 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 . write : , , , . - "". "" , . : mesg, who, mail 205 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : xstr - . : xstr [-c] [-x] [-] [] : xstr , . xstr "strings", . - "&xstr[]". "Messages", ( 12 ) . "Xsline()", - . . "xstr" - , - . xstr -c 206 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 "", , &xstr[]. - ' xstr. x.c . strings, . , - , strings. , - , xs.c, - xstr, : xstr xs.c . xstr - "data" "text", (, ".data" ".text" ). Xstr . : xstr , , .c xs.c, strings . xstr - , - 207 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 , , . "-", xstr . xstr : cc -C -P .c xstr -c .i cc -c .c mv .o .o rm .i , xstr strings; , xs.o, , - . : xstr -x -c "Mesages", - "x.c", "Xsline()", "" - "Messages". Xsline. : xstr -x "xs.c", Xsline. 208 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 "XSFILE": cc -O -c -DXSFILE= : /*NOXSTR*/ "xstr -c" ; /*NOXXSTR*/ , "xstr -c -x"; /*YESXSTR*/ /*YESXXSTR*/ . , , xstr - , cc "-C" , . "xstr -c" - : char x[]=""; ( "xstr -c -x") - , , . , - Xsline - . 209 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 "xstr -x -c" , "ldover", "Messages" "V.out.a"; Xsline ( xs.c) . : , xstr, "strings" , . 210 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 : yacc - . : yacc [-vd][-f ] : Yacc , - . , - , . , yyparse. - yylex, main yyerror. - . , yacc, - lex. -v, yacc y.output, - - , - . -d, #define, " ", yacc, , '- 211 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 . . -f, - , , "". "/usr/lib/yaccpar". : lex : reduce-reduce shift-reduce. , . : , yacc. 2 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 , - . - . . . 3 AK.00210-01 33 01-5 1. ......................... 4 ............................................ 5