, , , , . . 90% . , , . . . , , . . , , , . , . , 1968 , , , . , . , , . , 1967 ( ). , " , . , , . , , , ". " ". 1967 10%, , . . , . , , , , . , . , - , , , , . , , . 1968 . , , . 1968 , " " (Employment Act) " " (Industrial Relations Act). " " (Trade Unions Act). , , . , , , , , . , , , . . . , . , . , (Seah Mui Kok), , , . . . 1969 52 , 17,000 . 1970 , , 20,000 . . 1972 ( - National Wages Council), , , . , , , , , . , , , . , . , , . . , , 180 - , . - . . - , , . , , , , , , , . 1969 (Devan Nair) - , . 1964 . , , . . , . 1970 1981 , , , . , - , . . , , , , . , 1969 , . . 1970 , " " (NTUC Comfort), " ", 60- . 200 " " (Morris Oxford) 200 "" (Austin), . 1994 , 10,000 200 , " " (Comfort Group Limited), . , 1973 , " " (NTUC Welcome), , . " " (NTUC Fairprice), , . 1970 " " (NTUC Income) , . . , , . . 1981 , , (Lim Chee Onn), 37- , . , 1977 . , (Glasgow), . . , , , , , , . . . , , , . , " ". . , . , . 1982 . , , , " " (Keppel Corporation). (Sim Kee Boon), , . , , , . , , , . , , 1983 . , , , . , , (Adelaide University), , -. , , (Hokkien), . , . , . , , . , . , , , " " (Pasir Ris Resort), , " " (Orchid Country Club) , . , . . . , , , . , , , , , . , . . 1990 , (Ruskin College), (Institute of Labour Studies), , . 1993 , (Lim Boon Heng), 12 , , . -- (Newcastle-upon-Tyne) 1981 , . 20-30 , , . , . , , , , , . , 80- . , ( - Quality control circles) ,- , , , . . , , , , . (Japan Productivity Centre) , , , . . 1987 , , , , , . , , , , . , , . , , , , . . , . 1982 , , . , . 1984 , , , . , . , , . 90- , , . , , , . , , , , - . , . . , . . , 1962 (Labour Research Unit). , 1961 (Singapore Trade Union Congress), , , . .. (S.R. Nathan), . . . 1999 . (Hsu Tse Kwang), - , . . , , . , 90- , , - , , , . , , . , , , , . , , - . . . , , , - . . , . - , , . 14% 1965 1.8% 1997 . 25 , 1973 1997 , 5% . 1997 , , ( 1998 3.2%). , , 15%, 1 1999 .  7. , " " (welfare state). , , . , . , , , , , , , . , . 60- , , " ", . , . , , , , , . , , , , . , , . , . , " ". . , . , , , . , , , . 1963 , . ( - Housing and Development Board) . 1960 , . 1964 15 . , 25%- . 1965 , . , , . , , , . , , , . , , . , , , . , , . , , . , . 5% , , 55 . . , . 1968 , " " (CPF Act), , . 25%- , 20 . . , , , , . , , , . , , . , "" , , , . , , , , - . . , . , , . 1955 1968 . 5% 25% 1984, 50% . 40%. "" , , . . 1961 , , 47 (. .: 1 = 0.4 ) (Bukit Ho Swee). 16,000 . , , . . , " - . , ". , , , 30 1973 . , , . , , , : 1986 , 1992 , - 1995 . . : 3,000 1967 - 70,000 1996 . , 90- , , . 1996 750,000 , 9% , . 150,000 450,000 . , 1984 , , . , , , . , 1965 , : , , (Tiong Bahru, Queenstown, Toa Payoh, MacPearson). 1975 , . , , , , . , , 1971 "" (Phillips) . , , : "-", "", " ", " ", "", "", "", "", "" "" ("Compaq", "Apple Computer", "Motorola", "Seagate", "Hitachi", "Aiwa", "Mitsubishi", "Siemens"). 150,000 , , . , . 30 , . , , , , , , , . , , , . , , . , . , , . , . , 12 , (Old Airport Road), , . , . , . 10 , . . , - . , , , , . , ; , , , . . . , , , , . , , , . 1982-1984 , . 1979 (The Cheang Wan). . , , . , , . . , , , . , 90- , . , , - . , , . , 1997 . , 1995 , . 1989 , , , . , , , . , . , 58,000 , , , . 4,500 . , , , . . . 1947 , , ( - National Health Service). , ,