. 1963 , , , . 1989 , , 10,000 100,000 . , 10,000 . , . . 1971 , 250 , 5 10 , , . , , . "" , . (Central Supplies Office - , ) , . - (Import and Export Department) . , . . . , . . , , - . . , - , - 60- 80- . (Tan Kia Gan) , 1963 . 50- , " " (Malaysian Airways), . " ". 1966 "" (Boeing). (Lim) " " (First National City Bank), "", . . . , . , . , , , , " " . , . , , . , . (Wee Toon Boon) 1975 , . , , . 500,000 , 300,000 , . , 50- , . , . , , 18 . 1979 , (Phey Yew Kok) . 83,000 . , " " (Trade Unions Act) 18,000 , , . . , , . , , , . . , , , . , , , . , , . 50,000 , , , . , , . . 1986 , 400,000 : , , , , - . 1981-1982 . , . , . , , . , 15 1986 , , : " . , , . , , . , ". , . , . , , , , . , (sodium amytal). . . , . . , . . , 800,000 . , . , - . - . , . , . (The Institute of Management Development) 1997 (World Competitiveness Yearbook 1997) , . , , 10 . 9.18 , , . 1998 " " (Transparency International) . "", "", "", "", - , , - . , . , . , , , , . , , , . , . 50- 60- , , , . . " ", 1966-1976 , . , . , , , ("helicopter promotion") . , 1978 " ". . . , 80- , . , - , , , . , , , . . , , . . 90- (Legislative Yuan) (KMT - Kuomingtang) 10-20 . , , , . " " (commercial democracy), - " " (purchased mandate). 1996 2,000 13 (1.2 ). - " ", . - , . " " (money politics). 1996 - (Dr. Mahathir Mohamad) , , " " . " " , " , ". , 1993 , , , " " (Bank Negara) 1,000 5,000 . , "" (, , ). , , "" . 42 , 1997 . (Habibi). , , , . ( - People's Consultative Assembly), . , . . , (Diet), . , , , . , , . . , , , , , . . 1959 , , - . (triad - ). , , , . , , . , . , , , , , , , , . , - . . , , . , . , , , , . , , , - (Silvio Berlusconi). (. .: 2001 - ). , , - . , , , . , . , , , , , . , 8-9% , , , 1995 . . . , , , , . , , . , , . , , , , , . . . . 1985 . .. (29,000 ) - , 10,000 , "" - 9,000 . , (Marcos) 100,000 1,000 , , 150 , 1,200,000 2,500 . , . ; - ; . , , , , . , - , . , 18 , - 560 . , 1:31. , (Zhongnanhai), " " (Forbidden City). , , , . . - . , , . , . , , , , , . , . , , , , . , , , . 80--90- , , . , , , . , . , , , . (4 - 8 ). . - , "" , . " " (revolving door) . , , , . 1970 , , 2,500 4,500 . (3,500 ), , . , . 1978 (Dr. Tony Tan) " ", 950,000 . , , , , . , . 1994 , , , , , , . 7-10% , 2-3 . 1995 - , . , . , 2/3 , , . , , , , , , . , , , , . - . , , , , , . , . , , , . . , , . , , 18 , , - . , , , , - , . . , , 1 2 , 300,000. . , . , , . 1995 , 1997 . , 1984 , , , . , , - , , . , . . , , , - . , , . " " (white paper) 1988 . , 1992 , - . - . - - 1997 , . , , . , , - , 1995 , - . 5% - 7 % . 5% - 10% , - . , . , , , . , . , , . - , . . 40 , , . . , , , .. . - , , , . , , , . , - , . , , , , , , , . , , . , , , , , . .  13.  1976 , (Great Hall of the People) , . . 1977 , , - (Ming), . , , . 1980 , , , . , , , , . , , , - , . 60- , 80- , . , , . , . - , , , , . . " ". , . " " - , , , , . , . , , , . , , , . . 60- " " (, ) . , , , , . . . , . , , , . " ", , . , , , . , , . , " " . , "" . 1971 , , . , , , , . 80- . , . , "" . , . "" , . , , 1964 . . . , 1964 ,