,
) ,
.
,
.
,
.
;
" ?" ,
, : " ? - , -
, , -
. ""
, , .
,
"". ,
-. ,
, ,
,
"54.
, .
,
,
.
( )
: "... -
163
-
". : " ,
, .
,
. ,
, ,
.
. ,
,
, .
,
. .
( . - . .)"55. ,
, -
.
, " " 1917 .
,
. ,
.
, .
,
. , , ,
, ,
. , ,
, .
, , ,
, ,
, 56. "
, -
, -
, "57.
, -,
164
VI .
, ,
. .
. ,
,
,
, "
". ,
.
("
?") ,
" --
"
.
58.
( )
, ,
.
,
" , - ".
, ,
, -
,
. , ,
,
, .
,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
.
, 1917 .
. , ,
. ,
, ,
-
165
.
, , ,
" " .
18 19 ""
. ,
. 20
, , ,
,
,
. ,
( , "...
..."),
. , ,
, ,
.
,
,
59.
1918 .,
. 10
,
-. ,
,
.
23 , , , ,
. , ,
" " ,
:
,
. : " ,
". : " ,
, . .
,
"60.
166
.
, .
1917 .
,
, . ,
.
. ,
,
,
, ,
, .
,
.
.
1917 .
. , ""
, : "
. -
- , .
, , "61.
"10 , ", 1923 .
, "
..."62. ,
, .
, ,
. 1917-
. ,
,
, .
, ,
"
"63.
.
167
,
. ,
, .
( 9 5 21 10
1917 ., VI )
( ) .
, ,
,
, , ,
, , .
- , ,
( , , )
64.
.
.
1 , " ",
,
(Stalin: An Appraisal of the Man and His Influence. N. Y., 1967, p. 136 -
137). , ,
.
20- ,
.
2 . ,
1967, . I, . 141.
3 . . . . ., . 11, . 386.
, , ,
. . . 139, .
"-- 17.
4 , ,
. . .
5 Schapiro L. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union. N. Y., 1959, p.
101. : " 1909 . ,
: " "". ,
, , : "
" (Three Who Made a Revolution. Boston, 1948, p.
486).
6 . . ., . 2, . 147.
7 , . 198 - 199.
8 , . 211 - 212.
9 . . ., 1947, . 50.
,
1910 1912 .
,
168
,
.
1917 . (" ", 1962, "-- 3, .
156).
10 (,
)
, ,
, .
11 . ,
" " 23
1925 . ,
: - . . . ., 1963, . 93;
. . (. .). . . 2- . .,
1963, . 179 - 180.
12 - . . , . 92 - 94.
13 . . . . ., . 22, . 223 - 230.
1912 ., 1913 .
14 , ,
.
"" .: , . 23, . 320.
15 , . 59. 314 - 322.
16 . . . . ., . 48, . 162. "" -
.
17 . . ., . 2, . 292 - 302.
.: Med vedev Roy A. Let History Judge: The
Origins and Consequences of Stalinism. N. Y., 1971, p. 509; . .
. . . - "
", 1966, "-- 4, . 119 - 121. ,
" "" .
...".
18 . . ., . 2, . 290 - 367. "
" 1913 . ""
( ) " -".
19 Djilas Milovan. Conversation with Stalin. N. Y., 1962, p. 157.
, ""
"".
,
, : " ... ".
, , .
20 , "
-" . . ,
"nationalen Eigenart"
, ,
. ,
, .:
Stalin: An Appraisal of the Man and His Influence, p. 156 - 158.
, , : (Stalin: A Political Biography. N.
Y. 1966, p. 117); (Stalin: A Critical Survey of Bol shevism.
N. Y., 1972, p. 133); (Three Who Made a Revolution. N. Y., 1948, p. 578
- 581). , , :
(The Formation of the Soviet Union, N. Y., 1968, p. 40 - 41);
- (Trotsky's I nterpretation of Stalin. - In: "Canadian Slavonic
Papers", 1961, No 5, p. 9; Stalin's Works: An Annotated Bibliography, 1967,
p. 43 - 44).
169
21 . . . . ., . 48, . 169. 29
: " (
"") . !
" (
, . 48, . 173). 1913 . ,
, , "
... .-.
(
)" ( , . 24, . 223).
22 . . . ., 1946, . 117.
23 . . . . ., . 49, . 101, 161.
, " " (. 11),
1929 . , ,
, . . ("",
. 118). ,
. , .
24 Medvedev R. A. Let History Judge..., p. 5 - 6.
(.
. ). : .
. . ., 1966, . 47 - 48.
25 ., . . . ., 1961,
. 84 - 86.
26 . . . ., 1957, . 1, . 276 - 277.
: " . . ,
. . ".
" ", 1924, . 2, .
66.
27 . . , . 117 - 118.
.: . . ., 1946. . 182.
28 , . 167 , 189 - 190.
29 . . -, 1969, . 330. :
" ,
- ,
".
,
, .
30 . : Medvedev R. A. Let History Judge, p. 7.
31 . ("", ,
- 1950 ., . 118). ,
.
32 . . , . 165 - 169.
33 " ", 1962, "-- 3, . 143.
15 ( , . 149) ,
. ,
.
34 . : Florinsky T. Michael. Russia: A History and an
Interpretation. N. Y., 1955, Vol. 2, p. 1377, 1378.
35 . . ., . 3, . 8.
36 . . . - ., 1925, . 2, . 180 - 183.
. : . . - 1917
. - " ", 1956, "-- 8, . 110 - 112.
170
37 . . - 1917 , -
" ", 1956, "-- 4, . 48 - 50. . "
" ( . . . . ., . 31, . 503 - 504).
38 " ", 1962, "-- 5, . 112; "-- 6, . 139 - 140.
, 1962 .,
1937 . ( ) : Trotsky L. The Stalin Sch ool
of Falsification. N. Y., 1962.
39 " ", 1923, "-- 3(13), . 221.
40 . . . . ., . 31, . 112.
-
110 - ,
1914 .
.
41 . . . 1914 - 1917. ., 1969, . 194.
8 ( ).
, ;
,
25 , - 7 1917 .
42 . . ., . 1, . XII - XI II.
43 " ", 1956, "-- 8, . 114. ,
-. ,
( , . 114).
44 " ", 1956, "-- 8, . 114; ("")
().
1917 ., ., 1934, . 72.
45 , . 190. (, ,
, , , , , ), -
. 104 ( 109 ), - 101,
- 97, - 95, - .
46 , . 230 - 231.
47 , . 192 - 193.
48 , . 194 - 203.
49 .: Rabinowitch A. Prelude to
Revolution: The Petrograd Bolsheviks and the July 1917 Upr ising.
Bloomington, Ind., 1968, p. 234 - 235.
50 . . , . 170, 176 - 177.
51 - . . , . 178; . .
, . 181. ,
, ,
, , :
" , , !" (
. . , . 190).
52 . . , . 183 - 184.
53 , . 184 - 190.
54 (). 1917 . . .,
1958, . 114.
55 , . 250.
56 , . 27 - 28.
171
57 " ", 1962, "-- 4, . 47. . : .
. (. .). . ., 1967,
. 3, . 1 78.
58 , . 30 - 36.
59 (). 1917 -
1918. ., 1958, . 309 - 310.
: . ., . 7, . 2, . 322.
60 (). 1917 -
1918, . 211 - 213.
61 . . . - - , 1922
- 1923, . 2, . 265 - 266.
,
1922 .
.
,
" ( . )",
.
62 1919 .
.
, ,
.
63 Trotsky L. Stalin: An Appraisal of the Man and His Influence, p.
238.
64 (). 1917 -
1918, . 86, 104.
, ,
.
,
,
.
.
,
, ( 1913 .),
, .
"": , ,
.
, :
? ,
""
1912 ., ,
1. .
?
, , ,
1904 .
.
.
" ".
1905 ., , ,
-
141
2.
. "
", 1905 .
, ,
,
" " " ?".
, (
-)
- .
, ,
, ,
, .
-
; , .
,
.
, ,
, ,
"
" ""3.
,
1905 ., - .
1906 . , ,
( ). ,
, , ,
,
,
.
-, 4. , ,
( , ),
, (
) ,
.
, .
,
142
1905 .
- . ,
-,
. , ,
"",
1905 . . ,
, ,
.
,
, 1907 1912 .,
.
. 1905 . ,
. -
, , ,
, . 1909 .
5 - 6 5.
, "",
, ,
-
, .
, ,
, - , ,
. , ,
,
.
,
" " 1909 .,
, .
, -, ,
-,
. , , " ?",
,
143
. ,
, ,
, , "
",
6.
,
, ,
,
, . ,
.
;
,
"". 22 1910 .
, " ()
"7. , 1910 .
,
.
, , ,
, .
, "
" " ",
8. , ,
" ", ,
9. ,
1912 .
, ,
, ,
, .
,
, ,
10.
-, -, ,
,
144
. , ,
,
, , . , 1908 .
,
("") "
" , " ".
,
, .
"
" , . (
), ,
,
, " "
, " ,
( ?)
..." 24 1911 .
: " " ",
: - , - -
, .
.
; " , ;
, , ,
""11.
1911 . ,
,
. ,
, " ".
, , ,
, :
" - " ", , .
, ? "
" ". , ,
, ,
,
" "12.
,
, ,
,
145
.
,
, ,