0. P. 135.
[528] - .: World Economic Outlook. May 1998. P. 125.
,
,
,
,
[529].
, ,
, 971 .
, 1994
, , 90 . --
, ,
, .
, 90,9 . -- ,
!
:
-- 15 , -- 21, -- 24,
-- 69, -- 95, -- 109,
-- 193 [530].
2, NO2, CO,
SO2 . ,
,
( , ),
,
2 1958-1959 1990 11
[531]; 1960 1995 13
[532].
,
2, , ,
[533].
, ,
,
-
[529] - .: Porter G., Brown J. W. Global Environmental
Politics. P. 38.
[530] - .: Brow L.R., Flavin Ch., French H., et al. State
of the World 1997. P. 166.
[531] -
.: Smil V. China's Environmental Crisis. P. 129.
[532] - .: Weiyaecker E. U., von, LovinsA.B., Lovins L.H.
Factor Four: Doubling Wealth-Halving Resource Use. The New Report to the
Club of Rome. L., 1997. P. 225.
[533] - .: Cannon . Corporate Responsibility. L., 1992.
P. 182.
,
.
,
NO2 SO2
,
( )
, [534].
,
. 1990
22 2
: ,
30 2010 , ,
,
2020 [535].
,
. 1950 1989
2 1,5-2 : ,
2,5 4,9 . , --
0,51 1,0 . , -- 0,2 0,36 . ,
-- 0,51 0,6 . .
, ,
"" : 2 6,5 (
0,68 3,8 . ), -- 10 ( 0,07 0,7 . ),
-- 30 ( 0,08 2,4 . ) [536].
1991
, 11,2
( ,
), 15,8, -- 21,8
. 90-,
,
, 1996
"". ,
(, )
""
[534] - .: Meadows D.H., Meadows D.L., Panders J. Beyond
the Limits. P. 181.
[535] - .: Mitchell ., Beck P., Grubb M. The New
Geopolitics of Energy. P. 169-170.
[536] - .: Smil V. China's Environmental Crisis. P. 135.
1991 ,
, [537]. , ,
, 2,
, " ",
,
,
,
[538].
, ,
. , 1980 2010
,
. 2010 ,
.
3 . ,
, ,
,
, --
3,84 , 2015
, [539].
, , ,
, , , 3,7
3,9 ;
42 1985
53 2020-[540].
, 80-
. , 1991 ,
, ,
, ,
;
" " [541].
-
[537] - .: Sandier . Global Challenges. P. 102-103.
[538] -
.: Paterson M. Global Warming and Global Politics. P. 14-15.
[539] - .: Duchin F., Lange G.-M., et al. The Future of
the Environment. Ecological Economics and Technological Change. N.Y.-Oxford,
1994. P. 33.
[540] - .: Dent Ch.M. The European Economy. P. 391.
[541] - .: Paterson M. Global Warming and Global
Politics. P. 75.
,
, 25 (!) ( 90-
800 ,
-- 19,7 ). ""
, ,
"" 17,5 . "" ,
90- 22
. . [542].
--, 1992
.
;
" ",
-- 100 . . --
.
.
, 1997
170 .
.
,
, -
.
, ,
( )
2010 85
1990 . 2
2010 7,5 . ,
9 . . ,
, , 2008 2012
1990 ,
[543],
, " 2010
[542] - .: Smil V. China's Environmental Crisis. P. 135.
[543] - .: Lemonick M.D. Hot Air in Kyoto // Time. 1997.
December 8. P. 53.
20
1990 ,
,
, ,
" [544]. ;
,
, ""
2012 5,2 1990 .
,
,
,
: ,
, ,
, ,
""
[545].
, ,
.
.
" " ,
.
.
,
,
. ,
, ,
, ,
;
,
.
[544] - McAllister J.F. . Forecast: Heat Wave //Time. 1997.
October 13. . 45.
[545] - .: Lemonick M.D. Turning Down the Heat // Time.
1997. December 22. P. 21.
, --
, --
. 70- 80-
.
,
,
. 80- ,
, ,
1995 .
,
1997-2005 8 ,
3,5
[546], , 2010
50
[547]. ,
;
, ,
, , , ,
.
" " ,
.
;
,
, ,
. , 0,7
[548], . ,
, ,
2 [549], ,
"
[546] - .: Marber P. From Third World to the World Class.
P. 17.
[547] - .: World Economic Outlook. October 1997. P. 15.
[548] - .: Weiwaecker E. V., von, Lovins A.B., Lovins L.H.
Factor Four. P. 219.
[549] - .: Gore A. Earth in the Balance. P. 304.
",
.
,
" "
.
XXI , "
" ,
,
. ,
,
.
,
, , .
, , , "
,
-
" [550].
,
[551];
" "
, ,
[552].
, "
, ;
: 60- - 80-
,
-
[550] - Bowers J. Sustainability and Environmental
Economics: An Alternative Text. Edinburg Gate, 1997. P. 217.
[551] - .: Shaikh A.M., Tonak E.A. Measuring the Wealth of
Nations. The Political Economy of National Accounts. Cambridge, 1994. P. 17.
[552] - .: Sandier . Global Challenges. P. 90-91.
.
, -
, " [553].
.
,
(
, ,
, )
.
" "
--
,
. 20
,
. ,
,
0,5 [554];
, . ,
., 60- ,
,
"
" [555].
,
[553] - Inozemtsev V.L. The Constitution of the
Post-Economic State. Post-Industrial Theories and Post-Economic Trends in
the Contemporary World. Aldershot-L., 1998. P. 380.
[554] - .: Barro R.J. Determinants of Economic Growth. A
Cross-Country Empirical Study. Cambridge (Ma.) - L., 1997. P. 44.
[555] - Myrdal G. Rich Lands and Poor: The Road to World
Prosperity. N.Y., 1957. P. 55.>
,
.,
,
.
* * *
, , ,
,
,
" ".
, ""
,
. ,
;
, , - ,
,
""
15-20 .
,
- .
, ,
,
,
, , ,
,
. ,
,
, (
)
.
,
, .
.
.
, ,
,
. "" ""
, --
,
, 2
, --
,
[556].
,
" ".
, " ",
,
, .
,
, ,
, --
" ".
,
. ,
,
,
.
, " ", ,
-
[556] - .: Duchin F., Lange G.-M., et al. The Future of
the Environment. Ecological Economics and Technological Change. P. 21.
. , ,
XXI
" ".
, 10-15
.
.
: " ",
,
, ,
.
,
,
, ,
.
-
" "
, ,
. ,
. ,
,
: "
... 32- ... -- 200
. ., -- :
,
, "
[557]. ,
, ,
, ,
.
[557] - Brown L.R., Flavin Ch., French H., et al. State of
the World 1997. P. 131.
, ,
,
. ,
, 0,50-0,55,
,
,
.
,
, . 15-20
,
,
,
,
. ,
,
. , " "
15-20 ,
1 ,
,
.
,
- .
, ,
.
""
. , ""
:
,
, ,
,
. ,
""
""
;
""
. ,
, .
,
, " ",
" " (
?); ,
,
, ,
.
,
, "
" .
, ,
" ", ,
.
, ,
, .
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
, " "
; ,
" "
, .
* * * * *
, ,
90- ,
,
, .
, --
,
,
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
,
,
.
( !) ,
.
, --
, --
. ,
,
.
""
, .
""
,
,
,
,
.
, , ,
, --
, -- ,
.
,
"", ""
, .
,
, , .
,
.
-, ,
,
,
. ,
,
,
.
-,