The Secrets
of Consistent Innovation at Intel. N.Y, 1998. P. 182.
[98] - .: Pastemack B.A., Viscio A.J. The Centerless
Corporation. A New Model for Transforming Your Organization for Growth and
Prosperity. N.Y., 1998. P. 33, 86.
[99] - Ibid. P. 71-72.
[100] - .: The Economist. 1997. February 8-14. P. 57.
, ,
, , ,
.
- . 1972
55 . . ( 1992 ),
80-,
, ( 1989-1992 )
[101].
1987 1993 15,98 15,71
., 2 [102].
"" 90-,
,
"
,
",
" "
[103]. , ,
.
80- ,
, 70-:
,
" "
, ,
.
,
, , ,
, . ,
80-
,
30 ,
-- (. 11-1). . : " ,
.
[101] - .: Luttwak E. Turbo-Capitalism. P. 50.
[102] - .: Madrick J. The End of Affluence. The Causes and
Consequences of America's Economic Dilemma. P. 110.
[103] - Ibid. P. 110.
11-1
: Judy R. W., D'Amico . Workforce 2000. Work and Workers in
the 21st Century. Indianapolis (In.), 1997. P. 63.
, 25 .
3 , 29
31
" [104].
, ,
,
[105].
, 1973
,
80- [106].
-
[104] - Thurow L. Creating Wealth. The New Rules for
Individuals, Companies, and Countries in a Knowledge-Based Economy. L.,
1999. P. 134.
[105] - .: Lind M. The Next American Nation. P. 200.
[106] - .: Ayres R.U. Turning Point. An End to the Growth
Paradigm. L., 1998. P. 119; Weiwaecker E., von, Lovins A.B., Lovins L.H.
Factor Four: Doubling Wealth -- Halving Resource Use. The New Report to the
Club of Rome L., 1997. P. 279.
:
80-
.,
,
.
,
. , ,
, , 50- 60-
[107]. 1990 1995
16 ,
-- 75, 2
[108]. 1996 ,
S&P500, 11 , -- 54
[109]. ,
20
20 . . , (. "
", . "" . " ") --
100 . . [110];
, " " . 230 . .
[111]
; , .,
"-", 1996 1 . . [112]
1997
326 [113]. , ,
,
[107] - .: Lawnick W. Creating and Extracting Value:
Corporate Investment Behavior and American Economic Performance // Bernstein
M.A., Adier D.E. (Eds.) Understanding American Economic Decline. Cambridge,
1994. P. 101.
[108] - . Smith A.F., Kelly T. Human Capital in the
Digital Economy // Hesselbein F., Goldsmith M., Beckhard R. (Eds.) The
Organization of the Future. P. 201.
[109] - . Naylor .., Willimon W.H. Downsizing the U.S.A.
Grand Rapids (Mi.)-Cambridge, 1997. P. 35.
[110] - CM. Luttwak E. Turbo-Capitalism. P. 98.
[111] - CM. Alsop R.J. (Ed.) The Wall Street Journal Almanac
1999. N.Y., 1999. P. 237.
[112] - . Koch R. The Third Revolution. Creating
Unprecedented Wealth and Happiness for Everyone in the New Millennium.
Oxford, 1998. P. 91. 113
[113] - C. Korten D. C. The Post-Corporate World. Life
After Capitalism. San Francisco, 1999. P. 81.
. ,
( 5 ,
60 , ,
40 --
[114]),
, ( 35
. 1 ., 1974 , 120 .
1990- 225 . 1994-[115]) -
. , 80- .,
"", 17,5 . . , .,
"", -- 450 .; ., " ", -- 12,6
. ., ., JVC, -- 290 .
[116],
, , .
, ,
( ,
, "-" .,
25 ,
4 . . 1981 150 . .
1997-[117]); , ,
,
( 90- 40
. . -- , [118];
, , - ,
, 1 . .
, , [119]); ,
,
. -
[114] - .: Hermstein R.J., Murray Ch. The Bell Curve. P.
59.
[115] - .: Fischer C.S., Hout M., Jankowski M.S., Lucas
S.R., Swidler A., Voss K. Inequality by Design. P. 102.
[116] - .: Hampden-Tumer Ch., Trompenaars F. The Seven
Cultures of Capitalism. Value Systems for Creating Wealth in the United
States, Britain, Japan, Germany, France, Sweden and the Netherlands. L.,
1994. P. 57.
[117] - .: Koch R. The Third Revolution. P. 92.
[118] - .: Sakayia T. What Is Japan? Contradictions and
Transformations. N.Y., 1993. P. 237.
[119] - .: Hartcher P. The Ministry. How Japan's Most
Powerful Institution Endangers World Markets. Boston (Ma.), 1998. P. 62.
"
, ,
, ,
. ,
. ,
, " [120].
,
(. 11-2) ,
80-
,
.
11-2
: Galbraith James K. Created Unequal. P. 79.
[120] - Tomasko R. M. Rethinking the Corporation. The
Architecture of Change. N.Y., 1993. P. 151.
30
[121],
,
: , "-" --
4 ( 6 ""), " "
-- 18 ( 15 "") [122].
,
. ,
,
" "" ,
" [123].
, ,
.
,
. 1970 1990
474 -- ,
248 [124] .
,
, ,
.
, ,
, -
, .
.
, 1991
,
[121] - .: Grant J.L. Foundations of Economic Value Added.
New Hope. (Pa.), 1997. P. 16, 18-19; McTaggart J.M., Kontes P. W., Mankins
M.C. The Value Imperative. Managing for Superior Shareholder Returns. N.Y.,
1994. P. 28.
[122] - .: RoosJ., Roos G., Dragonefti N.C., Edvinsson L.
Intellectual Capital. Navigating the New Business Landscape. N.Y., 1997. P.
2, 3; . : Knight J.A. Value-Based Management. Developing a Systematic
Approach to Creating Shareholder Value. N.Y., 1998. P. 41, 43, 54.
[123] - Danziger S.H., Sandefur G.D., Weinberg D.H.
Introduction // Danziger S.H., Sandefur G.D., Weinberg D.H. (Eds.)
Confronting Poverty: Prescription for Change. Cambridge (Ma.), 1994. P. 10.
[124] - .: Frank R.H., Cook P.J. The Winner-Take-All
Society. Why the Few at the Top Get So Much More Than the Rest of Us. L.,
1996. P. 165.
100 . . [125] , , 1980
30
, 67 . .,
80 [126].
. ,
,
.
. , ,
; ,
., " ,
, ,
"
[127]; ,
,
.
, , "
"
. ,
[128]; , , " ,
" [129],
,
.
, .
. : "
, , ,
, ,
. ,
,
. -
[125] - .: Lasch Ch. The Revolt of the Elites and the
Betrayal of Democracy. P. 177.
[126] - .: The Economist. 1997. February 8-14. P. 57.
[127] - Inglehart R. Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial
Society. Princeton (NJ), 1990. P. 171.
[128] - Ibid. P. 100.
[129] - Boyett J.H., Conn H.P. Maximum Performance
Management. Oxford, 1995. P. 32.
, , , ,
. ,
,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
,
" [130]. ,
,
50- [131]
, ,
.
,
,
[132];
, "
,
" [133].
. , ,
, , ,
, 1982-1989
[134]. ,
(
),
; ,
90- 10
[135]. "-
[130] - Hermstein R.J., Murray Ch. The Bell Curve. P.
XXI-XXII.
[131] - .: Wright Mills C. White Collar. P. 268.
[132] - .: Morton . Beyond World Class. P. 260.
[133] - Lasch Ch. The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal
of Democracy. P. 4.
[134] - .: Danvger S., Gottschalk P. America Unequal. P.
135.
[135] - .: Berman E., Bound J., Griliches Z. Changes in
the Demand for Skilled Labor within US Manufacturing // Quarterly Journal of
Economics. 1994. Vol. 109. P. 376.
,
" [136];
,
, ,
[137].
. 1985 1995
,
,
25 ,
[138]. , "
,
", ,
, ,
2, -- 4 , ,
, 31
51 [139].
; 90-
: , , ,
, ,
(6,4 8,4 ),
(7,3 14,3; 6,8 14,7 ),
(3,2 12,6 ) [140].
90- 59 ,
, [141];
, , 18 ,
,
,
[136] - .: Cohen D. The Wealth of the World and the
Poverty of Nations. Cambridge (Ma.)-L.,1998.P.45.
[137] - .: Naylor .., Willimon W.H. Downsizing the USA.
P. 32.
[138] - .: The Economist. 1997. July 19. P. 75.
[139] - .: Bronfenbrenner U., McClelland P., Wethington
E., Moen Ph., Ceci SJ., et al. The State of Americans. P. 176-177, 176.
[140] - .: Mishel L., Bernstein J., Schmitt J. The State
of Working America 1998-99. P. 387.
[141] - .: Jencks Ch. Is the American Underclass Growing?
// Jencks Ch., Peterson P. (Eds.) The Urban Underclass. Wash., 1991. P. 53.
5-7 [142]. 90-
,
.
, , 60- 70-
.
, .
,
.
, -- .
, , , ,
;
,
. ,
.
* * *
, ,
.
,
; ,
,
,
,
. ,
;
, , , ,
, .
, ,
- . -,
-
[142] - .: Rodrik D. Has Globalization Gone Too Far?
Wash., 1997. P. 23.
,
, -- -- , ,
, . .
, .
,
. -,
:
.
, ,
,
,
; ,
. -, ,
,
,
,
.
,
, , ,
. ,
,
, ,
;
(competition) (cooperation),
(co/petition). -, , ,
,
. ;
(underclass), .
,
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
, , ,
, . ,
, , ,
, , ,
.
,
;
, ,
homo oeconomicus.
, .
, ,
.
.
-,
: ,
. ,
" "
[143]. "" ,
, , .
.., ,
,
, : "
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
, ,
". ,
, : " -
[143] - . : Lyon D. The
Information Society. P. 56.
;
... "
[144]. .
"", "" , ,
, ,
,
. ""
,
;
, ,
,
.
"
", , ,
, ,
.
.
.
[144] - Galbraith J. . The Good Society. The Humane Agenda.
Boston-N.Y., 1996. P. 59,60.
.
.
,
,
.
, ,
; ,
.
, ,
,
-- [145].
,
-- .
,
. .
: "
;
" [146].
,
, .
.
3 ,
1940
, 5 , 70-
25 35
.
, 20,2 ,
1981 , 2,4 1890-
[147]. ,
XX
. ; "
" ,
,
.
,
,
.
[145] - .: Marshall . Sociology at the Crossroads. L.,
1963. P. 72-73.
[146] - Krugman P. The Accidental Theorist and Other
Dispatches from the Dismal Science. N.Y.-L., 1998. P. 193.
( 50- --
80- )
,
. 70-
90
;
.
[147] - .: Pierson Ch. Beyond the Welfare State? P. 112.
,
-- . 1948-1966
2,2 ;
1966-1973 1,5
( 5 )
. 50-
60- 3,1 , 60- 70- -- 2,2
[148]; ,
( 50- --
[149]). ,
, ,
, 60-
,
.. , , ,
,
,
. ., " [ ]
1945 1967/73 . ,
, .
[ ],
,
" ".
[ ]"[150].
. 1965 1972 75
185 . .; 1960 7,7
, 1965