: : : ( )


: ?

. (), . .

, . . (L. Eotvos) $10^{-8}$, . (R. Dicke) $10^{-10}$, .. -- $10^{-12}$.

: $G=6,6745(8) \times 10^{-11}$ $^{3}$/$\times$$^{2}$, . $G$ \( \Big \vert \frac{dG}{dt} \frac{1}{G} \Big \vert < 10^{-11}\) \(^{-1}\simeq
10^{-18}\) \(^{-1}\).

1.:
\includegraphics [width=5cm]{Oto/SunAngel.eps}

. , . . 1. , . , ( ), . :


\begin{displaymath}
\alpha=-\frac{2r_{g\odot}}{\rho},
\end{displaymath} (5)

\(r_{g\odot}\) -- (. (3)), \(\rho\) -- ( ).

\(\alpha=(1,75)''\) 0,3% ( 1984 .), .

, , , .. 1804 . , "" ( ). .

(Hubble) , ( ), . , - , ( 0.1 10 ) , . , , , .

( ) \(\Delta \nu\) 1 2, \(\phi _{1}-\phi _{2}=gh\), \(g\) -- , \(h\) -- 1 2. , ( \(r\ll R_{\oplus}\))


\begin{displaymath}
\frac{\Delta \nu}{\nu} = \frac{\phi _{1}-\phi _{2}}{c^{2}}.
\end{displaymath} (6)

1% ( ), , , \(0.02\%\) (1980).

2.:
\includegraphics [width=5cm]{Oto/SunTime.eps}

, -- . . 2. . ( -) ( -- ).


\begin{displaymath}
\delta t \simeq \frac{2r_{g\odot}}{c}\ln(\frac{R_{e}R_{v}}{\rho^{2}}),
\end{displaymath} (7)

\(r_{g\odot}\) -- (. 3), $R_{e}$ -- , $R_{v}$ -- , \(\rho\) -- , $c$ -- .

\(\delta t=2\times 10^{-4}\) 0,1%, .

, , , .

, ( -- , ). , , :


\begin{displaymath}
U=-\frac{GMm}{r},
\end{displaymath} (8)

$r$ -- $M$ $m$, $G$ -- .

, ( ) . , \(\sim \frac{1}{r}\) \(\sim r^{2}\) ( [3], 14, " ").

( ), . .

- , , , ( , ), \(\sim \frac{1}{r}\) ( \(\sim \frac{1}{r^{1+\delta}}\)) .

-- -- .

:


\begin{displaymath}
\delta\phi = \frac{6\pi G M_{\odot}}{c^{2}a(1-e^{2})},
\end{displaymath} (9)

\(M_{\odot}\) -- , $G$ -- , \(a\) $e$ -- , $c$ -- .

100 $43,11'' \pm 0,45''$, $43,0''$ -- .

100 :

100
$43,11'' \pm 0,45''$ $43,0''$
$8,4'' \pm 4,8''$ $8,6''$
$9,8'' \pm 8''$ $10,3''$
$5'' \pm 1,2''$ $3,8''$

3.:
\includegraphics [width=12cm]{Oto/Gravlinsa.eps}

, , , . . 3. O, A (, ). C (, ), - , , B, . . , $10^{12}$ .

, , . -- , ( . 3 ) -- . ( ), ( . 3 ) . 1979 . . . .

( -- ) . -- ( ) . - -- , . . . , .

, .

, . -- $\gamma$-, . $\gamma$- -- . , . , , ( , ). , . , , .

, (MAUTIGUS, AURIGA, EXPLORER -- ) , , .

, . [4], .. .. , 110 " " :

: , , ( ). ( ) .

, , - ( ) , . :


\begin{displaymath}
\frac{d\omega}{dt} =\frac{96G^{3}m_{1}m_{2}(m_{1}+m_{2})}
{5c^{5}r^{4}}\cdot \omega,
\end{displaymath} (10)

$\omega$ -- , $G$ -- , $m_1$ $m_2$ -- , $r$ -- .

\(\omega\) . , .

( -- ) ( PSR 1913+16 ). . ( ). 14 (1975-89) -- . , . ( 1%) ( (10)). -- . . ( , ).


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: : : ( )
baldin@inp.nsk.su
1999-05-25